MetabolismTriglyceridesStored adipose tissueLipolysisLipoproteinsTriacylglycerolsTissuesFree fattyJournal of Lipid ResearchLiverAccumulationRegulationAdipocytesLipogenesisGlucoseOxidationSterol LipidsTriglyceride lipaseDropletsOBESITYWhite adiposSubcutaneousPathwaysPhospholipidsIntracellularPromotes lipidAdipocyteUtilizationTissue morphologyCarbohydrateDepositionGlucagonOrganic compoundsProteinsMetabolitesBilayerInsulin resistanceMoleculesLactationBiologicalATGLExcessiveCellsMuscle tissueOccursTriggers
Metabolism17
- Objective: Our objective was to provide a detailed assessment of the metabolic effects of SRD5A inhibition and in particular the impact on hepatic lipid metabolism. (whiterose.ac.uk)
- Analysis of the serum metabolome demonstrated that in the fasted state, dutasteride had a significant effect on lipid metabolism. (whiterose.ac.uk)
- Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) are clinical conditions involving the impaired uptake and utilization of glucose, altered lipid metabolism, and the disruption of the metabolic signaling pathways that regulate insulin secretion from pancreas ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
- How does exercise affect lipid metabolism? (pfeiffertheface.com)
- Thus, regular physical activity leads to a reduction of adipose tissue mass and improves metabolism. (pfeiffertheface.com)
- How can I increase my lipid metabolism? (pfeiffertheface.com)
- Why do endurant individuals rely prefer lipid metabolism? (pfeiffertheface.com)
- Furthermore, our results are consistent with the fact that endurant individuals rely preferentially on lipid metabolism, because oxidative phosphorylation of fatty acids in muscle mitochondria produces a high yield of ATP, necessary for prolonged contraction of muscle fibers. (pfeiffertheface.com)
- Adipose tissue is central to the regulation of lipid metabolism. (pku.edu.cn)
- The possibility to increase lipid metabolism in obese patients could be related to the fact that a higher insulin concentration with small increase in the number of insulin binding sites could be linked to better where to purchase xanax online fat oxidation as well to an improved mitochondrial function (6). (wsicycling.com)
- Sheridan, MA 1994, ' Regulation of lipid metabolism in poikilothermic vertebrates ', Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and , vol. 107, no. 4, pp. 495-508. (ttu.edu)
- OBJECTIVE -To elucidate the effects of pioglitazone treatment on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
- On the other hand, the terminal differentiation phase was enriched with genes involved in energy production, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
- GLP-1R activation results in feeding suppression, while GCGR activation stimulates increased energy expenditure, adipose tissue browning, mobilization and metabolism of fat, leading to substantial body weight loss and clearance of liver fat in animal models 12 - 17 . (researchsquare.com)
- Glycerophospholipids , also referred to as phospholipids , are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling. (wikidoc.org)
- The brain modulates various aspects of metabolism, such as food intake, energy expenditure, insulin secretion, hepatic glucose production and glucose/fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. (nature.com)
- White adipose tissue (WAT) and Brown adipose tissue (BAT) are modulators of metabolism. (bpgbio.com)
Triglycerides8
- Unlike the change in other lipids, lower triglycerides are usually present right after exercise. (pfeiffertheface.com)
- Consistent with the view that adipose tissue behaves as a cholesterol sink, and its accumulation is proportional to triglycerides in response to nutritional changes to maintain cellular integrity and to regulate cellular hypertrophy, it is not surprising that adipocytes have developed a unique ability to deal with cholesterol ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- There the triglycerides are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids and glycerol through the action of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase, which is bound to the external surface of adipose cells. (creative-proteomics.com)
- The liberated free fatty acids are then taken up by the adipose cells and resynthesized into triglycerides, which accumulate in a fat droplet in each cell. (creative-proteomics.com)
- For example, insulin resistance in fat cells reduces the normal effects of insulin on lipids and results in reduced uptake of circulating lipids and increased hydrolysis of stored triglycerides . (thediabeticpharmacist.com)
- Triglycerides are sourced from consumption of high-fat foods, or synthesized in the liver or adipose tissue ( Alves-Bezerra and Cohen 2017 ). (biocrates.com)
- Like all lipids, triglycerides (or triacylglycerols) are composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. (biocrates.com)
- Although the term lipid is sometimes used as a synonym for fats , fats are a subgroup of lipids called triglycerides and should not be confused with the term fatty acid . (wikidoc.org)
Stored adipose tissue1
- When ursodeoxycholic acid is hydrolyzed in the liver and stored adipose tissue, some of the carboxyl groups may be retained and released in the blood as proatherogenic metabolites, which might be related to a possible increase in HDL-cholesterol concentrations, which are also increased in obese patients with T2DM. (wsicycling.com)
Lipolysis6
- Defects in ATGL can cause problems in lipolysis, leading to neutral lipid storage disease. (wikipedia.org)
- While LXR-deficient mice are leaner than littermate controls and are protected against diet-induced obesity, the mechanisms that control fat loss in these mice are still a matter of debate and could involve either reduced lipogenesis, enhanced lipid oxidation and lipolysis, or reduced cholesterol efflux pathways ( 14 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Thus, adipose mRNA expression of the genes is strongly related to adipose morphology, catecholamine-induced lipid mobilization (lipolysis), or insulin-stimulated lipid synthesis in adipocytes (lipogenesis). (scilifelab.se)
- During the fasting state, exercise, and cold exposure, the white adipose tissue mobilizes energy for peripheral tissues through lipolysis. (biomed.news)
- Our analysis identifies multiple lipid classes released by adipocytes in response to activation of lipolysis. (biomed.news)
- What signals LIPOLYSIS: adipocytes mobilization of TAG? (flashcardmachine.com)
Lipoproteins4
- Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes (Sixth ed. (wikipedia.org)
- Excess triglyceride is delivered to the adipose tissue by lipoproteins in the blood. (creative-proteomics.com)
- Lipid storage is influenced by de novo lipid synthesis and by lipid deposition from various plasma lipoproteins. (ttu.edu)
- Although lipids are a distinct class of biomolecules, we shall see that they often occur combined, either covalently or through weak bonds, with members of other classes of bio-molecules to yield hybrid molecules such as glycolipids , which contain both carbohydrate and lipid groups, "and lipoproteins , which contain both lipids and proteins. (medmuv.com)
Triacylglycerols2
- During exercise, triacylglycerols, an energy reservoir in adipose tissue, are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids (FAs) which are then released to the circulation, providing a fuel for working muscles. (pfeiffertheface.com)
- lipids are stored primarily as triacylglycerols, but various other lipid classes also are stored and constituent fatty acids tend to be more complex (longer chain, polyunsaturated). (ttu.edu)
Tissues7
- Circadian regulation of lipid mobilization in white adipose tissues. (uni-luebeck.de)
- A second class of lipid molecules is eicosanoids, which are produced in tissues and elicit cellular responses close to their site of origin. (creative-proteomics.com)
- Cachexia is a wasting disorder of adipose and skeletal muscle tissues that leads to profound weight loss and frailty. (phoenixpeptide.com)
- In lipodystrophy there is insufficient adipose tissue to absorb the postprandial influx of fatty acids, so these fatty acids will again be directed to other tissues. (cambridge.org)
- This view of the link between adipose tissue and insulin resistance emphasises the important role of adipose tissue in 'buffering' the daily influx of dietary fat entering the circulation and preventing excessive exposure of other tissues to this influx. (cambridge.org)
- The brain integrates metabolic signals from peripheral tissues such as the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, gut and muscle. (nature.com)
- This stimulates the release of insulin, which regulates the transfer of glucose into metabolically active tissues like those in skeletal muscle, adipose fat or the liver. (practicalhorsemanmag.com)
Free fatty2
- Although the white adipose tissue is known to release free fatty acids, a comprehensive analysis of lipids mobilized from white adipocytes in vivo has not been completed. (biomed.news)
- Increased mobilization of stored lipids in these cells elevates free fatty acids in the blood plasma . (thediabeticpharmacist.com)
Journal of Lipid Research2
- Journal of Lipid Research. (wikipedia.org)
- 2022 May 1, In: Journal of Lipid Research. (lu.se)
Liver7
- These transporters promote unidirectional cholesterol efflux to lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), apoE, or HDL particles, respectively, and are under the transcriptional control of liver X receptors (LXRs), master intracellular sensors that are activated in response to cholesterol biosynthetic intermediates and oxysterols ( 11 , 12 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- The mobilization of lipids from white adipose tissue to the liver can lead to excess triglyceride accumulation and fatty liver disease. (biomed.news)
- It is suggested that these changes are due to mobilization during lactation of the expanded adipose tissue lipid pool in the obese rats which results in overloading the liver with fatty acids. (psu.edu)
- Historically, the approach to resolve this situation has been to provide feed additives or treatments that act on fat tissue to inhibit fat mobilization and reduce NEFA entry into blood and subsequent uptake by the liver (Figure 1). (balchem.com)
- By supplementing rumen-protected choline you support lactation by not restricting fat mobilization and by facilitating fat export from the liver to the udder. (balchem.com)
- The first approach to managing fat mobilization should be to help the liver! (balchem.com)
- Endogenous synthesis occurs mostly in the liver and adipose tissue, but also in the intestines, muscles, brain and other organs. (biocrates.com)
Accumulation5
- Conclusions: Dual-SRD5A inhibition with dutasteride is associated with increased intrahepatic lipid accumulation. (whiterose.ac.uk)
- Lipid accumulation generally occurs in most poikilotherms during periods of feeding when plasma insulin levels are elevated. (ttu.edu)
- 2017). Numerous studies have shown that supplementation of rumen-protected choline reduces fat accumulation when dry or transition cows experience intense periods of NEFA mobilization (Cooke et al. (balchem.com)
- Moreover, I3C exerts anti-obesity effects by reducing body weight and fat accumulation in epididymal adipose tissue in HFD-induced obese mice and thereby improves hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia [126]. (researchgate.net)
- Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in cultured fish is an outstanding problem in aquaculture. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulation3
- Because adipose tissue triglyceride is a major form of energy storage, the study of how ATGL regulation and dysregulation can lead to potential problems will increase understanding of the pathophysiology behind metabolic disorders. (wikipedia.org)
- The adipose tissue comprises highly heterogeneous macrophage populations, which play critical roles in the regulation of adipose tissue function and dysfunction during health and disease. (biomed.news)
- Poikilothermic vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles) have evolved a number of life history patterns (smoltification, metamorphosis, hibernation) which present problems for lipid storage regulation. (ttu.edu)
Adipocytes6
- Despite cholesterol being delivered as cholesteryl ester in adipocytes, approximately 95% of cholesterol paradoxically exists as free cholesterol (FC) ( 7 ) and resides in the plasma membrane or the cytosolic interface of lipid droplets where it is readily available for mobilization ( 8 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Based on these observations, we propose that subcutaneous adipocytes and Vγ6+ cells act in concert to limit skin inflammation and adipose tissue wasting. (biomed.news)
- Furthermore, conditioned media from adipocytes promotes lipid remodeling in hepatocytes with concomitant changes in genes/pathways mediating lipid utilization. (biomed.news)
- In order to understand the development of adiposity, it is crucial to identify the factors and mechanisms that regulate the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of the vascular stromal fraction of the adipose tissue and its transformation into lipid-filled adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
- Therefore, growth of adipose tissue includes the hypertrophy of already existing adipocytes and the proliferation and differentiation of new ones from MSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
- We have previously shown that fish primary preadipocytes differentiate into mature adipocytes in vitro and that these cells represent a very helpful model system to study adipose tissue development in fish [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Lipogenesis1
- Intrahepatic lipid increased on MRS after dutasteride treatment and was associated with increased rates of de novo lipogenesis. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Glucose2
- Another mechanism that might underlie the findings of our study would be the induction of insulin-dependent glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in adipose tissue. (wsicycling.com)
- This insulin-dependent increase in muscle glucose uptake Alprazolam 2mg xr causes an increase in the production of fatty acids, thereby stimulating a catabolic response in muscle tissue and an enhanced adipose lipid mobilization and an increase of the production glucose associated with an increased glycemic response (7-9). (wsicycling.com)
Oxidation2
- When the Fatty acid (FA) oxidation capacity in the muscle decreases, the intramyocellular lipid concentration increases ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Endurance training characteristically increases fat oxidation during moderate intensity exercise by accelerating the oxidation of intramuscular triglyceride without increasing the mobilization or oxidation of plasma FFA. (pfeiffertheface.com)
Sterol Lipids1
- and sterol lipids and prenol lipids (derived from condensation of isoprene subunits). (wikidoc.org)
Triglyceride lipase1
- Adipose triglyceride lipase, also known as patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 and ATGL, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PNPLA2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Droplets2
- Lipid Droplets. (wikipedia.org)
- Moreover, during this phase an enrichment in genes involved in the formation of the lipid droplets was evidenced as well as the activation of the thyroid-receptor/retinoic X receptor (TR/RXR) and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
OBESITY2
- These findings illustrate an exquisite balance between adipose tissue cholesterol storage and plasma HDL cholesterol concentration and raise the question about the role that HDL cholesterol plays in obesity and associated metabolic complications. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Adipose tissue in obesity becomes refractory to suppression of fat mobilization by insulin, and also to the normal acute stimulatory effect of insulin on activation of lipoprotein lipase (involved in fat storage). (cambridge.org)
White adipos2
- Due to the high-fat content and softness, freezing and sectioning of adipose tissue is difficult, and distortion of tissue morphology typically occurs, especially in the case of white adipose tissue. (biomed.news)
- Macrophages are one of the prominent leukocyte populations in white adipose tissue (WAT) and play an important role during WAT homeostasis and remodeling. (biomed.news)
Subcutaneous4
- We show, in a cohort of 114 women, that almost half of the 96 genes in these loci are indeed associated with abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue parameters. (scilifelab.se)
- We detect expansion of dermal IL-17A-producing Vγ6+ cells during infection, which occurs in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. (biomed.news)
- In vivo, we observe that female mice deficient for IL-17A-producing Vγ6+ cells show extensive inflammation and limit subcutaneous adipose tissue wasting, independently of parasite burden. (biomed.news)
- The ongoing intensification of salmonids aquaculture industry has led to the development of diets with high lipid content, which can induce an increase in subcutaneous, intramuscular and especially in visceral fat depots [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathways1
- Lipids are a diverse group of compounds that have many key biological functions, such as acting as structural components of cell membranes, serving as energy storage sources and participating in signaling pathways. (wikidoc.org)
Phospholipids1
- Lipids also encompass molecules such as fatty acids and their derivatives (including tri- , di- , and monoglycerides and phospholipids ), as well as other sterol -containing metabolites such as cholesterol . (wikidoc.org)
Intracellular3
- Our results reveal that Seipin promotes adipose tissue fat storage by regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis. (pku.edu.cn)
- Very small amounts of special lipids act as both intracellular messengers and extracellular messengers such as hormones and pheromones. (creative-proteomics.com)
- Lipid mobilization is controlled by an intracellular lipase enzyme. (ttu.edu)
Promotes lipid1
- Like dSeipin, dSERCA cell-autonomously promotes lipid storage in Drosophila fat cells. (pku.edu.cn)
Adipocyte1
- Seipin plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation and lipid homeostasis, but its exact molecular functions are still unknown. (pku.edu.cn)
Utilization1
- Patterns of lipid storage and utilization reflect the special life histories of the animal group. (ttu.edu)
Tissue morphology1
- In conclusion, the genetic influence on body fat distribution could be mediated via several specific alterations in adipose tissue morphology and function, which in turn may influence the development of type 2 diabetes. (scilifelab.se)
Carbohydrate2
- Hepatic magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps incorporating stable isotopes with concomitant adipose tissue microdialysis were used to evaluate carbohydrate and lipid flux. (whiterose.ac.uk)
- The fat stored in adipose tissue arises from the dietary intake of fat or carbohydrate in excess of the energy requirements of the body. (creative-proteomics.com)
Deposition1
- Despite of the relevance of this issue, very little is known about the factors regulating the development of adipose tissue in fish, and the possible health alterations associated to an increased fat deposition. (biomedcentral.com)
Glucagon2
- The first of these are hormones such as insulin and glucagon and the lipids known collectively as steroid hormones. (creative-proteomics.com)
- How do Glucagon and Epi lead to TAG mobilization? (flashcardmachine.com)
Organic compounds1
- A lipid is any of various organic compounds that are insoluble in water. (creative-proteomics.com)
Proteins1
- Together with proteins and carbohydrates, lipids are one of the principal structural components of living cells. (creative-proteomics.com)
Metabolites1
- Thus, in the postprandial period especially, there is an excess flux of circulating lipid metabolites that would normally have been 'absorbed' by adipose tissue. (cambridge.org)
Bilayer1
- Biological membranes consist of a double sheet (known as a bilayer) of lipid molecules. (creative-proteomics.com)
Insulin resistance3
- Main Outcome Measure: Incorporation of hepatic lipid was measured with MRS. Results: Dutasteride, not finasteride, increased hepatic insulin resistance. (whiterose.ac.uk)
- Lipodystrophy, lack of adipose tissue, is also associated with insulin resistance. (cambridge.org)
- Any plausible explanation for the link between excess adipose tissue and insulin resistance needs to be able to account for this observation. (cambridge.org)
Molecules4
- The method of choice for the analysis of lipid molecules or huge assemblies of them (known as the lipidome) is undoubtedly mass spectrometry (MS), due to its sensitivity and specificity. (creative-proteomics.com)
- Lipid molecules have these properties because they consist largely of long hydrocarbon tails which are lipophilic in nature as well as polar headgroups (e.g. phosphate-based functionality, and/or inositol based functionality). (medmuv.com)
- Biological molecules that are insoluble in aqueous solutions and soluble in organic solvents are classified as lipids. (medmuv.com)
- The main biological functions of lipids include energy storage, acting as structural components of cell membranes , and participating as important signaling molecules . (wikidoc.org)
Lactation1
- There are situations in which suppression of fat mobilization has had a negative impact on lactation performance by restricting nutrients to the udder (Janovick et al. (balchem.com)
Biological5
- The majority of lipids in biological systems function either as a source of stored metabolic energy or as structural matrices and permeability barriers in biological membranes. (creative-proteomics.com)
- Most biological membranes contain a variety of lipids, including the various glycerophospholipids such as phosphatidyl-choline, -ethanolamine, -serine, -inositol, and -glycerol as well as sphingomyelin and, in some membranes, glycosphingolipids. (creative-proteomics.com)
- Biological functions of lipids (Bou Khalil, Maroun. (creative-proteomics.com)
- Since lipids play a crucial role in many biological processes, any imbalance in their homeostasis can lead to serious conditions in living organisms, such as chronic inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases, to name just a few. (creative-proteomics.com)
- [3] [4] The fatty acyl structure represents the major lipid building block of complex lipids and therefore is one of the most fundamental categories of biological lipids. (wikidoc.org)
ATGL1
- ATGL is also the key enzyme that would be able to maintain a balance between mobilization and lipid storage. (wikipedia.org)
Excessive1
- Controlling energy with high-fiber rations seems to improve DMI after parturition, thereby avoiding excessive adipose tissue lipid mobilization (Douglas et al. (illinois.edu)
Cells1
- Whole-amount staining is a powerful technique for macrophage characterization within the 3D environment of the adipose tissue, enabling the visualization of different macrophage populations and their interaction with other cells within their in vivo niche. (biomed.news)
Muscle tissue1
- note light-colored, lipid-filled muscle tissue. (medscape.com)
Occurs1
- Lipid depletion occurs during transitional and non-feeding periods and is especially apparent during salmonid smoltification and amphibian metamorphosis. (ttu.edu)
Triggers1
- Tumour-derived PTH-related protein triggers adipose tissue browning and cancer cachexia. (phoenixpeptide.com)