Adipose tissue and adipocyte. Medical search. Frequent questions

While the physiological role of adipose tissue in cholesterol and oxLDL metabolism remains to be established, the induction of OLR1 is a potential means by which PPARγ ligands regulate lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. (jci.org)
This view of the link between adipose tissue and insulin resistance emphasises the important role of adipose tissue in 'buffering' the daily influx of dietary fat entering the circulation and preventing excessive exposure of other tissues to this influx. (cambridge.org)
The worldwide epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes has focused attention on adipocyte biology and the role of adipose tissue in the integration of systemic metabolism ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

Here, we show that murine GATA-2 and GATA-3 are specifically expressed in white adipocyte precursors and that their down-regulation sets the stage for terminal differentiation. (nih.gov)
Constitutive GATA-2 and GATA-3 expression suppressed adipocyte differentiation and trapped cells at the preadipocyte stage. (nih.gov)
Thus, GATA-2 and GATA-3 regulate adipocyte differentiation through molecular control of the preadipocyte-adipocyte transition. (nih.gov)
Results DIM, but not I3C, increased adipocyte differentiation through upregulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α. (researchgate.net)
2009), which is inhibited during adipocyte differentiation (Dimaculangan et al. (exposed-skin-care.net)
The number of cells per field, the AP activity, the collagen and mineralized matrix synthesis were higher in AT-MSC en differentiation, in relation to BM-MSC under the same conditions in all evaluated times. (scielo.br)
Risperidone promotes adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation through Oil Red O staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (frontiersin.org)
In addition, risperidone influences adipocyte metabolism, differentiation, and lipid accumulation-related functions through transcriptome analysis. (frontiersin.org)
It is also related to increased adiponectin (APN) expression associated with adipocyte differentiation, as well as the expression of adipogenic genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( PPAR) ( 22 , 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
Tenomodulin promotes human adipocyte differentiation and beneficial visceral adipose tissue expansion. (umassmed.edu)
13 verified that stromal cells (CD 34+) derived from the adipose tissue has the potential of osteogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo, being considered as a promising cellular therapy for the healing of bone defects. (bvsalud.org)

The circadian clock component NR1D1 (REVERBα) is considered a dominant regulator of lipid metabolism, with global Nr1d1 deletion driving dysregulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) lipogenesis and obesity. (elifesciences.org)
Cyclooxygenases are known as important regulators of metabolism and immune processes via conversion of C20 fatty acids into various regulatory lipid mediators, and cyclooxygenase activity has been implicated in browning of white adipose tissues. (dtu.dk)
Our findings suggest a role for COX-2-derived lipid mediators from adipocytes in mediating type 2 immunity cues in subcutaneous WAT associated with decreased hepatic steatosis, but with no accompanying induction of browning and increased energy expenditure. (dtu.dk)
Perilipin, a major hormonally regulated adipocyte-specific phosphoprotein associated with the periphery of lipid storage droplets. (nature.com)
In contrast to white adipocytes, which contain a single lipid droplet, brown adipocytes contain numerous smaller droplets and a much higher number of (iron-containing) mitochondria, which gives the tissue its color. (wikipedia.org)
PBM-treated hypertrophic cells (1064 nm and 17.6 J/cm2 every day for 7 days following addition of PA) decreased the lipid levels in hypertrophic adipocytes, restored the GLUT4 protein expression and enhanced glucose transport. (google.com)
Here we show region-specific variation in MAT adipocyte development, regulation, size, lipid composition, gene expression and genetic determinants. (wustl.edu)
the effects of hypoxia and fibrosis may also play a role in obesity complications via notably ectopic-lipid accumulation in non-adipocyte cells. (springer.com)
Brown adipocytes are smaller than white adipocytes and contain multitudes of small (multilocular) lipid droplets. (news-medical.net)
The adipocyte is the major site of fatty acid storage in the body and plays a critical role in maintaining normal glucose and lipid homeostasis. (jci.org)
If the capacity of the adipocyte to store lipids is exceeded, it can no longer regulate the release of FFAs into the circulation, which ultimately leads to the abnormal accumulation of lipid in nonadipose depots. (jci.org)
Obesity can be viewed as a state of long-term lipid disequilibrium that is marked by massive adipocyte hypertrophy and is a major risk factor for developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. (jci.org)
Thus, in the postprandial period especially, there is an excess flux of circulating lipid metabolites that would normally have been 'absorbed' by adipose tissue. (cambridge.org)
Adipose tissue is primarily composed of lipid-filled adipocytes, which arise from adipocyte precursor cells during embryonic and postnatal development. (yale.edu)
Risperidone increases adipocyte lipid accumulation by plausibly inhibiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation through targeting MAPK14 and MAPK8. (frontiersin.org)
Hansen JS, de Maré S, Jones HA, Göransson O and Lindkvist-Petersson K. Visualization of lipid directed dynamics of perilipin 1 in human primary adipocytes. (lu.se)

Moreover, white adipocytes have a low oxidative rate, which is the rate of macronutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) metabolism. (news-medical.net)
Concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides are strongly correlated in the adipocyte, but little is known about mechanisms regulating cholesterol metabolism in fat cells. (jci.org)
The present article discusses how accumulation of triacylglycerol in adipocytes can lead to deterioration of the responsiveness of glucose metabolism in other tissues. (cambridge.org)
The lipolysis process is a normal metabolism of the adipose tissue through stimulation of epinephrine mediated membrane bound lipase enzyme. (scirp.org)
Further, we aim to create a systems biology understanding of changes in both adipose tissue composition, adipocyte size, and cellular insulin responsiveness, and explore their impact on whole-body metabolism using mathematical modelling. (lu.se)

The adipocyte size in epicardial fat correlated positively with insulin resistance and serum leptin, and correlated negatively with serum and mRNA expression of adiponectin. (univr.it)
Adipocyte size, both in epicardial and in subcutaneous fat, is positively related with insulin resistance, shows negative association with local adiponectin gene expression, and is decreased in subjects with coronary artery disease. (univr.it)
Bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) contributes to increased circulating adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing hormone, during caloric restriction (CR), but whether this occurs in other contexts remains unknown. (frontiersin.org)
The antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) also promote MAT expansion and hyperadiponectinemia, even without increasing adiponectin expression in white adipose tissue (WAT). (frontiersin.org)
Adipocyte-derived factors involved in tumor progression include proteins such as adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6, and ECM components that control tumor cell behavior within the tumor microenvironment. (jci.org)
Furthermore, in white adipose cells from obese pets, BAPN avoided the downregulation of adiponectin and blood sugar transporter 4 (GLUT4), aswell as the upsurge in suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) amounts, triggered from the HFD. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Also, in the TNF-induced insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocyte model, BAPN avoided the downregulation of adiponectin and GLUT4 as well as the upsurge in SOCS3 amounts, and therefore normalised insulin-stimulated blood sugar uptake. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Also, in these pets, BAPN ameliorates the disruptions in the adipose cells manifestation of adiponectin, blood sugar transporter 4 (GLUT4), buy 76584-70-8 suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4, all protein mixed up in control of insulin level of sensitivity. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Finally, BAPN also normalises the insulin-stimulated blood sugar uptake and proteins degrees of GLUT4, adiponectin and SOCS3 buy 76584-70-8 in the TNF-induced insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocyte model. (exposed-skin-care.net)
The cumulative loss of fat leads to a decrease in adipose-derived adiponectin and leptin. (medscape.com)

Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of moderate aerobic exercise on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of female LDL-receptor knockout ovariectomized mice. (thieme-connect.de)
The three aims explored different facets of visceral adipose tissue, as it relates to internal exposure to POPs and metabolic health. (cdc.gov)

Here we showed that obesity-related adipocyte degeneration causes release of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), which promotes macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), originally known as a sensor of exogenous DNA fragments. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Fat-fed Tlr9−/− mice demonstrated reduced macrophage accumulation and inflammation in adipose tissue and better insulin sensitivity compared with wild-type mice, whereas bone marrow reconstitution with wild-type bone marrow restored the attenuation of insulin resistance observed in fat-fed Tlr9−/− mice. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Administration of a TLR9 inhibitory oligonucleotide to fat-fed wild-type mice reduced the accumulation of macrophages in adipose tissue and improved insulin resistance. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Moreover, I3C exerts anti-obesity effects by reducing body weight and fat accumulation in epididymal adipose tissue in HFD-induced obese mice and thereby improves hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia [126]. (researchgate.net)
Obesity is defined as an excess accumulation of white adipose tissue associated with a low grade inflammation which is one contributor to obesity complications such as diabetes. (springer.com)
Fibrosis is characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components which could result in tissue dysfunction. (springer.com)
In the first one, local adipose tissue hypoxia could induce fibrosis accumulation which in turn through adipocyte dysfunctions might provoke adipose tissue inflammation. (springer.com)
These results indicated that increasing dietary energy content improved fat accumulation in Lantang growing pigs possibly through direct deposition of fat in adipocyte. (scialert.net)

The use of PGE(2) receptor antagonists implicated EP(4) as a main PGE(2) receptor, and injection of the stable PGE(2) analog (EP(3/4) agonist) 16,16 dm PGE(2) induced UCP1 expression in inguinal white adipose tissue. (ku.dk)
Compared to littermate wildtype mice, TG mice selectively reduced inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) mass and fat cell size, whereas the epididymal (eWAT) fat depot remained unchanged. (dtu.dk)

We generated transgenic (TG) C57BL/6 mice expressing the Ptgs2 gene encoding cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in mature adipocytes. (dtu.dk)
Inactivation of TCF7L2 protein attained by removing the high-mobility group (HMG)-box DNA binding domain in mature adipocytes in vivo leads to whole-body glucose intolerance and hepatic insulin resistance. (medscape.com)
Specifically, we want to understand the very early changes in insulin signalling and glucose transport in mature adipocytes, and how this is related to cell size. (lu.se)

CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings provide evidence that induction of UCP1 expression in white adipose tissue, but not in classic interscapular brown adipose tissue is dependent on cyclooxygenase activity. (ku.dk)
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) or brown fat makes up the adipose organ together with white adipose tissue (or white fat). (wikipedia.org)
Brown adipose tissue is found in almost all mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Brown adipose tissue is especially abundant in newborns and in hibernating mammals. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to heat produced by shivering muscle, brown adipose tissue produces heat by non-shivering thermogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
The presence of brown adipose tissue in adult humans was discovered in 2003 during FDG-PET scans to detect metastatic cancers. (wikipedia.org)
Using these scans and data from human autopsies, several brown adipose tissue deposits have been identified. (wikipedia.org)
It remains to be determined whether these deposits are 'classical' brown adipose tissue or beige/brite fat. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, rosiglitazone upregulated uncoupling protein 1 in brown adipose tissue (BAT), but this protein was undetectable in tibiae, suggesting that MAT is unlikely to share thermogenic properties of BAT. (frontiersin.org)
Adipose tissue is typically classified into two broad subtypes, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). (frontiersin.org)
Background/Objective:White-to-brown adipose tissue remodeling (browning) in response to different stimuli constitutes an active research area for obesity treatment. (edu.sa)
In rodents, obesogenic stimuli such as the intake of hyperlipidic diets can increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic capacity and contribute to maintaining body weight. (edu.sa)
In mammals, two types of adipose tissue have been observed: White Adipose Tissue, (WAT), which stores excess energy as triglycerides, and Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT), which dissipates stored energy as heat. (news-medical.net)

Application of PBM to the recipient site before and after fat transfer improved outcomes in rats at 56 day after fat grafting by means of volume retention, increased neovascularization and adipocyte viability and reduced necrosis, fibrosis and inflammation. (google.com)
Obesity stimulates chronic inflammation in adipose tissue, which is associated with insulin resistance, although the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Our study may provide a novel mechanism for the development of sterile inflammation in adipose tissue and a potential therapeutic target for insulin resistance. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
In the second one, fibrosis could be a result of local adipose tissue inflammation induced by tissue expansion. (springer.com)
Obesity is defined as an expansion of white adipose (WAT) tissue that is associated with low grade inflammation which possibly contributes to the development of health complications such as diabetes, liver pathologies, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases as well as some cancers [ 2 - 4 ]. (springer.com)
Obesity elicits immune cell infiltration of adipose tissue provoking chronic low-grade inflammation. (diabetesjournals.org)
This phenotype is associated with increased subcutaneous adipose tissue mass, adipocyte hypertrophy, and inflammation. (medscape.com)
Since that initial discovery, the number of adipocyte-derived signaling molecules has grown ever larger, and the term adipokine was coined to reflect that many of these molecules exert positive or negative actions on inflammation. (diabetesjournals.org)
Indices of lung inflammation and histopathologic assessment of lung tissue were quantified at 0, 4, and 8 wk after cessation of exposure. (cdc.gov)

This study aimed to determine whether I3C or DIM could increase glucose uptake via enhanced insulin sensitivity in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, as well as the mechanism involved. (researchgate.net)
DIM also enhanced glucose uptake by increasing expression of glucose transporter 4 in adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
The discovery of leptin more than a decade ago established a paradigm in which secreted proteins from adipocytes coordinate energy balance and glucose homeostasis ( 2 , 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

In addition to WAT and BAT, adipocytes also exist in the bone marrow, and such marrow adipose tissue (MAT) has been estimated to account for over 10% of total adipose tissue mass in lean, healthy humans ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) accumulates in diverse clinical conditions but remains poorly understood. (wustl.edu)

OLR1 expression in white adipose tissue is increased in obesity and is further induced by PPARγ ligand treatment in vivo. (jci.org)

The emergence in traditional white adipose tissue (WAT) depots of multilocular adipocytes that express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and resemble brown adipocytes, the so called 'brite' adipocytes, could contribute to increased energy expenditure. (edu.sa)
This increased browning capacity was translated into the appearance of UCP1- and CIDE-A (cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A)-positive brite adipocytes in retroperitoneal WAT. (edu.sa)
These induced brown adipocytes in WAT are referred to as Brown in white (brite) or 'beige' adipocytes and differ from conventional BAT in infants. (news-medical.net)

Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), nonesterified fatty acidity (NEFA), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum or liver organ tissue samples had been measured using related commercial products (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China) based on the producers protocols. (geogise.com)
The major microscopic constituent of white adipocytes is triglycerides, which are stored in a large, single (unilocular) droplet. (news-medical.net)
In a healthy person, excess fat is stored as triglycerides in the adipose tissue, and fatty acids are released into the bloodstream only in response to an increased energy requirement, for example, during fasting. (jci.org)
Triglycerides primarily store energy in adipocytes and muscle cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Classically the fat mass expansion results with an increase in the volume (hypertrophy) and the number (hyperplasia) of adipocytes [ 5 , 6 ]. (springer.com)

A transcriptomic research revealed a rise in LOX manifestation in subcutaneous white adipose cells from obese topics, but its pathophysiological relevance continues to be unclear (Henegar et al. (exposed-skin-care.net)

Readily demonstrated in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver all of the groups were on the are that they are two DHT-derivatives that do not convert into Estrogen via aromatase, and they both exhibit fairly low androgenic strength ratings. (showyou.com)

In particular, these proteins play important roles in the development and function of adipocytes, which are the fat-storing cells in adipose tissue. (medlineplus.gov)

These effects were partially mediated through enhanced TGF-β signaling, which contributes to tissue fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. (jci.org)
Consequently, our data offer proof that LOX takes on a pathologically relevant part in the metabolic dysfunction induced by weight problems and emphasise the eye of book pharmacological interventions that focus on adipose cells fibrosis and LOX activity for the medical management of the disease. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Lately, fibrosis continues to be recognised as an essential participant in adipose cells dysfunction in weight problems. (exposed-skin-care.net)
In obese rats, the inhibition of LOX activity through -aminopropionitrile (BAPN, a particular inhibitor of LOX activity) decreases adipose cells fibrosis, partly corrects the adipocyte-size distribution design (moving it toward smaller sized sizes) and attenuates the upsurge in bodyweight and extra fat mass. (exposed-skin-care.net)
In group AT, both at 7 and 90 post-operative days, the main healing type was the presence of dense conjunctive tissue exhibiting bundles of collagen fibers disposed in beams permeating the remaining adipose tissue with rare heterotopic bone formation associated to fibrosis and different types of tissue necrosis. (bvsalud.org)

Adipocyte NR1D1 does not drive an anticipatory daily rhythm in WAT lipogenesis, but rather modulates WAT activity in response to alterations in metabolic state. (elifesciences.org)
hence, the global burden of obesity and metabolic disease has motivated extensive study of these tissues ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
We recently reported that adipocyte glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-deficient (AdipoGR-KO) mice under corticosterone (CORT) treatment exhibited a massive adipose tissue (AT) expansion associated with a paradoxical improvement of metabolic health compared to control mice. (c3m-nice.fr)
Collectively, these results highlight that adipocyte GR negatively controls AT expansion and metabolic health through the down-regulation of the major angiogenic effector VEGFA and inhibiting vascular network development. (c3m-nice.fr)
BAPN also ameliorated the upsurge in collagen content material that was seen in adipose cells from obese pets and improved many metabolic guidelines C it ameliorated blood sugar and insulin amounts, reduced homeostasis model evaluation (HOMA) index and decreased plasma triglyceride amounts. (exposed-skin-care.net)
2008). Consequently, the purpose of this research was to explore the part of LOX activity in adipose cells remodelling and in the metabolic disruptions associated with weight problems. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Consumption of a high-fat Western diet (HFWD) contributes to obesity, disrupted adipose endocrine function, and development of metabolic dysfunction (MetDys). (cdc.gov)

abstract = 'BACKGROUND: The uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a hallmark of brown adipocytes and pivotal for cold- and diet-induced thermogenesis. (ku.dk)

Reduction of the adipocyte's cytosolic volume by normal lipolysis without direct cellular destruction is also obtained due to heat generation in the tissue. (scirp.org)

Lipodystrophy, lack of adipose tissue, is also associated with insulin resistance. (cambridge.org)
In lipodystrophy there is insufficient adipose tissue to absorb the postprandial influx of fatty acids, so these fatty acids will again be directed to other tissues. (cambridge.org)
Familial partial lipodystrophy is a rare condition characterized by an abnormal distribution of fatty (adipose) tissue. (medlineplus.gov)
In people with familial partial lipodystrophy, adipose tissue is lost from the arms, legs, and hips, giving these parts of the body a very muscular appearance. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in any of the genes associated with familial partial lipodystrophy reduce or eliminate the function of their respective proteins, which impairs the development, structure, or function of adipocytes and makes the body unable to store and use fats properly. (medlineplus.gov)
Lipodystrophy refers to the loss of adipose tissue. (medscape.com)

Findings suggest that eating late at night may disrupt this rhythm in adipocytes resulting in lower energy expenditure and weight gain. (medicalnewstoday.com)

In addition to its role in energy storage, adipose tissue also accumulates cholesterol. (jci.org)
Vitamin D accumulates in adipose tissue (AT), and vitamin D deficiency is frequent in obesity. (medscape.com)

However, whether GR may control adipose development remains unclear. (c3m-nice.fr)
The primary focus of the Rodeheffer laboratory is to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control adipose tissue mass in both normal and disease states. (yale.edu)

Our results highlight the crucial role of ETP as an obesity-associated factor that promotes tumor growth in the context of adipocyte interactions with tumor and stromal cells. (jci.org)
Adipose tissue (AT) represents a commonly used source of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) whose proregenerative potential has been widely investigated in multiple clinical trials worldwide. (mdpi.com)

Cold-induced expression of UCP1 in inguinal white adipocytes was repressed in COX2 knockout (KO) mice and by administration of the COX inhibitor indomethacin in wild-type mice. (ku.dk)
Inhibition of COX activity attenuated diet-induced UCP1 expression and increased energy efficiency and adipose tissue mass in obesity-resistant mice kept at thermoneutrality. (ku.dk)
Photobiomodulation reduces abdominal adipose tissue inflammatory infiltrate of diet-induced obese and hyperglycemic mice. (google.com)
The current results indicated that PBMT inhibited FFA generation and release in insulin-resistant adipocytes and reduced plasma FFA levels in diabetic db/db mice and HFD-fed mice. (google.com)
Here, we show a specific induction of the hypoxiainducible factor HIF-1α and the pro-angiogenic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A expression in GR-deficient adipocytes of AdipoGR-KO mice as compared to control mice, together with an increased adipose vascular network, as assessed by 3D-analysis imaging. (c3m-nice.fr)

GATA-3-deficient embryonic stem cells exhibit an enhanced capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, and defective GATA-2 and GATA-3 expression is associated with obesity. (nih.gov)
[ 17 , 18 ] TCF7L2 protein is increased during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and in primary adipocyte stem cells. (medscape.com)
1994). Furthermore, LOX participates in the dedication of pluripotent stem cells towards the adipocyte lineage (Huang et al. (exposed-skin-care.net)
The aim of this study was to compare the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from bone marrow (BM-MSC) with those extracted from adipose tissue (AT-MSC) of adult dogs. (scielo.br)
The adipose tissue is an important reservoir of adult stem cells which have capacity of differentiating in osteoblasts with potential implication in reaching bone regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
Tissue bioengineering is a new branch of Science aiming to investigate and integrate techniques of tissue regeneration thorugh new biomaterials including natural markers (growth factors) and tissue and cellular components (mesenchymal stem cells). (bvsalud.org)
bioceramics and bioglasses, raising great interest in the research with adipose tissue as a reservoir of adult stem cells, generating good results. (bvsalud.org)
Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate in osteoblasts with potential implications for the engineering of human bone tissue 11 . (bvsalud.org)
The stem cells coming from the adipose tissue can be an important source of progenitor mesenchymal stem cells which can be employed in tissue engineering for bone repairing 8 . (bvsalud.org)

Excess adipose tissue, resulting in obesity, is currently one of the most serious threats to human health on a global level. (europa.eu)
Any plausible explanation for the link between excess adipose tissue and insulin resistance needs to be able to account for this observation. (cambridge.org)

The liver organ tissue samples had been harvested for even more evaluation. (geogise.com)
Viral DNA was isolated from brain, lung, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue of monkeys 7 months after initial infection, long after the active virus has disappeared from blood and feces ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Lipoproteins circulate through the blood continuously until the TGs they contain are taken up by peripheral tissues or the lipoproteins themselves are cleared by the liver. (msdmanuals.com)
Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) contain apoprotein B-100 (apo B), are synthesized in the liver, and transport TGs and cholesterol to peripheral tissues. (msdmanuals.com)
Ectopic fat in tissues such as liver and muscle may be increased. (medscape.com)

This has fuelled the therapeutic interest in the transformation of energy-storing into energy-dissipating adipocytes. (news-medical.net)

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we report that cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) are crucially involved in induction of UCP1 expression in inguinal white adipocytes, but not in classic interscapular brown adipocytes. (ku.dk)
Our results indicate that cyclooxygenase-dependent induction of UCP1 expression in white adipose tissues is important for diet-induced thermogenesis providing support for a surprising role of COX activity in the control of energy balance and obesity development. (ku.dk)
The second develops from white adipocytes that are stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Both adipocytes and brown adipocyte may be derived from pericytes, the cells which surround the blood vessels that run through white fat tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, we and others have demonstrated fibrotic depots in white adipose tissue of obese subjects. (springer.com)
In addition, white adipocytes provide insulation and contribute to endocrine function as they secrete hormones. (news-medical.net)
In obesity, adipocyte precursor cells give rise to new adipocytes, contributing the the growth of white adipose tissue. (yale.edu)

In humans the generation of fat cells (adipocytes) is a major factor behind the growth of adipose tissue during childhood. (europa.eu)
Very little is known about the maintenance of fat cells (adipocytes) in humans, how different fat depots are maintained and how (or if) this is altered in obesity. (europa.eu)
Recently I developed a method that is based on the incorporation of 14C from nuclear bomb tests into genomic DNA, which allows for the analysis of cell and tissue turnover in humans. (europa.eu)

Beige fat is the adrenergically inducible cell type that is dispersed throughout adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Studies have shown that a key transcription factor, PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) are involved in conversion of precursor cells into mitochondria (mt)-enriched beige adipocytes (BA). (nih.gov)

Egan, J. J., Greenberg, A. S., Chang, M. K. & Londos, C. Control of endogenous phosphorylation of the major cAMP-dependent protein kinase substrate in adipocytes by insulin and beta-adrenergic stimulation. (nature.com)
Notably, this is not the same as the presence of Myf5 protein, which is involved in the development of many tissues. (wikipedia.org)
We have shown that prenatal low-protein (LP) followed by postnatal high-fat (HF) diets result in a rapid increase in subcutaneous adipose tissue (subc-AT) mass in the offspring, contributing to development of obesity and insulin resistance. (nih.gov)
cfDNA released from degenerated adipocytes promoted monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in wild-type macrophages, but not in TLR9-deficient (Tlr9−/−) macrophages. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Brown adipocytes contain a large number of mitochondria in their cytoplasm, which express Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1), a protein that stimulates the process of non-shivering thermogenesis. (news-medical.net)
Her work on the T cell tyrosine kinase ITK has revealed a critical role for this TCR signaling protein in autoreactive T cell trafficking into tissues such as the pancreas and the intestine. (cuanschutz.edu)
In adipocytes, the sterol regulatory element binding protein pathway is increased, resulting in increases in levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase. (cdc.gov)
To evaluate the immunoexpression of BMP-2 protein on the bone repairing of critical size defects (CSD) surgically created in rat calvaria and treated by autogenous macerated adipose tissue. (bvsalud.org)

The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in obese subjects [ 3 ] suggests that adipose tissue (AT) has a major role in the body distribution of vitamin D, but the causal relationship between obesity and low levels of circulating 25(OH)D has not been completely elucidated yet. (medscape.com)

We define proximal regulated{\^a} €{\texttrademark} MAT (rMAT) as single adipocytes interspersed with active haematopoiesis, whereas distal constitutive{\^a} €{\texttrademark} MAT (cMAT) has low haematopoiesis, contains larger adipocytes, develops earlier and remains preserved upon systemic challenges. (wustl.edu)

Adipocyte glucocorticoid receptor activation with high glucocorticoid doses impairs healthy adipose tissue expansion by repressing angiogenesis. (c3m-nice.fr)

Photobiomodulation therapy decreases free fatty acid generation and release in adipocytes to ameliorate insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. (google.com)
The main purpose of radiofrequency (RF)-based devices for body contouring is to produce thermal stimulus which leads to skin tightening effect by dermal collagen production and decreases the volume of adipose tissue by a reduction of the adipocyte's cytosolic. (scirp.org)

Nevertheless, its contribution to adipose cells dysfunction in weight problems is not clearly established. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Our overall aim is to identify the mechanisms that cause adipocyte dysfunction. (lu.se)

TZDs markedly stimulate the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) into adipocytes, and this requires OLR1. (jci.org)
Increased OLR1 expression, resulting either from TZD treatment or adenoviral gene delivery, significantly augments adipocyte cholesterol content and enhances fatty acid uptake. (jci.org)
In IR adipocytes, uptake of D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 was higher, but, after adrenaline stimulation, the decrement in D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 was stronger in control cells, which also showed increased expression of Cyp27a1 and Cyp27b1 and higher levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3. (medscape.com)

Importantly, NR1D1 action in adipocytes is critical to the development of obesity-related WAT pathology and insulin resistance. (elifesciences.org)

Extracellular matrix is a fibrillar network composed of structural (collagens) and adhesion (fibronectin) proteins crucial for tissue architecture and biological pathway Histol Histopathol 27:1515-1528, 2012 . (springer.com)
These macrophages were also highly imbued by known pro-inflammatory proteins, NLRP3 inflammasome and Caspase-1 which are associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance in adipose tissue. (oulu.fi)

Here we report that antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and other ligands for the nuclear receptor PPARγ dramatically upregulate oxidized LDL receptor 1 (OLR1) in adipocytes by facilitating the exchange of coactivators for corepressors on the OLR1 gene in cultured mouse adipocytes. (jci.org)
These data identify OLR1 as a novel PPARγ target gene in adipocytes. (jci.org)
OBJECTIVE- We identified lipocalin 2 ( Lcn2 ) as a gene induced by dexamethasone and tumor necrosis factor-α in cultured adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
The virus DNA apparently continues to alter gene expression chronically in tissues. (cdc.gov)

Alternatively, if immature precursors of BAT are already present in WAT, these can differentiate into mature brown adipocytes. (news-medical.net)
Besides, they were able to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. (scielo.br)

Here we show that in adipocytes, chronically high insulin levels inhibit β-adrenergic receptors (but not other cAMP-elevating stimuli) from activating PKA. (nature.com)
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- We examined Lcn2 expression in murine tissues and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the presence and absence of various stimuli. (diabetesjournals.org)

Collagen VI (COL6) is highly expressed in adipose tissue, upregulated in the obese state, and enriched in breast cancer lesions and is a stimulator of mammary tumor growth. (jci.org)
Collagens are crucial for the ECM architecture and particularly collagen I, III and VI are key components in animal tissues. (springer.com)

The current proposal aims to determine the dynamics of human adipose tissue maintenance and investigate any differences in regulation of the fat mass in lean and obese individuals. (europa.eu)
Alison's previous wet-lab research interests lie in adipose tissue regulation, obesity and developmental origins of health and disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Increased fat storage in fully differentiated adipocytes, resulting in enlarged fat cells, is well documented and thought to be the most important mechanism whereby fat depots increase in adults. (europa.eu)

Adipocytes represent a major cell type in the mammary tumor microenvironment and are important for tumor growth. (jci.org)
Hence, the adipocyte, as a major constituent of the mammary tumor stroma ( 3 ), is a likely contributor to tumor growth. (jci.org)
Studies investigating mammary adipocytes and breast adipose tissue in women with obesity versus women without obesity are, however, sparse and further research is needed. (lu.se)

Lcn2 serum levels are elevated in multiple rodent models of obesity, and forced reduction of Lcn2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes improves insulin action. (diabetesjournals.org)
Changes in adiposity may redistribute POPs between serum and adipose tissue. (cdc.gov)
[ 5 , 6 ] An alternative hypothesis considers low serum 25(OH)D in obese as a result of volumetric dilution of vitamin D in the large adipose stores. (medscape.com)

Anatomy33

Organisms12

Diseases28

Chemicals and Drugs110

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes56

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science2

Health Care3

Geographicals1

Role of adipose tissue3

Differentiation11

Lipid16

Metabolism5

Adiponectin10

Visceral2

Accumulation8

Inguinal white adipos2

Mature adipocytes3

Brown adipos13

Inflammation9

Glucose4

Marrow adipose2

Expression in white adipos1

Brite3

Triglycerides4

Hypertrophy1

Subcutaneous white adipose1

Skeletal muscle1

Cells in adipose1

Fibrosis5

Metabolic7

Abstract1

Lipolysis1

Lipodystrophy6

Energy expenditure1

Accumulates2

Control adipose2

Stromal cells2

Mice5

Stem9

Excess2

Liver5

Therapeutic1

White7

Humans3

Beige2

Protein8

Obese subjects1

Constitutive1

Expansion1

Decreases2

Dysfunction2

Uptake3

Obesity-related1

Proteins2

Gene4

Differentiate2

Stimuli2

Collagen2

Regulation2

Depots1

Mammary3

Serum3