• In addition, curcumin downregulates the inflammatory cytokines, resistin and leptin, and upregulates adiponectin as well as other associated proteins. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Objective: We investigated whether lifestyle intervention during pregnancy modifies pregnancy leptin and adiponectin levels, adipokines and their association with body mass index (BMI). (scirp.org)
  • In covariance analysis including all covariates change in leptin was associated with gestational weight gain (p = 0.036), but change in adiponectin was not (p = 0.93). (scirp.org)
  • L. Hilakivi-Clarke, S. Assis, J. Raitanen and R. Luoto, "Effects of Dietary and Physical Activity Intervention during Pregnancy on Circulating Leptin and Adiponectin Levels," Food and Nutrition Sciences , Vol. 3 No. 4, 2012, pp. 556-567. (scirp.org)
  • Y. B. Kim, S. Uotani, D. D. Pierroz, J. S. Flier and B. B. Kahn, "In Vivo Administration of Leptin Activates Signal Transduction Directly in Insulin-Sensitive Tissues: Overlapping But Distinct Pathways from Insulin," Endocrinology, Vol. 141, No. 7, 2000, pp. 2328-2339. (scirp.org)
  • M. Matsubara, S. Maruoka and S. Katayose, "Inverse Relationship between Plasma Adiponectin and Leptin Concentrations in Normal-Weight and Obese Women," European Journal of Endocrinology, Vol. 147, No. 2, 2002, pp. 173-180. (scirp.org)
  • In addition to their main functions, adipocytes have endocrine functions and can secrete a variety of adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin ( 2 - 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This is where he should have mentioned leptin signaling, and the circuits in the brain that regulate body fat mass, which would have taken the book in a more compelling direction. (blogspot.com)
  • Adipocytokines are bioactive products produced by adipose tissue and include inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-8), angiogenic proteins (VEGF), and metabolic regulators (adiponectin, leptin). (rndsystems.com)
  • In this review, I assess the evidence for the direct regulation of beta cell function by the adipokines leptin, adiponectin, extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, apelin, resistin, retinol binding protein 4, fibroblast growth factor 21, nesfatin-1 and fatty acid binding protein 4. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • The interactions of curcumin with several signal transduction pathways reverse insulinresistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and other inflammatory symptoms associated with obesity and metabolic diseases. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • The modulation of several cellular transduction pathways by curcumin has recently been extended to elucidate the molecular basis for obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Overall, the results indicate that 11β-HSD1 amplifies inflammatory responses by activating the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. (ac.ir)
  • Chronically high insulin levels may disrupt the close apposition of β-adrenergic receptors and PKA, identifying a new mechanism for crosstalk between heterologous signal transduction pathways. (nature.com)
  • cellular actions of insulin involve a wide variety of effects on postreceptor signaling pathways within target cells. (medscape.com)
  • Adiponectin (APN) is the most abundant adipocytokine primarily secreted by adipose tissues and regulates various physiological processes via its receptors (AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and T-cadherin) [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Data on adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1, -R2) in osteoclasts have shown discrepancies. (uea.ac.uk)
  • The immunofluorescence patterns suggest that adiponectin receptors are located, or re-located, in the plasma membrane with distribution in the cytoplasm when mononuclear cells are committed to differentiate to osteoclasts. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Gallagher, James A. / Adiponectin receptors are present in RANK-L-induced multinucleated osteoclast-like cells . (uea.ac.uk)
  • e.g. inflammation, genotoxicity, and This chapter focuses on issues as- ellers, growth factors, growth factor epigenetic alterations) and can have sociated with the understanding and receptors, signal transducers, and both genetic and epigenetic origins. (who.int)
  • Curcumin interacts with specific proteins in adipocytes, pancreatic cells, hepatic stellate cells, macrophages, and muscle cells, where it suppresses several cellular proteins such as transcription factor NF-kB, STAT-3, Wnt/β-catenin and activates PPAR-γ, Nrf2 cell signaling pathway. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Conclusions Our findings suggest that DIM may improve insulin sensitivity through the activation of the insulin signaling pathway, leading to enhanced glucose uptake. (researchgate.net)
  • 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
  • These findings could be a reasonable explanation for the controversy found in the published literature regarding the role of adiponectin in bone metabolism. (uea.ac.uk)
  • In addition to the metabolic influence on metabolism of glucose and lipids, adiponectin reveals direct vasoprotective and antiatherogenic effects on endothelial cells. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
  • The reason insulin suppresses fat burning is because it's a signal of glucose abundance. (blogspot.com)
  • Previous studies have found that DIM can improve type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose uptake through the activation of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 cells, and by lowering the plasma glucose levels in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice [13, 14]. (researchgate.net)
  • failure of the signals or of the B cells to adapt adequately in relation to insulin sensitivity results in inappropriate insulin levels, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes. (medscape.com)
  • These potential signaling mediators include glucose, free fatty acids, autonomic nerves, fat-derived hormones (eg, adiponectin), and the gut hormone glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1). (medscape.com)
  • Low plasma levels of the anti-inflammatory factor adiponectin characterize obesity and insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In conclusion, our data suggest a transcriptional mechanism leading to decreased adiponectin plasma levels in obese women and demonstrate that low levels of adiponectin are associated with higher levels of hs-CRP and IL-6, two inflammatory mediators and markers of increased cardiovascular risk. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. (hindawi.com)
  • Increased cytokines, including IL-6, activated microglial cells, and inflammatory signaling like NF-kB, have been reported in the aged brain, indicating dysregulated mitochondria's role as the inflammatory process driver [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Currently, ARDS treatment includes ventilation and antivirals but the drugs we are investigating could address the fundamental overwhelming inflammatory response by targeting the signaling hormones responsible for it. (debuglies.com)
  • Hormones mobilize intracellular second messengers and initiate signalling cascades involving protein kinases and phosphatases, which are often spatially compartmentalized by anchoring proteins to increase signalling specificity 1 . (nature.com)
  • Many of the biological effects of flavonoids appear to be related to their ability to modulate a number of cell-signaling cascades. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Besides their central role in energy metabolism, mitochondria are primary mediators of inflammation, and impaired mitochondria can modulate innate immunity via redox-signaling or direct inflammasome activation [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adiponectin is an adipokine that has been related to bone metabolism. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Here, we show that a group of neurons in the Drosophila larval brain expresses the adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) and controls systemic growth and metabolism through insulin signaling. (cnrs.fr)
  • In addition to such coarse-grained signals of organismal physiology, it is increasingly understood that more detailed molecular signals can be communicated between distant tissues. (elifesciences.org)
  • Adiponectin plasma levels and adipose-tissue gene expression were significantly lower in obese subjects and inversely correlated with obesity-associated variables, including high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The induction of mRNA and protein of CYP2C19 shows a large interindividual variability en t In the human liver. (c-kitinhibitors.com)
  • DeMarini, and Chapter 20, by Rice and cell death determine the size protein in several signal ing path- and Herceg). (who.int)
  • The disparate functions of different cell types are coordinated by a wide array of mechanisms, including direct cell-cell contacts within a tissue, shared access to nutrient pools, and both local (paracrine) and longer-range trafficking of small molecule and peptide signals. (elifesciences.org)
  • This amplification of cAMP signalling is paradoxical because it should enhance lipolysis, the opposite of the known short-term effect of hyperinsulinaemia. (nature.com)
  • We further show that central AdipoR signaling inhibits peripheral Juvenile Hormone (JH) response, promoting insulin signaling. (cnrs.fr)
  • Several mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction have been reported, including impaired signal transduction or substrate availibility, impaired release of EDRF, increased destruction of EDRF, enhanced release of endothelium-derived constricting factors and decreased sensitivity of the vascular smooth muscle to EDRF. (scienceopen.com)
  • As an outcome of the two-part signalling and/or cell-cycle control. (who.int)
  • Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)