• In addition, other factors may play an important role in the development of overweight/obesity. (opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com)
  • The aim of this research was to build a predictive model based on genetic and hepatic health information, deeming insulin resistance markers in order to personalize dietary treatment in overweight/obese subjects with NAFLD.METHODS: A 6-month nutritional intervention was conducted in 86 overweight/obese volunteers with NAFLD randomly assigned to 2 energy-restricted diets: the American Heart Association (AHA) diet and the Fatty Liver in Obesity (FLiO) diet. (unav.edu)
  • 2 Currently, international experts consensus have proposed the more comprehensive and practical nomenclature of "metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)", which is defined by evidence of hepatic steatosis plus one of the following three criteria: overweight/obesity, presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), or evidence of metabolic dysregulation. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the association between a genetic profile risk score for obesity GRS and cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese women. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Another study from our group demonstrated lower energy availability (calculated based on caloric content of circulating metabolic fuel concentrations) in the fasting and late post-prandial periods in 8 overweight or obese young adults who were maintained on a low-fat (high-carbohydrate) diet (Walsh et al). (blogspot.com)
  • It is likely that a genetic predisposition to metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance interacts with environmental influences, such as childhood nutritional status, lifestyle, dietary composition, and gut microbiome. (medscape.com)
  • Although the average weight difference attributable to common FTO variants is relatively modest, FTO is among the strongest known common genetic risk factors for obesity. (medscape.com)
  • Before any clinical applications for genetic testing for FTO variants can be considered, the mechanistic link between FTO and obesity needs to be further clarified. (medscape.com)
  • Modifying effect of physical activity on genetic predisposition to obesity]. (cdc.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development is linked to insulin resistance and influenced by environmental fac-tors, but it also underlined a genetic predisposition. (unav.edu)
  • Obesity is a disease of multifactorial etiology, resulting from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. (scirp.org)
  • However, manifestations of the same genetic polymorphisms in different groups of people increase those individuals' predisposition to NAFLD. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • It has been proposed that genetic factors have protected this population in the past and allowed them to withstand conditions of deprivation, though if exposed to greater levels of food intake they are more susceptible to developing obesity as a result. (citizendium.org)
  • Twin studies can be very useful for investigation of the gene-environment interactions of obesity [5] Using twins shows whether the already known inter-individual effects of changes in energy balance or dietary interventions are due to genetic factors. (citizendium.org)
  • Furthermore, genetic predisposition has been identified as a significant predictor of CVDs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In certain case, obesity is partially contributed by the key factors like age, psychiatric disorder, genetic predisposition (Ghee 2016). (siftdesk.org)
  • However, better understanding the correlations and eventually the potential causal link existing between the intestinal microbial community and the onset of metabolic disorders requires a comprehensive knowledge of the gut microbiota. (bmj.com)
  • 10,17 Translating these numbers into the more common and useful English system, waist circumferences of 36 and 40 are indicators of weight- and fat- related metabolic disorders and cardiovascular risks. (fitnessrxformen.com)
  • Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome an inherited syndrome of progressive bulbar palsy with any of several cranial nerve disorders. (topgrowupclinic.eu)
  • This review highlights the evidence for the involvement of ECM molecules in reward learning, including drug reward and natural reward such as food, as well as evidence regarding the pathophysiological state of the brain's ECM in substance use disorders and metabolic disorders. (frontiersin.org)
  • Growing evidence supports the involvement of ECM molecules in reward processes involved in high fat, high calorie diets that may contribute to metabolic disorders including obesity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Evidence from over two decades of research indicates that the ECM is regulated by rewarding substances in a complex experience-dependent manner which may impact interpretation of the disease processes in SUD and metabolic disorders as well as treatment strategies. (frontiersin.org)
  • The incidence of metabolic disorders in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) endemic settings is a prevailing burden in developing countries. (sajhivmed.org.za)
  • Ha and colleagues [ 25 ] searched for factors associated with NAFLD in healthy Asian persons and found that visceral adiposity rendered nonobese persons more susceptible to NAFLD, compared with subcutaneous fat and BMI. (medscape.com)
  • To evaluate the clinical accuracy of novel indices visceral adiposity index (VAI) and body adiposity index (BAI) to identify patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and compare with its individual components and other obesity indicators. (qxmd.com)
  • A factor that predisposes MONW persons, as well as more obese individuals, to insulin resistance is central fat distribution-subtle alterations in total body fat and in the regional distribution of adiposity. (medscape.com)
  • Fracanzani and colleagues [ 26 ] compared metabolic alterations in 431 patients with NAFLD with and without central/visceral obesity. (medscape.com)
  • The investigators concluded that patients with normal waist circumference, despite milder metabolic alterations, may have NASH and are at risk of developing fibrosis. (medscape.com)
  • This could be attributed to the metabolic alterations caused by HIV infection itself and/or to the long-term use of ART. (sajhivmed.org.za)
  • Increased I-FABP expression in the ileal region of the intestine is correlated significantly with higher fat contents in the diet, indicating that higher I-FABP expression occurs due to increased demand of enterocytes to transport lipids, leading to metabolic alterations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In summary, there is an association between the expression of I-FABP and HF diet-induced metabolic alterations, indicating that I-FABP can be used as a biomarker for intestinal barrier dysfunction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Effect of FABP2 gene G54A polymorphism on lipid and glucose metabolism in simple obesity children]. (cdc.gov)
  • Insulin resistance, as indicated by an impaired biological response to insulin and hence a reduced insulin-mediated glucose disposal ( 13 ), has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome ( 7 ). (atsjournals.org)
  • This cross-sectional study, stratified for age and gender, determined cardio-metabolic abnormalities by administered questionnaires, clinical measurements and biochemical analyses, including oral glucose tolerance tests. (qxmd.com)
  • Gut microbiota is an environmental factor that regulates adiposity and glucose tolerance in mice and humans," the researchers explain in the introduction to their study paper. (medicationjunction.com)
  • Our data suggest that flaxseed fiber supplementation affects host metabolism by increasing energy expenditure and reducing obesity as well as by improving glucose tolerance. (medicationjunction.com)
  • Therefore, they considered the presence of NAFLD to be a meaningful predictor of metabolic diseases in the nonobese population. (medscape.com)
  • The subsequent identification of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its activation by exercise and fuel deprivation have led to studies of the effects of AMPK on both IR and metabolic syndrome-related diseases. (nih.gov)
  • Risk factors for metabolic diseases and mortality are raised in these subjects. (wikipedia.org)
  • CM has antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and hypolipidemic activities due to its rich bioactive compounds, and CM fruits and other parts have been used for the prevention and treatment of a diverse variety of diseases in folk medicine. (bvsalud.org)
  • To compare the utility of waist-to-height ratio with commonly used adiposity indices of body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio to identify cardio-metabolic diseases in 25-74-year-old black residents of Cape Town. (qxmd.com)
  • Several associated conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular illnesses, obesity, persistent lung condition, neurodegenerative diseases, etc., increase the mortality risk and hospitalization of subjects suffering from COVID-19. (hindawi.com)
  • Viruses, the latest being severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are highly widespread pathogens associated with emerging infectious diseases. (hindawi.com)
  • Metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW) individuals are now commonly encountered, and probably represent one end of the spectrum of the insulin resistance syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • High levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a strong predictor of cardiovascular events, are found both in the obese and in subjects with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). (nih.gov)
  • Moderate effects of apple juice consumption on obesity-related markers in obese men: impact of diet-gene interaction on body fat content. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, when obese rats lose weight or have their calorie intake restricted, they mount the same neurohormonal drive as do lean rats to increase intake and decrease energy expenditure, effectively defending obesity (6,7). (cdc.gov)
  • Unfortunately, the knowledge of factors predisposing a few to obesity provides varied and exotic options for excuses to the many unaffected - but still obese - majority. (fitnessrxformen.com)
  • The interplay between the sympathetic nervous system and leptin signaling is an example of neurohormonal protection of adiposity. (cdc.gov)
  • Some rare human obesity syndromes are associated with single gene defects within homeostatic pathways, including leptin deficiency, leptin receptor defect, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) deficit leading to impaired a-MSH production, and a-MSH receptor defects (12). (cdc.gov)
  • [ 18 ] Conversely, mice who overexpress FTO display increased adiposity and increased food intake, with no change in energy expenditure. (medscape.com)
  • MONW persons, especially those who are frequently sedentary and with a low peak oxygen uptake, have altered insulin sensitivity, metabolic disturbance, and cardiovascular risk and are at risk for fatty liver. (medscape.com)
  • The fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) polymorphism Ala54Thr and obesity in Pakistan: A population based study and a systematic meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • Obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation are strongly associated with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), therefore, CM may be hope for MAFLD patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although an elevated body mass index (BMI) 10 , 11 and central adiposity 12 are established risk factors for insulin resistance and the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus, little is known about the contribution of extra-abdominal adipose tissue, including breast tissue, about 60% of which is fatty tissue, to this process. (cmaj.ca)
  • Compared with rodents from other experimental groups, those that had consumed the high-fat diet had lower levels of gut bacteria associated with better metabolic health, fewer "good" fatty acids, and high levels of a bacterium associated with obesity. (medicationjunction.com)
  • [ 1 ] Tripodi et al reported that in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a procoagulant imbalance progresses from steatosis to metabolic cirrhosis, which may be caused by an increase in factor VIII and a reduction of protein C. (medscape.com)
  • The condition most commonly associated with fatty liver disease is metabolic syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Haemer MA, Huang TT, Daniels SR. The effect of neurohormonal factors, epigenetic factors, and gut microbiota on risk of obesity. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, vinegar and Kimchi are some of the nutritionally enhanced fermented foods that have been reported to have anti-obesity effects, supported by evidence collected from the in-vivo studies which confirm their influences on gut microbiota and gene expression (Han et al. (siftdesk.org)
  • It is used as a predictor of obesity-related cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • 3 , 4 Pre-adolescent obesity is also an important predictor of age of onset of breast development in young women, and of breast size after puberty. (cmaj.ca)
  • In this context, current concerns are particularly focused on the increased incidence of obesity and diabetes, particularly in youth and women of child-bearing age. (mdpi.com)
  • C and the major markers of insulin resistance, obesity, and inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • The present study was therefore designed with the objective of ascertaining an association between the expression of I-FABP in the gut and various metabolic changes induced by a high-fat (HF) diet and assessing the appropriateness of I-FABP as a possible biomarker of intestinal inflammation and damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of the FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with obesity, rs9939609 is the one that is most frequently described. (medscape.com)
  • Non-Synonymous Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Physical Activity Interactions on Adiposity Parameters in Malaysian Adolescents. (cdc.gov)
  • thus potentially contributing to development of obesity later in life. (nih.gov)
  • The literature shows that children born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk for the development of obesity in adulthood, it becomes fundamental to study more about the subject. (scirp.org)
  • Further exploration of how these molecular-cellular mechanisms might increase obesity risk in response to modifiable socioeconomic factors requires the partnership of laboratory and public health researchers. (cdc.gov)
  • The current study aimed to assess the causal effect of lifestyle factors, metabolic factors and socioeconomic status on POP risk. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study based on summary-level data from the largest available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to evaluate whether lifestyle factors, metabolic factors and socioeconomic status are causally related to POP. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 1 ] The connection between FTO and diabetes was lost after correcting for body-mass index, suggesting that FTO -mediated susceptibility to type 2 diabetes was driven through a relationship between FTO and obesity. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 , 3 ] Numerous studies have since confirmed the association of FTO with obesity in European populations. (medscape.com)
  • In white populations, people who are homozygous for the at-risk allele of rs9939609 have an approximately 1.7-fold increased risk of obesity and are about 3 kg heavier than average. (medscape.com)
  • The goals of this approach are to understand the causal pathways leading to patterns of obesity in populations and to identify where interventions that can broadly affect the population can be implemented (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Polynesian populations have high rates of type 2 diabetes and obesity. (citizendium.org)
  • Findings from quantitative PCR (qPCR) technique have disclosed anti-obesity mechanism of SCOBY papaya beverages. (siftdesk.org)
  • With the rapid expansion of obesity epidemic worldwide, it is crucial to develop new effective anti-obesity therapeutic agent for prevention and control measures to tackle the global obesity scenario. (siftdesk.org)
  • There is an association between the expression of I-FABP in the gut and various metabolic changes induced by a high-fat (HF) diet. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whether this relation is independent of traditional indicators of obesity remains to be determined. (cmaj.ca)
  • More than twenty-five years ago, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was first suggested as a simple health risk assessment tool because it is a proxy for 'harmful' central adiposity and a boundary value of 0.5 was proposed to indicate increased risk. (wikipedia.org)
  • The October 2022 NICE guidelines have suggested boundary values for WHtR (defining the degree of central adiposity) as follows: healthy central adiposity: waist-to-height ratio 0.4 to 0.49, indicating no increased health risks increased central adiposity: waist-to-height ratio 0.5 to 0.59, indicating increased health risks high central adiposity: waist-to-height ratio 0.6 or more, indicating further increased health risks. (wikipedia.org)
  • WHtR is a proxy for central (visceral or abdominal) adiposity: values of WHtR are significantly correlated with direct measures of central (visceral or abdominal) adiposity using techniques such as CT, MRI or DEXA. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a comprehensive narrative review, Yoo concluded that "additional use of WHtR with BMI or WC may be helpful because WHtR considers both height and central obesity. (wikipedia.org)
  • To investigate whether a body shape index (ABSI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) could predict insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared to healthy women. (qxmd.com)
  • The ability of ABSI and WHtR for the prediction of IR was estimated by the homeostasis model and metabolic syndrome according to the joint interim statement criteria. (qxmd.com)
  • While epidemiology studies have identified the phenomenon of metabolic programming, little is known about the mechanism(s) by which fetal insults lead to altered programming and to disease later in life. (nih.gov)
  • These factors in the metabolic syndrome, also known as the "insulin resistance syndrome," have been established as independent risk factors for vascular disease ( 7-9 ). (atsjournals.org)
  • Obesity is a disease state, a condition related to poor health. (fitnessrxformen.com)
  • acquired immune deficiency syndrome , acquired immunodeficiency syndrome an epidemic, transmissible retroviral disease caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, manifested in severe cases as profound depression of cell-mediated immunity, and affecting certain recognized risk groups. (topgrowupclinic.eu)
  • The first report linking the FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene (synonyms KIAA1752, MGC5149, ALKBH9) and obesity came from a genomewide association study linking FTO variants with type 2 diabetes in a European population. (medscape.com)
  • Use of a gene score of multiple low-modest effect size variants can predict the risk of obesity better than the individual SNPs. (cdc.gov)
  • Study on association of FABP2 gene Ala54Thr polymorphism with risk of obesity, body fat mass and physical activity]. (cdc.gov)
  • Epigenetic gene regulation may account for the influence of modifiable early life or maternal exposures on obesity risk. (cdc.gov)
  • C28193 Syndrome C118467 Pediatric Endocrine Terminology C131083 11 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Deficiency 11 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Deficiency Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess Decreased activity of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, which catalyzes the conversion of cortisol to cortisone due to autosomal recessive deactivating mutation(s) in the HSD11B2 gene. (nih.gov)
  • Patients with NAFLD may demonstrate the traditional pathophysiologic link with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance despite the absence of obesity. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, lean patients with NAFLD, despite an apparently milder metabolic involvement, should be screened and monitored for the presence of NASH and severe liver fibrosis. (medscape.com)
  • Then, to explore what metabolic changes were taking place in the rodents consuming the various diets, the scientists looked at how much oxygen the animals used, how much carbon dioxide they produced, how much food they ate, and how much water they drank, as well as how much energy they expended. (medicationjunction.com)
  • Homeostatic and nonhomeostatic neural controls of energy predispose people to obesity, and this predisposition may be exaggerated by the influence of media, marketing, and sleep patterns. (cdc.gov)
  • The complex neurohormonal systems controlling weight and adiposity can be categorized as either homeostatic or nonhomeostatic (2). (cdc.gov)
  • [ 27 ] Thus, while the exact biologic process linking FTO and obesity is unknown, it is clear that FTO variants mediate obesity by increasing energy input. (medscape.com)
  • We describe components of a novel paradigm for obesity-related research and public health interventions that are designed to generate cross-disciplinary hypotheses that account for multiple levels of causation from molecular to societal. (cdc.gov)
  • Association of the FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome: a population-based case-control study and a systematic meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • DiGeorge Syndrome Type 2 A congenital condition caused by a deletion on the short arm of chromosome 10p13-p14. (nih.gov)
  • Those who settled there were presented with a relative abundance of nourishment and exhibit extremely high levels of obesity and type 2 diabetes, whereas other communities of Pima do not. (citizendium.org)
  • In urban Ghana, type 2 DM (DM2) affects at least 6% of adults and is associated with age and obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This includes conditions such as type II diabetes, obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia. (medscape.com)
  • Centrilobular localization of steatosis results from decreased energy stores caused by relative hypoxia and a shift in lipid metabolism, along with a shift in the redox reaction as a result of preferential oxidation of alcohol in the central zone. (medscape.com)
  • This observational study sought to discover if a range of demographic, morphologic, hormonal and metabolic variables are associated with the improvement rate from HAL in 37 naturally-occurring cases identified by 16 clinics across Germany. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is postulated that the cerebral activation and increased sympathetic output related to sleep-disordered breathing may provide a stress stimulus that triggers or aggravates some of these vascular risk factors, and thus confers independent predisposition to vascular pathogenicity. (atsjournals.org)
  • Obesity , a condition of excessive fat accummulation, is a major risk factor for premature mortality. (citizendium.org)
  • Whether the thrifty geneotype explains some of modern day obesity remains unclear as records of famine and mortality rates in history are not always well kept. (citizendium.org)
  • In addition to the heightened severity and mortality, these pre-existing medical conditions could be linked to COVID-19 since the metabolic system as well as the immune system are already in a compromised state because of these codiagnosed conditions [ 1 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The cutoffs points for obesity according to the NC for male adolescents aged 12 to 14 years was 34.9 cm and for females 33.85 cm. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although evolution may have selected against extreme adiposity (4), the negative feedback signals against excess intake are insufficient to maintain normal body weight for most humans who have easy access to palatable, calorie-dense foods (5). (cdc.gov)
  • [ 16 ] However, it is unclear if and how nucleic acid demethylation is related to obesity. (medscape.com)
  • The use of waist-to-height ratio has been suggested as a better proxy indicator of central obesity. (qxmd.com)
  • Börjeson's syndrome , Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome a hereditary syndrome, transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait, characterized by severe mental retardation, epilepsy, hypogonadism, hypometabolism, marked obesity, swelling of the subcutaneous tissues of the face, and large ears. (topgrowupclinic.eu)
  • We summarize the current evidence for the involvement of the ECM in reward memory processes, SUD and obesity with an emphasis on how the ECM is modulated in a substance- and time-specific manner. (frontiersin.org)
  • Effects Ala54Thr polymorphism of FABP2 on obesity index and biochemical variable in response to a aerobic exercise training. (cdc.gov)