ObesityEpicardial adipose tissueOverweightAdiposityRatioCompartmentsGene expressionInflammationMetabolically activeCorrelationInsulinIntra-abdominallyBetter predictorCoronaryTriglycerideAccumulationDistinguishIndependentlyLipoproteinLipolysis0.01Erosive esophagitisPredictsMeasurementsSignificantlyCardiovascularReductionStronglyDifferencesRiskAdultsVolumesExcessWeightBody fatRatiosLiverWomenFatty
Obesity17
- Body shape also influences the consequences of obesity, with a higher risk of metabolic and cardiovascular complications for large waist size but lower risk for large hip size 2 . (nature.com)
- Central fatness, mostly intra-abdominal circumference is a better index of android fat, is medically more important than (abdominal) obesity than waist-to-hip ratio subcutaneous fat in the trunk. (who.int)
- Two common methods to assess the degree of obesity are measuring waist circumference, a surrogate for abdominal fat, and calculating the body mass index (BMI). (psychiatrist.com)
- This has led to an increasing evidence for abdominal obesity indices such as waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as predictors of CVD [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
- These clinical observations regarding the detrimental health effects of central or upper body obesity were subsequently reinforced by the results of large prospective epidemiological studies of diabetes incidence, in which fat patterning of subjects was estimated using body surface measurements, specifically waist and hip circumferences and skinfold thicknesses ( 2 - 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Schneider HJ, Klotsche J, Silber S, Stalla GK, Wittchen H-U. Measuring abdominal obesity: effects of height on distribution of cardiometabolic risk factors risk using waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio. (scielosp.org)
- Adiponectin plasma levels and adipose-tissue gene expression were significantly lower in obese subjects and inversely correlated with obesity-associated variables, including high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). (diabetesjournals.org)
- 0.05), whereas the inverse correlation between adiponectin plasma levels or adiponectin gene expression in adipose tissue with plasma IL-6 were largely dependent on the clustering of obesity-associated variables. (diabetesjournals.org)
- According to the 2005 IDF criteria, subsequently revised in 2009, abdominal obesity is identified as the waist circumference of ≥80 cm in women and ≥94 cm in men. (hindawi.com)
- Evidence from the conducted studies has revealed that abdominal obesity (assessed based on the waist circumference) plays a very important role in the development of metabolic disorders and in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. (hindawi.com)
- Objectives: To assess the association between the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat percentage (BFP) with the development of EE in adults with obesity three months after SG. (edu.pe)
- Study design: Anthropometrics and abdominal adipose tissue by MRI were available in 7-18 years old youth with overweight or obesity: 181 White Europeans and 186 White and Black Americans. (lih.lu)
- Alterations of endocannabinoid system in adipose tissue play an important role in lipid regulation and metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
- The researchers reported that abdominal obesity "may be of particular interest in migraine, as this adipose tissue produces multiple substances potentially involved in migraine pathophysiology, including markers of systemic inflammation. (drweil.com)
- A methodological limitation in obesity research is that body mass index (BMI) is used as the sole criterion for obesity-mortality associations and health outcomes - without considering excess adipose tissue location. (confex.com)
- Clinical diagnosis is made on the basis of the presence of 3 of 5 conditions: 1) high triglyceride level, 2) low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, 3) high fasting blood glucose level, 4) presence of central obesity (ie, high waist circumference), and 5) high blood pressure ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- For the group with overweight/obesity: BMI>27.5 kg/m2 and a waist circumference of over 94 cm (men) or 80 cm (women). (who.int)
Epicardial adipose tissue4
- Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has anatomic and functional proximity to the heart and is considered a novel diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in cardiometabolic diseases. (researchsquare.com)
- Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has recently been proposed as one determinant contributing to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular complications [3-6]. (researchsquare.com)
- Recent studies have focused on the potential role of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). (biomedcentral.com)
- Total body adiposity correlates with the amount of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), a specific visceral fat accumulation around the myocardium in the proximity to the coronary arteries [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Overweight4
- to identify cut-off points for waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with better sensitivity, specificity and accuracy to distinguish overweight elderly people by sex, using three body mass index criteria as anthropometric references. (scielosp.org)
- The presence of overweight in men (BMI 25, 84 kg/m 2 ) and even normal body weight in women (BMI 21,62 kg/m 2 ) corresponds to an increased volume of visceral tissue in the abdomen. (hindawi.com)
- In overweight and obese subjects, depot differences in adipose tissue CB1 and FAAH gene expression levels were compared in several studies. (biomedcentral.com)
- The number of overweight/obese employees with healthy waist circumferences increased from 3 to 8 post-intervention. (cdc.gov)
Adiposity5
- ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study of 1283 healthy children (681 boys, 602 girls) aged 6-11 years tested the degree of correlation between waist circumference measurements and adiposity. (who.int)
- However, degree of correlation between waist circum- studies on the efficacy of anthropometric ference measurements of a sample of techniques for identifying children with Egyptian schoolchildren with their adipo- high central adiposity are scare. (who.int)
- Adiposity was clinically assessed using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat percent. (cdc.gov)
- Different anthropometric measurements are used in clinical practice and in epidemiological studies to assess body adiposity, owing to their practicality and low cost, such as WC, BMI and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). (scielosp.org)
- in addition, loss of muscle tissue affects its validity as an indicator of adiposity in elderly people, regardless of changes in weight. (scielosp.org)
Ratio5
- While these and other studies have reported superior prediction of diabetes with waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio compared with BMI, it is notable that this is far from a universal finding. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Indeed, a recent meta-analysis of 32 studies concluded that BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio had similar associations with incident diabetes ( 6 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- DNA methylation levels at the ABCG1 cg27243685 site positively correlated with plasma triglyceride concentration (r = 0.510, p = 0.008), body mass index (r = 0.556, p = 0.013) and waist-to-hip ratio (r = 0.504, p = 0.012) in SAT samples. (biomedcentral.com)
- Abdominal fat is the kind of body fat that may most increases our risk of dying prematurely, making waist-to-height ratio a better predictor of disease than body mass index. (nutritionfacts.org)
- This is the waist/hip ratio. (lightbearers.org)
Compartments2
- 1 Waist circumference has been shown to be the anthropometric index that best predicts the distribution of adipose tissue in fat compartments such as the abdominal region. (psychiatrist.com)
- Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the framingham heart study. (scielosp.org)
Gene expression10
- The virus DNA apparently continues to alter gene expression chronically in tissues. (cdc.gov)
- To elucidate the relationship between plasma levels of adiponectin, adiponectin gene expression in adipose tissue, and markers of inflammation, we obtained blood samples, anthropometric measures, and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from 65 postmenopausal healthy women. (diabetesjournals.org)
- The purpose of this study was to determine whether gene expression levels of cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) are different in subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue, and whether hypocaloric diet and aerobic exercise influence subcutaneous adipose tissue CB1 and FAAH gene expression in obese women. (biomedcentral.com)
- Subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue samples were collected before and after the interventions to measure CB1 and FAAH gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
- CRM or CRV alone did not change adipose tissue CB1 and FAAH gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
- There are depot differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue endocannabinoid system gene expression in obese individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
- Aerobic exercise training may preferentially modulate abdominal adipose tissue endocannabinoid-related gene expression during dietary weight loss. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, it is important to study if gene expression of these important components of the endocannabinoid system are different between abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous fat tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
- 10%) by diet and exercise could change gene expression of CB1 and FAAH in adipose tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
- Thus, we tested the hypothesis that there is depot difference in subcutaneous adipose tissue CB1 and FAAH gene expression, and caloric restriction and aerobic exercise training alter subcutaneous adipose tissue CB1 and FAAH gene expression in obese older women. (biomedcentral.com)
Inflammation6
- Inflammation (from Latin: inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators. (wikipedia.org)
- The function of inflammation is to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, clear out necrotic cells and tissues damaged from the original insult and the inflammatory process, and initiate tissue repair. (wikipedia.org)
- Too little inflammation could lead to progressive tissue destruction by the harmful stimulus (e.g. bacteria) and compromise the survival of the organism. (wikipedia.org)
- Acute inflammation is the initial response of the body to harmful stimuli, and is achieved by the increased movement of plasma and leukocytes (in particular granulocytes) from the blood into the injured tissues. (wikipedia.org)
- Prolonged inflammation, known as chronic inflammation, leads to a progressive shift in the type of cells present at the site of inflammation, such as mononuclear cells, and is characterized by simultaneous destruction and healing of the tissue from the inflammatory process. (wikipedia.org)
- Acute inflammation can be a defensive mechanism to protect tissues against injury. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolically active2
- Fat tissue around the waist appears to be more metabolically active than adipose tissue elsewhere. (mddus.com)
- In reality, fat is metabolically active tissue that produces a wide array of substances. (lightbearers.org)
Correlation4
- For both sexes a highly positive correlation was found between waist circumference and BMI, percentage of body fat, subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, and the sum of skinfold measures. (who.int)
- when considering subcutaneous fat, the study found a strong correlation with waist circumference (WC) ( r =0.87 and r =0.88) and with body mass index (BMI) ( r =0.88 and r =0.83) in women and men, respectively. (scielosp.org)
- The aim of our study was to demonstrate a correlation between waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in patients with metabolic syndrome in relation with hypertension, lipid disorders, and carbohydrate disorders. (hindawi.com)
- The aim of our study was to demonstrate a correlation between waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in patients with metabolic syndrome in relation to hypertension, lipid disorders, such as atherogenic dyslipidaemia, and carbohydrate disorders, such as impaired fasting glucose or diabetes mellitus type 2. (hindawi.com)
Insulin2
- Subsequent studies showed that most subjects with type 2 DM had resistance to insulin action in adipose tissue (inhibition of lipolysis), liver (inhibition of glucose production), and skeletal muscle (stimulation of glucose disposal) ( 14 , 15 , 16 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)
- Vascular stiffness was related to hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance. (medscape.com)
Intra-abdominally1
- Boys had higher IAAT/SAAT ratios than girls, indicating proportionately more adipose tissue deposited intra-abdominally (P=0.002). (worc.ac.uk)
Better predictor1
- Waist circumference was a better predictor of metabolic syndrome than was BMI in our study sample of predominantly African American female adolescents living in an urban area. (cdc.gov)
Coronary1
- Body mass index, waist circumference, and risk of coronary heart disease: a prospective study among men and women. (scielosp.org)
Triglyceride1
- Participants were designated as having metabolic syndrome if they met criteria for 3 of 5 variables: 1) high blood pressure, 2) low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, 3) high fasting blood glucose level, 4) high waist circumference, and 5) high triglyceride level. (cdc.gov)
Accumulation2
- Aging is associated with changes in body composition, revealed by reduction in lean mass, increase in fat mass and redistribution of these tissues in the body, with greater accumulation of intra-abdominal and intramuscular fat. (scielosp.org)
- Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: Best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. (bvsalud.org)
Distinguish2
- Waist circumference (WC) does not distinguish visceral from subcutaneous adipose tissue, and hence cannot accurately reflect levels of visceral adipose tissue [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Body surface measures such as waist circumference do not distinguish between the various adipose tissue depots, which are known to have differences in biologic function. (diabetesjournals.org)
Independently1
- heartburn="" positively="" oesophagus="" .262="" using="" multivariate="" regression="" analyses="" age="" .027="" total="" cholesterol="" level="" .003="" alcohol="" drinking="" .03="" subcutaneous="" adipose="" tissue="" bmi="" waist="" circumference="" were="" independently="" associated="" respective="" locations. (who.int)
Lipoprotein1
- These observations reinforce the with less favourable patterns of serum importance of using waist circumference in lipoprotein concentrations, increased blood clinical practice [ 10 ]. (who.int)
Lipolysis2
- Reduction of the adipocyte's cytosolic volume by normal lipolysis without direct cellular destruction is also obtained due to heat generation in the tissue. (scirp.org)
- The lipolysis process is a normal metabolism of the adipose tissue through stimulation of epinephrine mediated membrane bound lipase enzyme. (scirp.org)
0.012
- The NAFLD group had higher hepatic fat ( P ±0.001) lower skeletal muscle IS ( P = 0.01), hepatic IS ( P = 0.01), and adipose tissue IS ( P = 0.04). (medscape.com)
- Hepatic IS ( r = -0.42, P = 0.01) and adipose IS ( r = -.54, P = 0.001) correlated with arterial stiffness (AIx). (medscape.com)
Erosive esophagitis1
- Association between erosive esophagitis, FDG activity and anthropometric evaluation, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes were analyzed. (who.int)
Predicts1
- Conclusions: A model including both WaistC and HipC that considers differences in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue more accurately predicts VAT in girls and is superior to commonly measured anthropometrics used individually. (lih.lu)
Measurements2
- An analogous approach, normalising body composition measurements for height, BMI, and waist circumference has been used for the 1999-2006 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 12 . (nature.com)
- There is a sity (whether total or central), and to quan- suggestion that waist circumference alone tify the association of waist circumference may be a more useful and accurate tool in measurements with age and degree of BMI children than DXA etc. [ 6 ]. (who.int)
Significantly2
- Conclusions: The first direct experimental evidence is provided demonstrating that acupuncture therapy significantly reduces BMI and abdominal adipose tissue by reducing abdominal VAT content without significant changes in body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, abdominal SAT, or IHTG content. (sluiceartfair.com)
- Stepwise regression showed that only waist circumference significantly predicted metabolic syndrome. (cdc.gov)
Cardiovascular2
- Waist circumference (WC) is used to indirectly measure abdominal adipose tissue and the associated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). (nih.gov)
- Fat tissues, physical activity, and cardiovascular fitness were also measured. (thecamreport.com)
Reduction1
- The main purpose of radiofrequency (RF)-based devices for body contouring is to produce thermal stimulus which leads to skin tightening effect by dermal collagen production and decreases the volume of adipose tissue by a reduction of the adipocyte's cytosolic. (scirp.org)
Strongly2
- Associations of sex steroids and their binding proteins with body shape are unclear, because waist and hip circumference are correlated strongly with body size. (nature.com)
- WC represents accumulated abdominal fat and is strongly correlated with visceral adipose tissue. (scielosp.org)
Differences3
- Specifically, there can be sizable differences in the amounts of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) between individuals with the same waist circumference. (diabetesjournals.org)
- BMI is a calculated statistical value which does not take into consideration physiological differences in the proportions between the adipose, osseous, and muscular tissues [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Objective: To investigate whether prediction equations including a limited but selected number of anthropometrics that consider differences in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue may improve prediction of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in youth. (lih.lu)
Risk3
- We therefore believed that an exami- lar risk [ 3 ] and increased risk of metabolic nation of waist circumference in a group complications [ 4 ]. (who.int)
- When waist circumference is equal to or greater than 40 inches in men it is a risk factor. (lightbearers.org)
- Katzmarzyk et al previously published sex-, age-, and race/ethnicity-specific body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference cutpoints to identify adolescents at risk for CVD risk factor clustering ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
Adults2
- Bean consumption has also been associated with lower body weights and smaller waist circumferences in adults. (nutritionfacts.org)
- Fetuses and neonates are potentially more sensitive to PCBs than adults because their immature enzyme systems may not metabolize and excrete PCBs efficiently and because of their rapidly developing tissues and organ systems. (cdc.gov)
Volumes1
- Magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) and intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) volumes and patterning. (worc.ac.uk)
Excess1
- An emerging view explains what many have thought all along-that while some are more prone to store excess as adipose tissue, others aren't. (lightbearers.org)
Weight3
- No statistical significant relation was found between circumference change and weight, age, height or BMI. (scirp.org)
- Height, weight and waist circumference were measured and BMI calculated. (worc.ac.uk)
- To see if you need to lose weight, click here to view our BMI chart (or waist circumference chart, etc. (weightlossaugusta.com)
Body fat1
- When activated by cold temperatures or eating arginine-rich or spicy foods , brown adipose tissue may burn body fat . (nutritionfacts.org)
Ratios1
- Some ethnicities tend more to skinny fat than others which is why some authorities have established different waist to hip ratios based on ethnicity. (lightbearers.org)
Liver1
- Viral DNA was isolated from brain, lung, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue of monkeys 7 months after initial infection, long after the active virus has disappeared from blood and feces ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Women2
- It also found that waist circumference larger than 34.6 inches in women and above 40 inches in men was associated with higher odds of having migraines. (drweil.com)
- Large waist circumference was more common among women than among men. (cdc.gov)
Fatty2
- Dioxins are toxic waste pollutants that accumulate in the fatty tissues of food animals consumed by humans. (nutritionfacts.org)
- Endocannabinoids are degraded by the key enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in these tissue/cells [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)