Adjuvant alum. Medical search. Frequent questions

Advances in our understanding of the determinants of protective immunity and immunological memory, of the mechanisms by which adjuvants affect the quality and magnitude of immunological responses, and of microbial genomics, offer the promise for new and more effective vaccines in the near future. (nature.com)
An adjuvant is an ingredient used in some vaccines that helps create a stronger immune response in people receiving the vaccine. (cdc.gov)
In other words, adjuvants help vaccines work better. (cdc.gov)
Some vaccines that are made from weakened or killed germs contain naturally occurring adjuvants and help the body produce a strong protective immune response. (cdc.gov)
Adjuvants have been used safely in vaccines for decades. (cdc.gov)
In all cases, vaccines containing adjuvants are tested for safety and effectiveness in clinical trials before they are licensed for use in the United States, and these vaccines are continuously monitored by CDC and FDA once they are approved. (cdc.gov)
Several different adjuvants are used in U.S. vaccines. (cdc.gov)
Aluminum-containing adjuvants are vaccine ingredients that have been used in vaccines since the 1930s. (cdc.gov)
Other technologic breakthroughs should result in effective adjuvants for use with killed and live vaccines, increasing the number of available doses. (cdc.gov)
Aluminum oxyhydroxide (alum) is a crystalline compound widely used as an immunological adjuvant of vaccines. (flutrackers.com)
The association with DTwP vaccines and increased infant mortality in females may be due to vaccine adjuvants and Th2 polarizing effects. (greenmedinfo.com)
Many drugs and vaccines rely on adjuvants like the one Ghosh's team discovered, but they often have side effects. (ibj.com)
Several substances have been tested as adjuvant to render vaccines more effective. (sld.cu)
For a considerable time, aluminium compounds were one of the few adjuvants licensed for use in human vaccines (2, 3). (sld.cu)
Aluminium salts are common adjuvants in vaccines given to children. (ageofautism.com)
For example, paediatricians, responsible for administering the vaccine schedule for children, seem in particular, to be uninformed about the properties of aluminium adjuvants and their mode of action in vaccines. (ageofautism.com)
Currently about 20 childhood vaccines include an aluminium adjuvant. (ageofautism.com)
They prepare acid digests of the adjuvants and measure their total aluminium using ICP MS. This is not explained in the literature they provide with vaccines and can cause confusion for some as the actual weight of hydrated aluminium salt (e.g. aluminium oxyhydroxide, aluminium hydroxyphosphate and aluminium hydroxyphosphatesulphate) in any vaccine preparation is actually approximately ten fold higher. (ageofautism.com)
Alum-adjuvanted acellular pertussis vaccines (aPV) delivered intramuscularly reduce bacterial numbers in the lungs of immunized animals and humans, but do not reduce nasal colonization. (figshare.com)
A few new adjuvants have been licensed for use in human vaccines since the 1990s. (tdl.org)
Poly B conjugated vaccines have elicited Ab immune response in animal models (different potency according to formulation adjuvant, dose, etc.)but not SBA. (cdc.gov)
To handle this challenge, many under investigational vaccines are mixed with a potent adjuvant as an immune modulator agent in parallel with HBs antigen [19]. (nanobe.org)
Heplisav differs from currently licensed hepatitis B vaccines in its adjuvant, a toll-like receptor 9 agonist that elicits hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs)-specific antibodies against the hepatitis B virus . (medscape.com)
Current hepatitis vaccines use alum as an adjuvant, which stimulate a more general inflammatory response to mechanical disruption of cell membranes and is therefore less specific for anti-HBs production. (medscape.com)

The mechanism by which vaccine adjuvants enhance immune responses has historically been considered to be the creation of an antigen depot. (mdpi.com)
The identification of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) has greatly advanced our understanding of how adjuvants work beyond the simple concept of extended antigen release and has accelerated the development of novel adjuvants. (mdpi.com)
As for GAD65 antigen (GAD-alum) treatment per se in new onset T1D, an initial 2008 report of 70 patients was auspicious insofar as residual beta-cell function over 30 months was somewhat preserved. (nature.com)
Other aspect of adjuvant mechanism of action comprises: improving antigen presentation, inducing the production of immunomodulatory cytokines and increasing lifespan of activated T cells (1, 5). (sld.cu)
But in four of the five trials, Gardasil placebos contained a substance called an adjuvant , "a substance which enhances the body's immune response to an antigen. (ageofautism.com)
Efficient antigen cross-presentation through coating conventional alum" by Hongyan Ren, Yongbin Mou et al. (providence.org)
Efficient antigen cross-presentation through coating conventional aluminum adjuvant particles with PEI. (providence.org)
Classical aluminum adjuvant is a deficient antigen carrier for cross-presentation and cross-priming of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. (providence.org)
Here we found that coating conventional aluminum adjuvants with polyethyleneimine (PEI) could enhance antigen cross-presentation of DCs (dendritic cells) in vitro and in vivo. (providence.org)
Adjuvants can increase the magnitude and durability of the immune response generated by the vaccine antigen. (tdl.org)
Meanwhile, the potential of biogenic SeNPs as an immunomodulatory agent besides the conventional adjuvant in the formulation of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine model has been studied in our previous research, and results showed a promising potential for these nanoparticles to be used in the vaccine formulation [8]. (nanobe.org)
Although alum is used as a common adjuvant in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine formulation to induce a humoral immune response, it is less effective in stimulating a Th1 response [17, 18]. (nanobe.org)

The name "alum" is also used, more generally, for salts with the same formula and structure, except that aluminium is replaced by another trivalent metal ion like chromiumIII, and/or sulfur is replaced by another chalcogen like selenium. (wikipedia.org)
Industry does this to account for the fact that there are no strict molecular weights for the polymeric aluminium salts that are used as adjuvants in vaccinations. (ageofautism.com)
Aluminum salts (Alum) remain the main adjuvant licensed for human use. (tdl.org)
This is very well known that the most common adjuvant for human use is aluminum salts such as hydroxide and phosphate [16]. (nanobe.org)

The immune adjuvant effect of olive, soybean and corn oils in Swiss mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) plus aluminum hydroxide or emulsified in Marcol, soybean, olive or corn oils was evaluated through the OVA-specific antibodies determined by ELISA and Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis. (sld.cu)
Here, we describe DCFHP, a ferritin-based, protein-nanoparticle vaccine candidate that, when formulated with aluminum hydroxide as the sole adjuvant (DCFHP-alum), elicits potent and durable neutralizing antisera in non-human primates against known VOCs, including Omicron BQ.1, as well as against SARS-CoV-1. (stanford.edu)

An alum (/ˈæləm/) is a type of chemical compound, usually a hydrated double sulfate salt of aluminium with the general formula XAl(SO 4) 2·12 H 2O, where X is a monovalent cation such as potassium or ammonium. (wikipedia.org)
In most industries, the name "alum" (or "papermaker's alum") is used to refer to aluminium sulfate, Al 2 (SO 4) 3·n H 2O, which is used for most industrial flocculation: 766 (the variable n is an integer whose size depends on the amount of water absorbed into the alum). (wikipedia.org)
In medicine, "alum" may also refer to aluminium hydroxide gel used as a vaccine adjuvant. (wikipedia.org)
From the name schiston and the mode of formation, it appears that this kind was the salt that forms spontaneously on certain salty minerals, as alum slate and bituminous shale, and consists chiefly of sulfates of iron and aluminium. (wikipedia.org)
766 : 31-40 In 1767, Torbern Bergman observed the need for potassium or ammonium sulfates to convert aluminium sulfate into alum, while sodium or calcium would not work. (wikipedia.org)
Towards an understanding of the adjuvant action of aluminium. (smw.ch)
The adjuvant effect of the vegetable oils was shown to be more effective than aluminium hydroxide. (sld.cu)
An appreciation of how much aluminium is present in a single injection of a vaccine is critical to understanding how aluminium adjuvants are effective in stimulating the immune response. (ageofautism.com)

The team believes that the vaccine containing a recombinant RBD protein with its novel 3M-052 adjuvant formulation may be potent against SARS-CoV-2, including the newly emerging variants. (news-medical.net)
Since the antigens are purified recombinant proteins, Gardasil9 needs a potent adjuvant to enhance the initiation of the immune response through activation of innate immunity of the host to generate high and sustained levels of antibodies for maintaining efficacy of vaccination. (sanevax.org)

These findings provided an alternative approach to promote the rapid translation of alumina nanoparticles adjuvants into clinical application. (providence.org)

The researchers from Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI), 3M and Texas Children's Hospital's Center for Vaccine Development at Baylor College of Medicine were the first to show combining yeast-expression technology and a new adjuvant formulation to produce a COVID-19 vaccine candidate. (news-medical.net)
The researchers paired Baylor's SARS-CoV-2 RBD recombinant protein formulation vaccine with IDRI's aluminum-based formulation of 3M's Toll-like receptor 7 and 8 agonist 3M-052 (3M-052/Alum) to enhance the immune response against SARS-CoV-2, increasing the vaccine's efficacy against COVID-19. (news-medical.net)
By testing the vaccine on rhesus macaques, the team found that the 3M-052/Alum formulation induced a significant and robust overall immune response than alum alone. (news-medical.net)
Conclusions Boosting ChAdOx1-S-primed adults with SCB-2019 induced higher levels of antibodies against a wild-type strain and SARS-CoV-2 variants than a homologous ChAdOx1-S booster, highest responses being with the 30 μg SCB-2019+CpG+alum formulation. (medrxiv.org)
For instance, in some non-responder patients who get the alum alone vaccine formulation, the virus interferes with cytokine production, leading to a defect in interferon (IFN) production and weakening cellular immune response [7]. (nanobe.org)

The alumen of the ancients, then, was not always potassium alum, not even an alkali aluminum sulfate. (wikipedia.org)

Other alums are named after the monovalent ion, such as sodium alum and ammonium alum. (wikipedia.org)

766-767 Alum and green vitriol (iron sulfate) both have sweetish and astringent taste, and they had overlapping uses. (wikipedia.org)

His research shows that this modern metal, and its salt form alum, is neurotoxic - and ubiquitous as an additive in many foods, bakery, infant formula milk power, cosmetics, medications, tap water, and it is even in polluted air we breathe in our busy streets. (positivehealth.com)

To enable global accessibility, we generated a cell line that can enable production of thousands of vaccine doses per liter of cell culture and show that DCFHP-alum maintains potency for at least 14 days at temperatures exceeding standard room temperature. (stanford.edu)

We are investigating the use of this TLR2 ligand, PorB, as a vaccine adjuvant using classic antigens i.e. (bu.edu)
Usually this obstacle has been overcome through the use of adjuvants whose study has been revealed as an attractive approach for enhancing immune responses, mainly when the immunogens are purified subunit antigens (1). (sld.cu)
These adjuvants, however, neither stimulate a strong antibody response to all antigens nor stimulate cellular specific response, which is required to protect animals against virus and other intracellular infectious agents (2, 3). (sld.cu)

Newer adjuvants have been developed to target specific components of the body's immune response, so that protection against disease is stronger and lasts longer. (cdc.gov)
It was an adjuvant, a substance that primed the body's immune system to successfully respond to a vaccine for malaria - and, the company would come to learn, a variety of other ailments. (juancole.com)

Results All SCB-2019 formulations increased S-protein ELISA antibodies and ACE2 binding inhibition to a greater extent than ChAdOx1-S. After 30 μg SCB-2019+CpG+alum titers against wild-type S-protein were significantly higher than after ChAdOx1-S on Days 15 and 29, as were titers of neutralizing antibodies against wild-type strain and Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants. (medrxiv.org)

citation needed] Alum was the most common mordant (substance used to set dyes on fabrics) used in the dye industry in the Islamic middle ages. (wikipedia.org)
This mechanism is also responsible for the adjuvant properties of alum [5] and the pathogenicity of fibrillar amyloid-β, a particulate substance associated with Alzheimer's disease [6] . (invivogen.com)
br/>Source: Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, and Related Terms [[category: geology]] A type of immune adjuvant (a substance used to help boost the immune response to a vaccine). (webref.org)

Here, we investigated the adjuvant effects of VSA-1, a newly developed semisynthetic analog of QS-21, on promoting protection in mice after vaccination with the inactivated split virus vaccine. (tdl.org)
The adjuvant effects of VSA-1 on enhancing heterosubtypic protection after two doses of adjuvanted vaccination were comparable to those of QS-21. (tdl.org)
Overall, the findings in this study suggest that VSA-1 exhibits desirable adjuvant properties and a unique pattern of innate and adaptive immune responses, contributing to improved homologous and heterosubtypic protection by inactivated split influenza vaccination in mice. (tdl.org)
We immunized a cohort of macaques with 5xCTB-V2c vaccine+alum intramuscularly simultaneously with topical intrarectal vaccination of CTB-V2c vaccine without alum (5xCTB-V2/alum). (bvsalud.org)

By itself, "alum" often refers to potassium alum, with the formula KAl(SO 4) 2·12 H 2O. (wikipedia.org)
The production of potassium alum from alunite is archaeologically attested on the island Lesbos. (wikipedia.org)
Native alumen from the island of Melos appears to have been a mixture mainly of alunogen (Al 2(SO 4) 3·17 H 2O) with potassium alum and other minor sulfates. (wikipedia.org)
a solution of ordinary (potassium) alum would possess no such property. (wikipedia.org)
Syn: potash alum # A former name for kalinite and potassium alum. (webref.org)

Together, these data show that a yeast expressed, RBD-based vaccine+3M-052-alum provides robust immune responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2, making it a strong and scalable vaccine candidate,' the researchers noted in the study. (news-medical.net)
We are still investigating the genes induced and shall compare these results to results obtained with other adjuvants (both TLR dependent and independent) to determine if these results can be used to correlate with different responses induced by various adjuvants (i.e. (bu.edu)
We showed previously that modification of a commercial aPV (Boostrix) by addition of the Th1/17 polarizing adjuvant Bordetella Colonization Factor A (BcfA) attenuated Th2 responses elicited by alum and accelerated clearance of B. pertussis from mouse lungs. (figshare.com)

Brain translocation of alum particles is linked to a Trojan horse mechanism previously described for infectious particles (HIV, HCV), that obeys to CCL2, signaling the major inflammatory monocyte chemoattractant. (flutrackers.com)

Following a booster ~one year after the initial immunization, DCFHP-alum elicits a robust anamnestic response. (stanford.edu)

The error was soon corrected by J.H. Pott and A.S. Marggraf, who showed that the precipitate obtained when an alkali is poured into a solution of alum, namely alumina, is quite different from lime and chalk, and is one of the ingredients in common clay. (wikipedia.org)
41-66 Marggraf also showed that perfect crystals with properties of alum can be obtained by dissolving alumina in sulfuric acid and adding potash or ammonia to the concentrated solution. (wikipedia.org)

Successful compartmentalization of particles within double membrane autophagosomes and subsequent fusion with repaired and re-acidified lysosomes will expose alum to lysosomal acidic pH, the sole factor that can solubilize alum particles. (flutrackers.com)

was conducted in UK to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of EN41-UGR7C in Alum (3 IM injections, 3 months of F-U) in 24 healthy female volunteers. (europa.eu)
Nevertheless, there is an established way through which to increase the immunogenicity of immunotherapy-by the use of adjuvants. (mdpi.com)
Methods We assessed immunogenicity and reactogenicity of booster doses of different formulations of alum-adjuvanted SCB-2019 vaccine (9 μg SCB-2019 with or without CpG-1018 adjuvant, or 30 μg SCB-2019 with CpG-1018) in Brazilian adults primed with ChAdOx1-S vector vaccine. (medrxiv.org)

One of the most widely used adjuvants, alum, has recently come under attack as a possible cause for brain disorders. (ibj.com)

In the last half of the century, a large amount of substances has been used as immune adjuvant. (sld.cu)

We have found that the major outer membrane protein of these organisms, the Neisserial porin PorB, can work as an immune adjuvant due to it recognition by the pattern recognition receptor TOLL-like receptor (TLR) 2. (bu.edu)

In this review we use influenza vaccine as a model in a discussion of the different mechanisms of action of the available adjuvants. (smw.ch)

766 The composition of common alum was finally determined by Vauquelin in 1797. (wikipedia.org)

Given the low GABA dose for this pediatric trial, future investigations using higher-dose or long-acting GABA formulations, either alone or with GAD-alum, could be considered, although GABA alone or in combination with GAD-alum did nor preserve beta-cell function in this trial. (nature.com)

preparation-which is prepared by processing raw PR with licorice, lime, and alum as adjuvant materials-promotes sleep and sedation in mice by increasing REM sleep. (hindawi.com)

vegetable oils, adjuvants, antibody synthesis. (sld.cu)
The adjuvant effects of VSA-1 on improving vaccine efficacy after prime immunization were evident as shown by significantly higher levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers and enhanced homologous protection compared to those by QS-21 and Alum adjuvants. (tdl.org)

GSK patented the adjuvant and took control of the supply of the ingredients in it. (juancole.com)

Our study supports the testing of an RBD-based immunogen adjuvanted with 3M-052-alum in human trials might offer as a cost-effective, scalable and thermostable SARS-CoV-2 vaccine,' the team concluded in the study. (news-medical.net)

Adjuvants help the body to produce an immune response strong enough to protect the person from the disease he or she is being vaccinated against. (cdc.gov)
PorB induced a greater breadth of response in this regard as compared to Alum, MF59 and MPL. (bu.edu)

We have shown that PorB adjuvant activity is absolutely MyD88 dependent and also largely dependent on the presence of TLR2 (even though there is still some adjuvant activity in TLR2 KO mice). (bu.edu)
Utilizing conditional KO mice (using the Cre-Lox system) we have discerned that MyD88 signaling in B cells, Dendritic Cells (DC) and Macrophages are essential for the PorB adjuvant activity. (bu.edu)

The most common of these analogs is chrome alum KCr(SO 4) 2·12 H 2O. (wikipedia.org)

DCFHP-alum has potential as a once-yearly (or less frequent) booster vaccine, and as a primary vaccine for pediatric use including in infants. (stanford.edu)

Anatomy3

Chemicals and Drugs6

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Vaccines24

Antigen12

Salts4

Aluminum hydroxide2

Aluminium8

Potent2

Nanoparticles1

Formulation5

Alkali aluminum sulfate1

Sodium alum1

Sulfate1

Neurotoxic1

Potency1

Antigens3

Body's immune2

Antibodies1

Substance3

Vaccination4

Potassium5

Responses3

Mechanism1

Elicits1

Alumina2

Particles1

Immunogenicity3

Widely1

Substances1

Protein1

Mechanisms1

Composition1

Formulations1

Lime1

Antibody2

Ingredients1

Trials1

Response2

Mice2

Common1

Booster1