Adoptive cell based approaches prospects immunotherapy adoptive. Medical search. Frequent questions

This study aimed to assess the antitumor activity and safety of a bispecific antibody directing VÎ³9VÎ´2 T cells to EGFR-expressing tumors. (bvsalud.org)
By linking a CD1d-specific single-domain antibody (VHH) to a VÎ´2-TCR-specific VHH, we create a bsTCE with trispecific properties, which engages not only VÎ³9VÎ´2-T cells but also type 1 NKT cells to CD1d+ tumors and triggers robust proinflammatory cytokine production, effector cell expansion, and target cell lysis in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
Tumor immunotherapy brings substantial and long-term clinical benefits that can even cure tumors. (hindawi.com)
Tumor immunotherapy refers to novel therapeutic measures that turn the immune system into a destructive force against tumors [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Adoptive cellular therapy, especially chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, has gained unprecedented success among hematologic tumors [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has potential to treat bladder cancer, as previously demonstrated by successful expansion of tumor reactive T cells from human bladder tumors. (bmj.com)
OT-I T cells delivered intravesically were able to control tumor growth without lymphodepleting chemotherapy or IL-2 in MB49OVA orthotopic tumors. (bmj.com)
However, targeting solid tumors is more challenging than targeting B-cell malignancies with CAR-T cells because of the histopathological structure features, specific antigens shortage and strong immunosuppressive environment of solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
Optimization of the design of CAR vectors, exploration of new targets, addition of safe switches and combination with other treatments bring new vitality to the CAR-T cell based immunotherapy against solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
In this review, we focus on the major obstacles limiting the application of CAR-T cell therapy toward solid tumors and summarize the measures to refine this new cancer therapeutic modality. (ijbs.com)
And much work remains to be done to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
It may be achieved, at least partially, by more extensive basic studies investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of T cell activation by CARs and unraveling the connection between T cell migration in solid tumors and the effectiveness in eradication of solid tumors and metastases [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
In this review, we discuss the current status and major obstacles for the treatment of solid tumors with CAR-T cells, thus provide some potential measures to refine this novel therapeutic modality. (ijbs.com)
There is compelling clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the recognition and eradication of tumors. (frontiersin.org)
However, as tumors progress, cancerous cells develop immunosuppressive mechanisms that circumvent NK cell-mediated killing, allowing for tumor escape and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
However, a class of important immune-modulators is conspicuously absent: agents that utilize the power of innate immune cells to eradicate tumors. (frontiersin.org)
Immunotherapy is currently considered as a promising next-generation therapeutic strategy for various cancers thanks to its ability to modulate cell-specific immune responses toward tumors [ 1 ], which has gradually remodeled the landscape of clinical anticancer modality [ 2 ]. (thno.org)
Some progress has been made in defining trafficking determinants for inflamed CNS microvessels: CD8+ T cells activated in cervical lymph nodes draining intracerebral tumors in the mouse acquire a phenotype characterized by high expression of the two integrins α4 and α1 as well as a modest increase in the expression of P-selectin ligand [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Dr. Lim's clinical interests include the treatment of benign and malignant brain tumors, with special interest in gliomas, meningiomas, metastatic tumors, and skull base tumors. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
He has successfully translated his findings from the laboratory to the clinics and has conducted and led several large national immunotherapy clinical trials for brain tumors. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
Dr. Lim is a world leader in immunotherapy for brain tumors. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
In addition to being invited world-wide to give lectures and seminars, he has given platform presentations on the topics of immunotherapy for brain tumors, neurosurgical techniques and management of brain tumors at the American Society of Clinical Oncologists, American Academy of Neurological Surgeons, Radiological Society of North America, Annual Symposium on Brain and Spine Metastases, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, and other meetings. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
Her research interest focuses on the molecular oncology and immunotherapies of solid tumors and she published more than 40 peer reviewed papers. (stanford.edu)
In the past decade, many clinical trials have been investigating anti-CTLA-4 as well as anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapies in various solid tumors, including HCC. (stanford.edu)
In a recent discussion on adoptive T cell therapies for solid tumors, Anusha Kalbasi, MD, provided a comprehensive analysis of various modalities, shedding light on their challenges and potential breakthroughs. (oncologytube.com)
Moving to CAR T cell therapy for central nervous system (CNS) tumors, Kalbasi, MD, acknowledged the historic success in hematologic cancers and emerging victories in solid tumors. (oncologytube.com)
Specifically, pancreatic tumors can prevent the recruitment of T cells, immune cells that could otherwise recognize and attack the cancer cells as foreign. (letswinpc.org)
Special advances are achieved in HER-positive tumors using targeted therapy with drugs which suppress the tumor cell growth factors (trastuzumab, herceptin). (cttjournal.com)
Antibodies against tumor-associated epitopes, that are limited by antigens presented for the cell surface area of tumors, have already been exploited and determined against multiple types of malignancies using passive immunization.4 Notable for example rituximab (anti-CD20 for B-cell lymphomas5) and trastuzumab (anti-HER-2/neu for several breast malignancies6). (techieindex.net)
Nevertheless, those T cells that could most efficiently react to peptide-MHC epitopes on the top of tumors tend to be put through clonal tolerance or deletion, as much of the epitopes have become identical or just like self epitopes. (techieindex.net)
19 To many effectively funnel the billed power of T cells in the fight tumors, several methods have already been designed that allow T cells to react to traditional antibody epitopes. (techieindex.net)

Back in the research laboratories, researchers were making many conceptual advances in making better immune checkpoint inhibitors , CAR T-cell immunotherapies , and targeted therapies , among others, which will shape the future of cancer treatments in the forthcoming years. (aacr.org)
In this respect, the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors to unleash the activity of tumor-reactive T cells has been a milestone in cancer immunotherapy. (nature.com)
Herein, we summarize emerging agents including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, checkpoint inhibitors, and other potential immunotherapy such as chimeric antigen receptor T cell for non-small cell lung cancer attempting to provide insights and perspectives of the future in anticancer treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Herein, we summarized the novel agents in tyrosine kinase inhibitors especially for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors, checkpoint inhibitors, and other potential immunotherapy aiming to provide a landscape of emerging agents for NSCLC as well as insights and perspectives for the future in anticancer treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has achieved significant success in various cancers and has been one of the hotspots in the life sciences, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cellular therapy [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antibodies that target crucial signaling pathways, such as programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), to improve the activation of T cells and enhance the immune response to cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
The recent FDA approvals of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-targeted checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab mark the latest successes in the rapidly expanding field of cancer immunotherapies. (frontiersin.org)
Cytokines, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfers, and especially checkpoint inhibitors constitute valuable elements in the immunotherapeutic armamentarium. (frontiersin.org)
Checkpoint Inhibitors: Checkpoint inhibitors are a type of drug that blocks certain proteins made by some types of immune system cells, such as T cells, and some cancer cells that keep immune responses in check. (letswinpc.org)

Continued clinical efficacy demonstrations of cell-based immunotherapies (iTx) such as chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapies has made the prospect increasingly likely of an immunotherapy product achieving conditional market authorization in the short term. (bioprocessintl.com)
Last year was a fruitful year for the cancer research community, which witnessed 16 new approvals and seven new indications by the FDA that included immunotherapies, targeted therapies, and combination therapies. (aacr.org)
The next generation of modified T-cell therapies is taking on solid tumours - but it's an uphill fight. (nature.com)
Stem cell therapies, once a dream, are now becoming a reality. (pas.va)
Commercial anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies (CART19) are efficacious against advanced B-cell non-Hodgk. (cn1699.cn)
Targeting tumor cells or the tumor microenvironment (TME) are the two major fundamental principles for antitumor therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
The tangible progress in this field, highlighted by an FDA application, marks a significant step forward in TCR-based therapies, with the potential for expanding to other targets and HLA types. (oncologytube.com)
Despite these challenges, ongoing strategies in T cell engineering, patient selection, and optimization seek to enhance the therapeutic window for these cell therapies. (oncologytube.com)
The logical gating of antigen recognition further addresses the perennial challenge of identifying suitable tumor antigens in CAR T cell therapy, showcasing the evolving landscape of adoptive T cell therapies. (oncologytube.com)

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy for lung cancer are the two major areas undergoing rapid development. (biomedcentral.com)

Tumor-associated macrophages: potential therapeutic strategies and future prospects in cancer. (springer.com)
Due to their secretory functions, differentiation capabilities, specific homing effects through chemotaxis, distinctive therapeutic potentials, and ex vivo expandability, cells have become an attractive reagent for advanced therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent years, we have witnessed significant progresses in both basic and clinical studies regarding novel therapeutic strategies with genetically engineered T cells. (ijbs.com)
Advances in our understanding on the interaction between the immune system and tumor cells have contributed to the rapid development of novel therapeutic strategies based on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or T cell receptor (TCR) modified T cells. (ijbs.com)
Here, we review tumor-NK cell interactions, discuss the mechanisms by which NK cells generate an antitumor immune response, and discuss NK cell-based therapeutic strategies targeting activating, inhibitory, and co-stimulatory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
It is hoped that, with rapid development of nanomedicine in cancer immunotherapy, TAMs-focused therapeutic strategies may be anticipated to become an emerging immunotherapeutic modality for future clinical cancer treatment. (thno.org)
Amazing combination of therapeutic strategies of OVs and immune cells confers immense potential for managing cancers. (biomedcentral.com)

Moreover, γδ T cells can directly kill target cells without the involvement of dendritic cells (DCs) and perform dual functional roles in antitumor and anti-infective immunity. (nature.com)
Adoptive cellular therapy transmits the sensitized T cells to patients with low cellular immune function, which helps patients obtain antitumor immunity. (hindawi.com)
Modification with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) endows T cells with tumor specific cytotoxicity and thus induce anti-tumor immunity against malignancies. (ijbs.com)
Of note, the TME is rich in immunosuppressive cells (e.g., tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), immature dendritic cells (iDCs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)), that can suppress antitumor immunity as a result of secretion of various cytokines and chemokines, which enables tumor escape from immune surveillance [ 8 ]. (thno.org)
Among most immunosuppressive cells, TAMs, as crucial drivers of immunosuppressive TME, account for the largest proportion of immune cells in the TME (approximately 50% of tumor mass) [ 9 , 10 ], which possess highly heterogeneity and play a complex regulatory role in tumor immunity and immunotherapy due to helping tumor evade immune surveillance [ 11 ]. (thno.org)
Efficient antigen presentation by antigen presenting cells (APCs) is critical for inducing T-cell mediated immunity in vivo [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Innate immunity is possessed by all types of multicellular organisms and is a primitive prophylactic system in which macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells are primarily responsible for its functioning [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Cells involved in innate immunity recognize foreign substances such as bacteria with toll-like receptors (TLR) and regulate the activation of other cells by the production of various cytokines [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
There are cells, such as phagocytes, that can invade bodies in a process in which the cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf the large particle, giving rise to an internal compartment called a phagosome, and then activating the acquired immunity system by presenting a portion of the phagocytosed and digested foreign substances from its membrane surface. (encyclopedia.pub)

VÎ³9VÎ´2 T cells are effector cells with proven antitumor efficacy against a broad range of cancers. (bvsalud.org)
Considering the effector and immune-activating properties of VÎ³9VÎ´2 T cells, the preclinical efficacy data and acceptable safety profile reported here provide a solid basis for testing EGFR-VÎ´2 bsTCEs in patients with EGFR+ malignancies. (bvsalud.org)
Bispecific T cell engagers (bsTCEs) hold great promise for cancer treatment but face challenges due to the induction of cytokine release syndrome (CRS), on-target off-tumor toxicity, and the engagement of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells that limit efficacy. (bvsalud.org)
The development of VÎ³9VÎ´2-T cell engagers may overcome these challenges by combining high therapeutic efficacy with limited toxicity. (bvsalud.org)
Introducing chimeric antigen receptors into the endogenous T-cell receptor locus reduces tonic signalling, averts accelerated T-cell differentiation and delays T-cell exhaustion, leading to enhanced function and anti-tumour efficacy compared to random integrations. (nature.com)
To apply allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in adoptive immunotherapy, the methodology used to obtain adequate cell numbers with optimal effector function in vitro needs to be optimized, and clinical safety and efficacy also need to be proven. (nature.com)
Among these 132 patients, 8 liver cancer patients and 10 lung cancer patients who received ≥5 cell infusions showed greatly prolonged survival, which preliminarily verified the efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy. (nature.com)
Our clinical studies underscore the safety and efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy, which will inspire further clinical investigations and eventually benefit cancer patients. (nature.com)
Besides, biomimetic carriers based on macrophages have been extensively explored to prolong circulation, enhance tumor-targeted delivery, and reduce the immunogenicity of therapeutics to augment therapeutic efficacy. (springer.com)
Although the efficacy of adoptive transfer of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was examined over several decades, genetically engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) rapidly replaced the application of TILs due to their high specificity, non-MHC-restricted recognition of tumor antigen, superior potency, and improved in vivo persistency [ 9 , 13 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The emerging therapeutic approach of CAR-T cell therapy has sparked great interests, extensive studies in preclinical and clinical trials have revealed encouraging therapeutic efficacy in treating a variety of cancers, particularly in treating B-cell hematologic malignancies with CD19 CAR-T cells [ 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
Kalbasi, MD, explained how these cutting-edge techniques leverage synthetic biology to modulate cell function post-administration, offering potential avenues to minimize toxicity and improve efficacy. (oncologytube.com)
With increasingly high therapeutic efficacy being achieved recent years and owing to the unique features such as specific tumor tropism, low cytotoxicity against normal cells, OVT has been inviting a great attention as an ideal weapon against cancers. (biomedcentral.com)

Moreover, unlike plasmids and viral vectors, mRNAs do not integrate into the genome and therefore do not have the risk of insertional mutagenesis, making them suitable for use in cancer vaccines, tumor immunotherapy and infectious disease prevention. (wikipedia.org)

It is a dose-limited factor of cancer immunotherapy and affects the prognosis and quality of life [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
These two important mechanisms of approaching cancer, principally through the clinical application of the P53 tumor suppressor gene and other apoptotic players that for the past 15 years have been included in my cancer strategy as a diagnostic, prognosis, and follow up treatment. (biobran.org)
NK cell infiltration into tumor tissue is associated with better disease prognosis in colorectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and lung carcinomas ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
Intracranial metastases are common in nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, whose prognosis is very poor. (bvsalud.org)
Dr. Keenan notes that effector T cells align with positive outcomes, while suppressive myeloid cells and cytokine signals within the TME often signify a less favorable prognosis and resistance to immunotherapy. (oncologytube.com)
Your kappa price among radiography as well as CT using Adoptive T-cell immunotherapy necropsy prognosis ended up being Zero.Twenty for radiography, suggesting poor deal, and 0.4 with regard to CT, indicating outstanding contract. (ubiquitininhibitors.com)

Such progress is positioning gene and gene-modified cell therapy on the cusp of an extraordinary revolution in patient care for presently unmet medical needs - and a new therapeutic class that could rival monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in importance. (bioprocessintl.com)
Besides surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, immune activation by direct application of cytokines, antibodies or adoptive cell therapy are promising approaches. (frontiersin.org)
Therapeutic proteins, including monoclonal antibodies, are typically manufactured using clonally-derived, stable host cell lines, since consistent and predictable cell culture performance is highly desirable. (authorea.com)
IL-2 and IFN-γ), immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy (e.g., anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies), and adoptive T-cell transfer (e.g., chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy) [ 3 - 5 ]. (thno.org)
In addition, the following are also involved: antimicrobial peptides, natural antibodies, the complement system, NK cells, and gamma delta T lymphocytes [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Indeed, there are numerous trials underway exploring the use of novel antibodies that cut the brakes on the immune system, as well as vaccine approaches and genetically reprogramming immune cells so they can fight cancer, among other efforts. (letswinpc.org)

Among the components of TME, distinct populations of innate and adaptive immune cells consist of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). (biomedcentral.com)
However, increasing data has indicated that the clinical potential of most immunotherapies is usually hampered by immunosuppressive status of the tumor microenvironment (TME) [ 7 ]. (thno.org)
This change in T cell homing potential is affected by the microenvironment where initial antigen recognition occurred, as memory T cells preferentially return to regions of the body similar to those where the initial antigen was encountered [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bridget Keenan, MD, discusses the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its crucial role in cancer immunotherapy responses. (oncologytube.com)

In this study, we addressed feeder cell-free expansion methods using common γ-chain cytokines, especially IL-15 and IL-21. (frontiersin.org)
In vivo development and survival of NK cells require cytokines ( 6 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
In this context, cytokines have been shown to activate NK cells potently during ex vivo expansion ( 9 - 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
Interestingly, cytokines from type-2 innate immune cells, such as M2 macrophages or D2 dendritic cells exhibit a protective effect on both types of diabetes. (biobran.org)
However, CD56 dim NK cells can produce cytokines, specifically IFN-γ, after cell triggering via NKp46 of NKp30 activating receptors or after stimulation with combinations of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, TAMs usually display M2-like phenotypes that exert tumor-promoting role in TME, and promote production of related immunosuppressive factors that trigger immunotherapy resistance, including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and soluble signaling mediators [ 12 ]. (thno.org)
The crosstalk between pro-tumorigenic immune cells, stromal cells, and cytokines helps to establish the pre-metastatic niche for disseminated circulatory tumor cells and facilitates metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)

Electroporation of primary T cells with Alt-R RNP complex targeted to alpha chain of the T-cell receptor routinely results in over 80% knockout of surface TCR complex, without detectable toxicity ( Figure ). (genengnews.com)
The SARS-CoV-2 gain access to the cells on the airway mucosa by concentrating on the ACE2 receptor. (enmd-2076.com)
Moreover, the genetic engineering of macrophages with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) allows them to recognize tumor antigens and perform tumor cell-specific phagocytosis. (springer.com)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) NK and T cell therapy are promising immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of canc. (cn1699.cn)
We reasoned that a bias (either enrichment or depletion) of CSF T cell expression of known organ-specific trafficking determinants might suggest that homing of T cells to the subarachnoid space could be governed by a CNS-specific adhesion molecule or chemokine receptor. (biomedcentral.com)
For most serotypes, adenovirus infection is mediated by the high-affinity binding of the fiber-knob region to a receptor of target cell, named as the coxsackie-Ad receptor (CAR), which mainly determines the viral tropism [44]. (genemedi.com)
This binding process leads to the release of IL-1α and activation of IL-1 receptor, promoting chemokines production and attracting other innate immune cells to kill AdV infected MFs [61]. (genemedi.com)
Notably, CAR T cells targeting IL 13 receptor alpha 2 and GD2 showcased early success in glioblastoma and midline glioma, respectively, indicating a shift in the narrative for solid tumor treatments. (oncologytube.com)
Moreover, HSV engineered in gH of a scFv targeting the cancer-specific HER2 receptor, scFv-HER2-gH chimera, can enter, replicate and kill cancer cells efficiently [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

First of all, it is worth emphasizing that even with all the recent scientific advances and a number of FDA approvals in immunotherapy, we are still just scratching the surface of what can be done," says cancer immunology and immunotherapy expert Suzanne Topalian, MD , professor of surgery, and director of the melanoma program at the Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center. (aacr.org)
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda), a humanized monoclonal anti-PD-1 antibody, is the first anti-PD-1 antibody approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer [ 4 - 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Immunotherapeutic options have elicited a promising approach in some malignancies with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approving the first checkpoint inhibitor anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) ipilimumab for the treatment of melanoma ten years ago. (stanford.edu)
Reports of spontaneous regression and tumour infiltration with T-lymphocytes makes melanoma candidate for immunotherapies. (mdpi.com)
Kalbasi began by delving into the realm of tilt therapy, a longstanding approach for melanoma patients. (oncologytube.com)
Already, some patients with melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, head and neck cancers, and lymphoma are seeing its benefits, and the approach is showing promise in small cell lung cancer and ovarian cancer. (letswinpc.org)

An EGFR-VÎ´2 bispecific T-cell engager (bsTCE) was generated, and its capacity to activate VÎ³9VÎ´2 T cells and trigger antitumor activity was tested in multiple in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models. (bvsalud.org)
Blinatumomab is a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) targeting CD19 on malignant B cells and CD3 on normal host T cells. (hindawi.com)
solid course="kwd-title" Keywords: bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE), chimeric antigen receptors (Vehicles), gene-modified adoptive T-cell transfer, Atractylodin T-cell tumor therapy, tumor-specific epitope Intro Tumor cells communicate different epitopes and proteins on the surface area that differentiate them from healthful cells, either by degrees of manifestation or by uncovering novel epitopes not really seen in regular self. (techieindex.net)

During metastasis, tumor-derived exosomes help in the requirement and arrangement of immunosuppressive immune cells for favorable premetastatic niche formation and growth of metastases. (biomedcentral.com)
During the presentation, Dr. Keenan explores targeting the TME through immunotherapies, focusing on tumor metabolism and immunosuppressive myeloid cells. (oncologytube.com)

Accordingly, long-lived memory precursor effector T cells and antigen-specific T cells were increased by PD-1 blockade in intracranial lesions. (bvsalud.org)

and the innate immune cells contain natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Dendritic cells (DCs), activated macrophages, and activated B cells are all capable of presenting antigen peptides. (biomedcentral.com)

They can be activated rapidly via germ-line encoded receptors that recognize the presence of stress ligands or absence of self-antigens on target cells ( 1 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
In the last years higher attention focused on the role of immunoregulation both in the insulin production by β-cell of Langerhans-islets and in the insulin sensitivity (resistance) of insulin receptors. (biobran.org)
NK cell activation and the triggering of effector functions is governed by a complex set of activating and inhibitory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
Circulating memory T cells can be divided into tissue-specific subsets, which traffic through distinct tissue compartments during physiologic immune surveillance, based on their expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
The differentiation of naïve T cells into an activated memory phenotype is characterized by an extensive change in the expression of trafficking determinants, resulting in the acquisition of homing receptors that enable the cells to migrate from the circulation into peripheral tissues. (biomedcentral.com)

The data on the prognostic and predictive role of the tumor molecular biomarkers, as well as on clinically used and cellular therapy approaches and developing targeted drugs are presented, and the prospects for the future research are outlined. (cttjournal.com)

Cell-based therapy has expanded its influence in cancer immunotherapy, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and immune cells, such as T-cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells, have been favored candidates for regenerative medicine and cell-based cancer immunotherapy, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Unfortunately, these breakthrough discoveries in both regenerative medicine and cancer immunotherapy using cells as therapeutic reagents soon faced a common problem: the inability to control cellular functions to maximize the therapeutic benefits. (biomedcentral.com)
The developmental story of cell-based cancer immunotherapy is not so different from MSCs in regenerative medicine. (biomedcentral.com)

TIME possesses distinct populations of myeloid cells and lymphocytes to influence the immune escape of cancer, the response to immunotherapy, and the survival of patients. (biomedcentral.com)
TIME primarily consists of myeloid cells, lymphocytes and some other innate immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
First described in 1975, NK cells were initially identified as a distinct sub-population of lymphocytes by their capacity to spontaneously lyse tumor cells ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Most of them generally follow the same pathway to make immune-activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) abundantly infiltrate into tumor tissues and destroy tumor cells [ 6 ]. (thno.org)
We aimed to clarify whether soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) activated B cells may be loaded with HBcAg18-27 peptide and served as antigen-producing cells (APCs) to induce HBV-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, we provide evidence that the activated B cells may serve as APCs to present core peptide of HBV to cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). (biomedcentral.com)

OVT has its unique advantages and prospects, because oncolytic viruses (OVs) preferentially infect and replicate in tumor cells and destroy them, while leaving healthy cells largely untouched [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Macrophages, as one of the most abundant tumor-infiltrating cells, play an important role in tumor development and metastasis. (springer.com)

In the past decade, remarkable results have been obtained in clinical trials with immunotherapy for patients with advanced-stage cancer. (nature.com)
Using IDT reagents, a team of Stanford University scientists led by Matthew Porteus, M.D., Ph.D., demonstrated robust results in correcting sickle-cell mutations in bone marrow stem cells, potentiating translation into clinical trials. (genengnews.com)
Phase I and II clinical trials) for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) based on the underlying mutational drivers of each disease. (moffitt.org)
There are clinical trials in different classes of agents, and also, patients who are now being referred for immunotherapy trials," he says, although at this time there is not a standard treatment immunotherapy. (letswinpc.org)
This approach has been tested in a number of clinical trials, resulting in significant responses for patients with advanced blood cancers. (letswinpc.org)

An important class of innate immune cells that play a critical role in mediating the antitumor immune response is the natural killer (NK) cell. (frontiersin.org)

Conclusions: This specific report, based merely upon past and bodily examination, is a contrasting instrument pertaining to judgment out heart disease inside major care patients stressing of heart problems.Advocates of navigated fashionable HSP inhibitor clinical trial arthroplasty have suggested that it may increase the accurate regarding acetabular portion positioning. (bcl-2protein.com)
Based upon necropsy conclusions, 12 involving 07 calf muscles were influenced with otitis press, 4 unilaterally along with Six bilaterally. (ubiquitininhibitors.com)

In vitro results showed that compared with OHH NPs or NIR laser irradiation alone, this combination strategy can exert a synergistic effect on anti-K.Pneumoniae by destroying cell integrity with generating ROS and reducing ATP, and also inhibit the development of bacterial resistance. (authorea.com)
Indeed, similar to targeted therapy, patients may eventually develop resistance to immunotherapy [ 32 , 33 ] and some may even suffer hyperprogression after immunotherapy [ 34 , 35 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, new stem cell technologies entail enlisting immune cells as anticancer agents. (pas.va)
Lastly, some severe challenges related to functional nanomedicines for TAMs-focused cancer immunotherapy are proposed, and some feasible perspectives on clinical translation of TAMs-associated anticancer immunonanomedicines are provided. (thno.org)
TIME-related RNA or RNA regulators could be promising targets for anticancer immunotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
The complex interplay between cancer cells and the TIME influences the outcome of immunotherapy and other anticancer therapy (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

In the last years, adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells came into the focus of translational medicine, because of their high cytotoxic potential against transformed malignant cells. (frontiersin.org)

Subsequently, a part of the exogenous naked mRNA or complexed mRNA will go through cell-specific mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
A summary of current TAMs-targeting immunotherapeutic mechanisms based on functional nanomedicines for TAMs elimination and/or repolarization is further presented. (thno.org)
Furthermore, the ready access of skin- and gut-homing CD4+ memory T cells to the CNS compartment via CSF has implications for the mechanisms of action of immunotherapeutic strategies, such as oral tolerance or therapeutic immunization, where immunogens are administered using an oral or subcutaneous route. (biomedcentral.com)
While trafficking of T cells to the skin and gut is well characterized, less is known about the mechanisms governing homing of T cells across the choroid plexus into the CSF during immune surveillance of the healthy brain [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
His laboratory focuses on understanding mechanisms of immune evasion by cancer cells. (stanfordhealthcare.org)

Methods A model system using OT-I T cells and an ovalbumin expressing MB49 tumor cell line (MB49OVA) was developed to study ACT in bladder cancer. (bmj.com)

for example, there are inconsistent views 24 on the intratumoral γδ T-cell signature as the most favorable prognostic biomarker 25 of cancers and discussions on the pro- and antitumor activities of γδ T cells. (nature.com)
The emergence of multifunctional nanomaterials can expectedly endow these therapeutic cargoes with high solubility, favorable pharmacokinetic distribution, cell-specific delivery, and controlled release. (thno.org)

VÎ³9VÎ´2 T cells could be activated by EGFR-VÎ´2 bsTCEs to mediate lysis of various EGFR+ patient-derived tumor samples, and substantial tumor growth inhibition and improved survival were observed in in vivo xenograft mouse models using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as effector cells. (bvsalud.org)

TLRs are localized in the endosomal compartment of cells, such as DCs and macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages hold the potential to engulf tumor cells. (springer.com)
Wei X, Wang J, Liang M, Song M. Development of functional nanomedicines for tumor associated macrophages-focused cancer immunotherapy. (thno.org)
Clinical cancer immunotherapies are usually impeded by tumor immunosuppression driven by tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). (thno.org)

We found that VÎ³9VÎ´2 T cells from peripheral blood and tumor specimens of patients with EGFR+ cancers had a distinct immune checkpoint expression profile characterized by low levels of PD-1, LAG-3, and TIM-3. (bvsalud.org)
Based on these results, CD1d-VÎ´2 bsTCE (LAVA-051) is now evaluated in a phase 1/2a study in patients with therapy refractory CLL, MM, or AML. (bvsalud.org)
Second, we will see a continued research emphasis on, and potentially additional FDA approvals for, biomarkers that will allow us to identify patients who are most likely to respond to immunotherapies (companion diagnostics), Topalian speculates. (aacr.org)
As an example, when identifying patients most suitable for PD-1 inhibitor therapy, instead of just looking at PD-L1 expression in tumor biopsies, which may exclude some patients who could benefit from this therapy, combining PD-L1 expression results with scoring the presence of certain kinds of immune cells in the tumor may be a better approach, she explains. (aacr.org)
furthermore, the expanded γδ T cells were adoptively transferred into late-stage liver and lung cancer patients. (nature.com)
Furthermore, a phase I clinical trial in 132 late-stage cancer patients with a total of 414 cell infusions unequivocally validated the clinical safety of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. (nature.com)
In 2005, the first-ever trial combining small molecular targeted agent known as bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody, with doublet chemotherapy, had shown superiority of overall survival with this treatment modality in advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer patients without brain metastasis [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In 2014, an official announcement from Pfizer indicated the trial failure of dacomitinib in patients with refractory advanced non-small cell lung cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
TIME influences the immune escape of cancer, the response to immunotherapy, and the survival rate of patients. (biomedcentral.com)
In patients with no BRAF mutation (ie, wild-type BRAF ), current guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommend single-agent immunotherapy with the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor pembrolizumab or nivolumab or combination therapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab. (medscape.com)
The goal of this research ended up being decide the regularity associated with habits, cigarette smoking along with alcohol consumption in patients Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma together with epidermis, sex submission, and also the connection regarding habits with the seriousness of the condition. (tucatinibinhibitor.com)
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells are an important component of the TIME and are a significant predictor of cancer patients' survival. (biomedcentral.com)
Dr. Lim's bibliography contains well over 200 articles on topics such as immunotherapy for glioblastoma, long-term survival of glioma patients treated with stereotactic radiation, and treatment of neuropathic pain. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
However, "more than 95 percent of pancreas cancer patients still are unable to take advantage of immunotherapy," he says. (letswinpc.org)
Adoptive T Cell Transfer: This technique involves collecting and using patients' own immune cells to treat their cancer. (letswinpc.org)

We show that CD1d is expressed by the majority of patient MM, (myelo)monocytic AML, and CLL cells and that the bsTCE triggers type 1 NKT and VÎ³9VÎ´2-T cell-mediated antitumor activity against these patient tumor cells and improves survival in in vivo AML, MM, and T-ALL mouse models. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, ex vivo NK cell expansion protocols are currently being developed. (frontiersin.org)
In a proof of concept in vivo study, we also observed a therapeutic effect of adoptively transferred IL-15 expanded and IL-21 boosted NK cells in combination with image guided high precision radiation therapy using a luciferase-transduced RMS xenograft model. (frontiersin.org)
In summary, this two-phased feeder cell-free ex vivo culturing protocol combined efficient expansion and high cytolytic functionality of NK cells for treatment of radiation-resistant RMS. (frontiersin.org)
More importantly, activated B cells may also prime naive T-cell responses against neoantigens ex vivo as DCs do [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

However, the accumulation of evidence suggests that immunotherapy also induces severe and complex neurologic immune-related adverse events (ir-AEs) and even leads to immunotherapy-related death, which arouses the concern of clinicians. (hindawi.com)
AdV vector in blood activates vascular endothelial cells to release von Willebrand factor (vWF), induces platelets to expose the adhesion molecule P-selectin, and promotes the formation of platelet-leukocyte, ultimately leading to thrombocytopenia and bleeding [48]. (genemedi.com)

We asked experts in cancer precision medicine, immunotherapy, and prevention what breakthroughs we might expect to see in 2016 that would steer the field toward achieving the goals of the vice president. (aacr.org)

In clinical practice, cancer immunotherapies have been well developed in recent years, mainly including cytokine therapy (e.g. (thno.org)

ECOG1594 was the first trial comparing four different chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) head to head [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The platinum-based doublet chemotherapy seemed to reach the plateau since then. (biomedcentral.com)
Systemic ACT-treated mice were given T cells intravenously after lymphodepleting chemotherapy and followed by interleukin (IL)-2 administration. (bmj.com)
Intravesical ACT treated mice were given T cells directly into the bladder, without chemotherapy or IL-2. (bmj.com)

Gene therapy is the transfer of genetic material to a patient's cells to achieve a therapeutic effect. (bioprocessintl.com)
Of the four types, mRNA-based therapy is the only type which is based on triggering synthesis of proteins within cells, making it particularly useful in vaccine development. (wikipedia.org)
New therapeutic concepts in anti-tumor therapy aim to modulate the patient's immune system to increase its aggressiveness or targeted effects toward tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
A main challenge of NK cell therapy is that it requires a high amount of functional NK cells. (frontiersin.org)
Kymriah is the first CAR-T therapy based on CD19 approved by the FDA in 2017 [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cell surface engineering to provide new characteristics and functions to cells has drawn continuous interest from researchers in biomedical science as cell therapy has emerged as a prominent therapeutic strategy equivalent and complementary to the conventional therapeutic approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
CAR-T cell therapy has achieved outstanding progresses in clinical observations, which makes it even more attractive in the development of cancer adoptive immunotherapy. (ijbs.com)
Advancements in RNA-based technology have improved understanding of the complexity and diversity of the TIME and its effects on therapy. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, we discussed the potential immunotherapeutic strategies based on lncRNAs and their limitations. (biomedcentral.com)
To date, diverse immunotherapeutic modalities have been accepted as viable strategies for eliminating cancerous cells. (frontiersin.org)

In this Perspective, June, Bluestone and Warshauer discuss potential cellular and molecular explanations for the autoimmunity often associated with immunotherapy, and propose additional research and changes to reporting practices to aid efforts to understand and minimize these toxic side effects. (nature.com)
Thus, TAMs can be considered as a promising therapeutic target for improved immunotherapy, and TAMs-focused molecular targeting agents have made ideal progress in clinical practice. (thno.org)
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive variant of breast malignancies, being a heterogeneous group with various molecular abnormalities that require differentiated approach to diagnosis and treatment. (cttjournal.com)
Moreover, novel molecular biology approaches, first introduced by Perou et al. (cttjournal.com)

Additionally, a 11-year prospective cohort study of Japanese inhabitants linked low peripheral-blood NK cell cytotoxicity with increased cancer risk ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)

As a terminal cell type, B cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can usually be cultured for 2-3 weeks only, which limits the application of B cells as APCs. (biomedcentral.com)

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, with its intense pressure for accelerated development strategies, we used a novel transposon-based Leap-In Transposase® system to rapidly generate high-titer stable pools and then used them directly for large scale-manufacturing of an anti-SARS-CoV2 monoclonal antibody under cGMP. (authorea.com)

Zhou XF, Liu XR, Huang L. Macrophage-mediated tumor cell phagocytosis: opportunity for nanomedicine intervention. (springer.com)

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the standard of care in multiple aspects of oncology. (bvsalud.org)

Antigen-specific CD40L-activated B cells may efficiently endocytose and present antigens, such as protein, RNA, and cDNA, to prime primary T cells and boost robust memory T-cell responses [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Vaccines vary with some comprised of cancer cells, parts of cells, or pure antigens. (letswinpc.org)
While both techniques showed specific reactions towards the epitope as exposed by T cell-mediated cytokine launch and focus on cell lysis, CAR-targeted T cells had been even more delicate than BiTE-targeted T cells to low amounts of antigens per cell. (techieindex.net)

The aim of immunotherapy is to treat cancer by enabling the immune system to attack the tumour. (nature.com)
With their ability to detect and directly destroy virally infected or malignant cells, natural killer (NK) cells form an important part of the first line defense of the immune system. (frontiersin.org)
Nanovaccines can improve antigen presentation, targeted delivery, stimulation of the body's innate immune system, and a strong T-cell response without putting people at risk. (researchgate.net)
Cancer is not a chaotic malignant cell mass, but a delicate "hostile" organ, where many other cells are recruited and domesticated to become "accomplices", thereby protecting themselves from recognition and attack by the immune system [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Until recently, the human immune system was often thwarted by cancer cells and their ability to grow and spread seemingly unchecked. (letswinpc.org)
But in the last two decades, inroads made in immunotherapy-treatments designed to harness a patient's own immune system to unmask and destroy these deadly cancer cells-have led to some remarkable successes. (letswinpc.org)

Anatomy29

Organisms19

Diseases39

Chemicals and Drugs81

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment56

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes33

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities2

Information Science2

Health Care6

Tumors31

Checkpoint inhibitors9

Therapies9

Inhibitors1

Therapeutic strategies7

Immunity9

Efficacy13

Cancer vaccines1

Prognosis6

Antibodies6

Microenvironment4

Cytokines7

Receptor9

Melanoma6

Bispecific T-cell engager3

Immunosuppressive2

Antigen-specific T cells1

Dendritic2

Receptors5

Cellular therapy1

Regenerative medicine4

Lymphocytes6

Oncolytic Viruses1

Role in tumor1

Clinical trials5

Innate immune cells1

Conclusions2

Resistance2

Anticancer4

Translational medicine1

Mechanisms5

Bladder cancer1

Favorable2

Effector cells1

Macrophages4

Patients15

Vivo5

Induces2

20161

Cytokine therapy1

Chemotherapy4

Therapy8

Immunotherapeutic2

Molecular4

Cytotoxicity1

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells1

Monoclonal1

Nanomedicine1

Oncology1

Antigens3

Immune system6