• ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study of 1283 healthy children (681 boys, 602 girls) aged 6-11 years tested the degree of correlation between waist circumference measurements and adiposity. (who.int)
  • The ability of simple anthropometric add valuable comparative data to BMI techniques to correctly measure central data in assessment of central fatness in adiposity needs to be assessed because overweight and obese children. (who.int)
  • However, degree of correlation between waist circum- studies on the efficacy of anthropometric ference measurements of a sample of techniques for identifying children with Egyptian schoolchildren with their adipo- high central adiposity are scare. (who.int)
  • Obesity was assessed using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and visceral adiposity index (VAI). (bvsalud.org)
  • Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is an anthropometric index associated with visceral adiposity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It remains relatively unknown whether SAD, as a manifest measure of visceral adiposity, differs by sex in the general population and in the subgroups defined by socio-economic characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At multiple regression, IMT was predicted, other than by age, by the amount of the visceral adiposity, expressed as visceral adipose tissue at ultrasonography, and by serum eotaxin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lee S, Bacha F, Gungor N, Arslanian S " Comparison of different definitions of pediatric metabolic syndrome: relation to abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, adiponectin, and inflammatory biomarkers. . (bcm.edu)
  • It has the Recent studies in children showed that a ability to act as a surrogate for abdominal greater deposition of central fat correlates fat [ 9 ]. (who.int)
  • Two common methods to assess the degree of obesity are measuring waist circumference, a surrogate for abdominal fat, and calculating the body mass index (BMI). (psychiatrist.com)
  • This lack of clarity in the epidemiologic literature regarding optimal measures of obesity for studies of diabetes risk is due at least in part to the nature of these proxy (surrogate) measurements. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Central overweight and obesity were indicators for central fatness for both overweight boys and girls and for obese girls except in age group 6.5 ± 1 years. (who.int)
  • Central fatness, mostly intra-abdominal circumference is a better index of android fat, is medically more important than (abdominal) obesity than waist-to-hip ratio subcutaneous fat in the trunk. (who.int)
  • Body mass index, abdominal fatness, and heart failure incidence and mortality: A systematic review and dose response meta-analysis of prospective studies. (pace-cme.org)
  • Fat oxidation can be assessed clinically by measuring respiratory quotient (RQ), which is the ratio of the carbon dioxide expired to the oxygen consumed during indirect calorimetry. (frontiersin.org)
  • While these and other studies have reported superior prediction of diabetes with waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio compared with BMI, it is notable that this is far from a universal finding. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Indeed, a recent meta-analysis of 32 studies concluded that BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio had similar associations with incident diabetes ( 6 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Risk of androgen excess and its complications may be just as high in women who are not overweight as in those who are. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although each component of the metabolic syndrome can be targeted separately through pharmacotherapy, it is also possible to take a more global therapeutic approach to treating the metabolic syndrome and/or type 2 diabetes by focusing on reducing excess atherogenic/diabetogenic visceral adipose tissue, which is often present in patients with the clustering abnormalities of this syndrome. (myhealthywaist.org)
  • This is because RFM not only correlates strongly with HF risk, but can also be calculated using a relatively simple formula*, requiring only height and waist circumference-both of which could be determined using a measuring tape. (pace-cme.org)
  • To determine the correlates of the "metabolically healthy obese" (MHO) phenotype and the longitudinal risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD)/stroke associated with this phenotype. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These observations reinforce the with less favourable patterns of serum importance of using waist circumference in lipoprotein concentrations, increased blood clinical practice [ 10 ]. (who.int)
  • This agglomeration of abnormalities has been referred to as the metabolic syndrome which can be identified by the presence of three of the five following variables: abdominal obesity, elevated triglyceride concentrations, low HDL-cholesterol levels, increased blood pressure and elevated fasting glucose. (researchgate.net)
  • Burns SF, Bacha F, Lee SJ, Tfayli H, Gungor N, Arslanian SA " Declining {beta}-Cell Function Relative to Insulin Sensitivity With Escalating OGTT 2-h Glucose Concentrations in the Nondiabetic Through the Diabetic Range in Overweight Youth. . (bcm.edu)
  • Typically, this loss of visceral adipose tissue reduces free fatty acid flux to the liver, which slows hepatic VLDL production, lowers plasma triglyceride and apolipoprotein B levels, and increases HDL cholesterol concentrations [5]. (myhealthywaist.org)
  • It also changes the pattern of adipose tissue secretory products, causing interleukin-6 levels to fall and adiponectin concentrations to rise, which improves insulin sensitivity [6,7]. (myhealthywaist.org)
  • Studies have demonstrated that excessive adipose tissue accumulation increases the risk of incident HF [1-3]. (pace-cme.org)
  • Post-mortem analyses of coronary arteries have indicated that obesity (associated with a high accumulation of abdominal fat measured at autopsy) was predictive of earlier and greater extent of large vessels atherosclerosis as well as increase of coronary fatty streaks. (researchgate.net)
  • The causes of this preferential adipose tissue accumulation include an obesogenic and diabetogenic diet, a low level of physical activity leading to a positive energy balance, and genetic susceptibility. (myhealthywaist.org)
  • Participants were designated as having metabolic syndrome if they met criteria for 3 of 5 variables: 1) high blood pressure, 2) low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, 3) high fasting blood glucose level, 4) high waist circumference, and 5) high triglyceride level. (cdc.gov)
  • The waist circumference for 104 (56%) participants was above the cutpoint. (cdc.gov)
  • Participants were anthropometrically measured and interviewed, and their fasting intravenous blood was collected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All participants underwent an indirect calorimetry to measure the respiratory quotient. (frontiersin.org)
  • In that study, a sample of 522 middle-aged men and women, who were all overweight with IGT, were randomly assigned to an intervention group designed to lower total intake of fat (especially saturated fats) to less than 30% of energy consumed, increase intake of dietary fibre, and ensure participants took part in moderate exercise for at least 30 minutes per day. (myhealthywaist.org)
  • Participants free of CVD/stroke and not underweight ( n = 3,743) were stratified by BMI categories and metabolic risk, defined as having two or more International Diabetes Federation metabolic syndrome criteria, excluding waist circumference. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Sustained metabolic health in obese participants was associated with age ≤40 years and lower waist circumference. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • However, even in the absence of the hyperglycaemic state which characterizes type 2 diabetic patients, non diabetic individuals with a specific form of obesity, named abdominal obesity, often show clustering metabolic abnormalities which include high triglyceride levels, increased apolipoprotein B, small dense low density lipoproteins and decreased high density lipoproteins-cholesterol levels, a hyperinsulinemic-insulin resistant state, alterations in coagulation factors as well as an inflammatory profile. (researchgate.net)
  • Both anthropometric measures were useful screening tools to identify metabolic syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • Waist circumference was a better predictor of metabolic syndrome than was BMI in our study sample of predominantly African American female adolescents living in an urban area. (cdc.gov)
  • In a study among South African blacks, WHtR was found as a significant predictor for all cardiometabolic risk components after 5 years in an adult population [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This study also showed that waist circumference was a better predictor of metabolic syndrome than directly measuring insulin sensitivity with an oral glucose tolerance test. (myhealthywaist.org)
  • The following reasons may have contributed to this discrepancy: we inferred that the Chinese elderly were less willing than young and middle-aged adults to participate at enrollment due to a lack of health education, and the baseline body weight is much lower in Asians than in Western populations, as investigations have determined (25,26). (researchgate.net)
  • Body weight, hight, WC and hip circumference were measured at baseline. (pace-cme.org)
  • In this context, the relatively few large epidemiologic cohorts that have conducted detailed baseline assessments of abdominal fat distribution in combination with prospective evaluations of outcomes such as incident diabetes can provide novel insights into the natural history of the obesity-diabetes relationship. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • PhD (Exercise Physiology) and over 15 years' experience as an AEP developing, delivering, and disseminating exercise interventions in adults with obesity and related chronic diseases. (edu.au)
  • The metabolic syndrome classification is of interest in epidemiologic studies because of its ability to predict the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes in adults ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Bacha F, Lee S, Gungor N, Arslanian SA " From Pre-Diabetes to Type 2 Diabetes in Obese Youth: Pathophysiological characteristics along the spectrum of glucose dysregulation. . (bcm.edu)
  • There is a wealth of evidence suggesting that visceral adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and the development of the metabolic syndrome and/or type 2 diabetes are closely linked [1,2]. (myhealthywaist.org)
  • The authors suggested that steps should be taken to address components of the metabolic syndrome, such as waist circumference, in order to reduce the risk of developing the syndrome and related complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. (myhealthywaist.org)
  • The contribution of various lifestyle and therapeutic interventions to reducing body weight, abdominal fat in particular, and preventing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes is examined below. (myhealthywaist.org)
  • There is a sity (whether total or central), and to quan- suggestion that waist circumference alone tify the association of waist circumference may be a more useful and accurate tool in measurements with age and degree of BMI children than DXA etc. [ 6 ]. (who.int)
  • An analogous approach, normalising body composition measurements for height, BMI, and waist circumference has been used for the 1999-2006 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 12 . (nature.com)
  • These clinical observations regarding the detrimental health effects of central or upper body obesity were subsequently reinforced by the results of large prospective epidemiological studies of diabetes incidence, in which fat patterning of subjects was estimated using body surface measurements, specifically waist and hip circumferences and skinfold thicknesses ( 2 - 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • ABSI is an index of body composition based on waist circumference, BMI, and height [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been suggested that high ABSI relates to a greater fraction of abdominal adipose tissue and appears to be a significant risk factor for premature death [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oestradiol was associated inversely with ABSI in obese pre-menopausal women but positively with HI in obese men and post-menopausal women not using hormone replacement therapy. (nature.com)
  • For both sexes a highly positive correlation was found between waist circumference and BMI, percentage of body fat, subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, and the sum of skinfold measures. (who.int)
  • The prevalence of overweight and obesity is growing and has been classified as an epidemic according to the WHO (World Health Organization) [ 1 ]. (springer.com)
  • as at 2015, Ghana recorded 266,200 cases with a prevalence rate of 1.9% in adults (20-79 years). (hindawi.com)
  • To evaluate the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity and the concomitant presence of both outcomes and their determinants among adults living in a rural area. (scielosp.org)
  • Even if guidelines are already available to manage anesthesia and surgery of obese patients, the assessment of the perioperative morbidity and mortality from heart and brain disorders in morbidly obese surgical patients will be challenging in the next years. (benthamscience.com)
  • Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adults in both North America and Europe. (dan.org)
  • Stepwise regression showed that only waist circumference significantly predicted metabolic syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • Significantly, the lifestyle intervention program reduced waist circumference by 4.4 ± 5.2 cm and improved both glucose-insulin homeostasis variables and lipoprotein-lipid parameters associated with the metabolic syndrome. (myhealthywaist.org)
  • The risk of general and abdominal obesity and concomitant outcomes increased significantly with age in both sexes. (scielosp.org)
  • Have you ever been frustrated by not knowing how to help your obese patients control their appetite and weight? (psychiatrist.com)
  • The number of obese patients undergoing cardiac and noncardiac surgery is rapidly increasing because they are more prone to concomitant diseases, such as diabetes, thrombosis, sleep-disordered breathing, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. (benthamscience.com)
  • The present review will recapitulate the new mechanisms underlying the Heart-brain Axis (HBA) vulnerability during the perioperative period in healthy and morbidly obese patients. (benthamscience.com)
  • Our review provides current insights into the mechanisms underlying HBA response in obese surgical patients and how they are modulated by epigenetically active food constituents. (benthamscience.com)
  • Metabolic syndrome linked to abdominal obesity is also predictive of recurrent coronary events both in post-myocardial infarction patients and among coronary artery disease men who underwent a revascularization procedures. (researchgate.net)
  • Is serum Interleukin-17 associated with early atherosclerosis in obese patients? (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eighty obese patients with normal liver enzyme levels but presenting with ultrasonographic evidence of NAFLD formed the population of this cross-sectional study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several lifestyle intervention trials have highlighted the fact that increasing physical activity and adopting healthy eating habits can reduce body weight and waist circumference and lower the risk of developing diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. (myhealthywaist.org)
  • Compared to controls, patients with narcolepsy are more likely to be obese and have higher BMIs and waist circumferences. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Body shape also influences the consequences of obesity, with a higher risk of metabolic and cardiovascular complications for large waist size but lower risk for large hip size 2 . (nature.com)
  • Large waist circumference was more common among women than among men. (cdc.gov)
  • Measuring body fat can be cumbersome (ie, measuring the percentage of body fat). (psychiatrist.com)
  • Finally, we will describe the nutrigenomics approach, an emerging noninvasive dietary tool, to maintain a healthy body weight and to minimize the HBA propensity to injury in obese individuals undergoing all types of surgery by personalized intake of plant compounds that may regulate the switch from health to disease in an epigenetic manner. (benthamscience.com)
  • Cord blood metabolites and rapid postnatal growth as multiple mediators in the prenatal propensity to childhood overweight. (who.int)
  • Randomized controlled clinical trials indicate that a HAES approach is associated with statistically and clinically relevant improvements in physiological measures (e.g., blood pressure, blood lipids), health behaviors (e.g., eating and activity habits, dietary quality), and psychosocial outcomes (such as self-esteem and body image), and that HAES achieves these health outcomes more successfully than weight loss treatment and without the contraindications associated with a weight focus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We evaluated three outcomes: general obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ), abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 102 cm and ≥ 88 cm in men and women, respectively), and concomitant obesities, classified as: no risk, only one risk factor, and aggregate factors. (scielosp.org)
  • It has been found that an increase in diacylglycerol species in insulin resistant obese and T2D subjects stimulates the secretion of insulin by the pancreas to maintain a normal glucose level ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Albumin was associated inversely with HI in women, but matched the pattern of free testosterone in obese men (lowest for "wide", highest for "slim" phenotype). (nature.com)
  • PREVEND enrolled adults from the general population of the city of Groningen, The Netherlands. (pace-cme.org)
  • We observed high prevalences of general and abdominal obesity in this population, which is consistent with the values found in urban populations. (scielosp.org)
  • It behooves divers to be aware of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerosis, and of specific measures they can take to mitigate them. (dan.org)
  • There is a recent line of research favoring hypothetic allergic mechanisms in the genesis of atherosclerosis and, consequently, coronary artery disease (CAD), among which Interleukin (IL)-17 appears to be a key cytokine regulating local tissue inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Current guidelines recommend that "overweight" and "obese" individuals lose weight through engaging in lifestyle modification involving diet, exercise and other behavior change. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Concern regarding "overweight" and "obesity" is reflected in a diverse range of policy measures aimed at helping individuals reduce their body mass index (BMI) 1 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The risk of frailty and disability in obese individuals with low muscle mass and function has been reported to be higher than that observed in non-obese counterparts with similar muscle alterations [ 11 ]. (springer.com)
  • Dietary restriction is an effective strategy for weight loss in obese individuals. (researchgate.net)
  • MET)-hours per week (top quin- and obese individuals from random- composition [12]. (who.int)
  • Specifically, there can be sizable differences in the amounts of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) between individuals with the same waist circumference. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Epidemiologic investigations have consistently shown an independent increased risk for diabetes associated with overweight and obesity, with clear dose response patterning across categories of increasing body mass. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Associations of sex steroids and their binding proteins with body shape are unclear, because waist and hip circumference are correlated strongly with body size. (nature.com)
  • Despite this activity play a potential y major role in physical activity for overweight or issue, some have operationalized contributing to the obesity epidemic obese adults to improve their health, the definition of weight maintenance that currently affects both developed and 200-300 minutes per week for as a change of 5 lb ( 2.3 kg) [4] and developing countries. (who.int)
  • We therefore believed that an exami- lar risk [ 3 ] and increased risk of metabolic nation of waist circumference in a group complications [ 4 ]. (who.int)
  • Katzmarzyk et al previously published sex-, age-, and race/ethnicity-specific body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference cutpoints to identify adolescents at risk for CVD risk factor clustering ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Association between regional adipose tissue distribution and risk of heart failure among blacks. (pace-cme.org)
  • Overweight and obesity are important modifiable risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) 1 1. (scielosp.org)
  • In the midst of an epidemiologic transition in the Caribbean nation of Grenada in which CVD risk is increasing, dietary risk factors are most prevalent among women and among all adults younger than 55. (cdc.gov)
  • Increased body fat can be present either as an overt overweight/obesity or fat redistributed into visceral organs and/or fat infiltrated into bone and muscle, which occurs especially with age and some chronic diseases [ 3 , 4 ]. (springer.com)
  • Relationships between body roundness with body fat and visceral adipose tissue emerging from a new geometrical model. (pace-cme.org)
  • the relationship between narcolepsy and other metabolic measures, such as body fat/muscle distribution and metabolic rate independent of BMI, is not well documented, and the available evidence is inconsistent. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Osteoporosis, a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility, occurs frequently, particularly in older women. (springer.com)
  • Mean age was 49.8±12.6 years, 49.8% were women, 41% were overweight and 16% were obese. (pace-cme.org)
  • An estimated 64% (n = 2,017) of 3,167 eligible adults participated in our study (60% women). (cdc.gov)
  • Testosterone has been found to inhibit triglyceride uptake and lipoprotein lipase activity and cause a rapid turnover of triglycerides in abdominal adipose tissue (Martin et al, 1996). (bhma.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Previous studies examined the effects of breastfeeding on measured values of body circumferences or blood pressure during childhood. (bvsalud.org)
  • RQ measured during fasting reflects a period of high dependency on endogenous FFAs for fuel. (frontiersin.org)
  • The main function of Interleukin (IL)-17 appears to be the regulation of local tissue inflammation via the coordinated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. (biomedcentral.com)