• The increase in plasma adiponectin is strongly associated with a decrease in hepatic fat content and improvements in hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. (nih.gov)
  • Liver-specific Ttp-KO (lsTtp-KO) mice challenged with high-fat diet (HFD) have improved glucose tolerance and peripheral insulin sensitivity compared with littermate controls. (jci.org)
  • Thus, hepatic TTP posttranscriptionally regulates systemic insulin sensitivity in diabetes through liver-derived FGF21. (jci.org)
  • We examined the effect of three months of rosiglitazone treatment (4 mg b.i.d.) on whole-body insulin sensitivity and in vivo peripheral adipocyte insulin sensitivity as assessed by glycerol release in microdialysis from subcutaneous fat during a two-step (20 and 120 mU · m −2 · min −1 ) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in nine type 2 diabetic subjects. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 0.05) and a 52% increase in the sensitivity of peripheral adipocytes to the inhibitory effects of insulin on lipolysis ( P = 0.04). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis that thiazolidinediones enhance insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes by promoting increased insulin sensitivity in peripheral adipocytes, which results in lower plasma fatty acid concentrations and a redistribution of intracellular lipid from insulin responsive organs into peripheral adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Intermittent fasting can also encourage testosterone's ability to improve insulin sensitivity. (semaglutideweightlossclinic.com)
  • For many years, scientists have researched how lipoic acid affects insulin sensitivity and the severity of diabetes-related disorders, including heart disease, stroke, glaucoma, neuropathic pain, and kidney disease. (lifeextension.com)
  • Lipoic acid's benefits in diabetic neuropathy-and in diabetes as a whole-arise from its striking ability to dramatically improve glucose control and restore insulin sensitivity. (lifeextension.com)
  • The results suggest that improvements in CEC, through improvement in adipose tissue health in terms of adipokine secretion and insulin sensitivity could be an important pathway in modulating obesity-related CVD risk. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In multiple linear regression analysis, log adiponectin was positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (β = 0.006), whereas it was negatively associated with serum albumin (β = −0.284), triglyceride (log β = −0.288), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (log β = −0.058) levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (β = −0.005). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The most important influencer of AMPk activity ultimately appears to be the sensitivity of the cell to the hormone insulin. (doctormurray.com)
  • So, while adiponectin is associated with improved insulin sensitivity and metabolism, resistin is associated with poor blood sugar control, increased blood lipids, and the development of atherosclerosis . (doctormurray.com)
  • 4.Zou T, Li 5, Wang B, Wang Z, Liu Y, You J. Curcumin improves insulin sensitivity and increases energy expenditure in high-fat-diet-induced obesity associated with activation of FNDCS/irisin. (yoursecretskills.com)
  • A wealth of published data documents the ability of carnitine to improve insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial function, and cardiovascular health. (lifeextension.com)
  • Previous studies revealed the potential significance of circulating adiponectin levels with respect to the diagnosis and prediction of metabolic syndrome, but uncertainty has been noted across different cohorts. (frontiersin.org)
  • Systematic evaluation was performed for diagnostic accuracy and predictivity of adiponectin variation for metabolic syndrome in enrolled studies including 1,248 and 6,020 subjects, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
  • Adiponectin can identify metabolic syndrome with moderate accuracy (area under the curve = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.77-0.84). (frontiersin.org)
  • Heterogeneity analysis revealed that an increasing index of insulin resistance was independently associated with improving the performance of adiponectin upon metabolic syndrome diagnosis (ratio of diagnostic odds ratio = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.13-13.9). (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, reductions in adiponectin were associated with increasing metabolic syndrome incidence in a linear dose-response manner. (frontiersin.org)
  • In conclusion, adiponectin measurement might have potential benefits in the detection of metabolic syndrome. (frontiersin.org)
  • Lipoic acid displays striking benefits in components of metabolic syndrome, including inducing weight loss, improving insulin resistance, and lowering blood pressure. (lifeextension.com)
  • Meanwhile, the relationship between adiponectin and metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic kidney disease has not been clarified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between adiponectin level and metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic kidney disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The median adiponectin level was 10.7 μg/mL and 585 (44.3%) patients had metabolic syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Regarding the important impact on clinical outcomes of metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic kidney disease, clarification of the relationship between metabolic syndrome and adiponectin level is mandatory. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intervention with citrus flavonoids reverses obesity and improves metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis in obesity. (yoursecretskills.com)
  • with insulin resistance being the hallmark feature of Metabolic Syndrome. (astamatrix.com)
  • In conclusion, PIO treatment in type 2 diabetes causes a 3-fold increase in plasma adiponectin concentration. (nih.gov)
  • The increase in plasma adiponectin concentration after thiazolidinedione therapy may play an important role in reversing the abnormality in hepatic fat mobilization and the hepatic/muscle insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. (nih.gov)
  • Adiponectin (Adpn), an adipokine which displays insulin-sensitive properties, is a very promising target to tackle the cardiometabolic complications associated with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). (anr.fr)
  • It has long been established that obese individuals are typically insulin resistant and predisposed to such disorders as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, NAFLD and certain cancers. (bu.edu)
  • Type 2 diabetes is the outcome of prolonged insulin resistance, characterised by high blood glucose levels and several complications. (my.id)
  • A small study from 2021 found that IF lowered insulin resistance in 13 adults with type 2 diabetes. (my.id)
  • When the team reversed this imbalance in a mouse model and fed them a high-fat diet, the mice were resistant to body weight gain, insulin resistance (a precursor to type 2 diabetes), and fatty liver disease. (medindia.net)
  • Insuf﫿cient adipose lipid storage is asso- ciated with many pathological conditions including hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. (deepdyve.com)
  • Ostrowska, L., Fiedorczuk, J. and Adamska, E. (2013) Effect of Diet and Other Factors on Serum Adiponectin Concentrations in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. (scirp.org)
  • Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder in which the body does not properly utilize insulin. (holtorfmed.com)
  • Legume consumption and its association with fasting glucose, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in the Indian Migration Study. (fertilitymex.com)
  • Low plasma levels of the anti-inflammatory factor adiponectin characterize obesity and insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Adiponectin plasma levels and adipose-tissue gene expression were significantly lower in obese subjects and inversely correlated with obesity-associated variables, including high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 0.05), whereas the inverse correlation between adiponectin plasma levels or adiponectin gene expression in adipose tissue with plasma IL-6 were largely dependent on the clustering of obesity-associated variables. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Reports suggest that orexins may be the key brain components to mediate the mechanism of obesity resistance. (researchgate.net)
  • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder closely associated with insulin resistance and obesity. (esmed.org)
  • Here, the effect of MTF on the expression of molecules associated with insulin and adiponectin signaling in endometrial tissue and cells exposed to conditions that partly emulate obesity was evaluated. (esmed.org)
  • For this, endometrial tissue obtained from five women groups was used: Normal-Weight (control group), Obesity-Insulin Resistance (IR), Obesity-IR-PCOS, Obesity-IR-MTF and Obesity-IR-PCOS-MTF. (esmed.org)
  • The results show that insulin and adiponectin molecules signaling were diminished in endometrium from women with obesity, IR and PCOS compared with control group. (esmed.org)
  • The results indicate that independent of PCOS, MTF (or adiponectin agonist) can re-establish levels of molecules involved in insulin action in endometrial cells, could improving the reproductive failures observed in women with obesity and PCOS. (esmed.org)
  • Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (Sanford-Burnham) have discovered that an imbalance between an enzyme called neutrophil elastase and its inhibitor causes inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance, and fatty liver disease. (medindia.net)
  • In this report, you will discover how the alpha lipoic acid benefits vital cellular energy while shielding against and possibly reversing the damaging effects of disorders that include diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. (lifeextension.com)
  • Low adiponectin levels in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have been largely attributed to obesity which is common among these patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although low adiponectin levels have been associated with PCOS which is mainly attributed to obesity among these patients, studies have also suggested that low adiponectin in PCOS may be related to IR in these women. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The study included 56 individuals with obesity, of whom 30 individuals underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) and twenty-six underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In particular, an altered gut flora (dysbiosis) produced by a diet high in fat or low in fiber has been suggested as one of the causes of the development of obesity and the increased risk of developing insulin resistance. (doctormurray.com)
  • Insulin resistance is closely tied to abdominal obesity. (doctormurray.com)
  • You see, omega-3 fatty acids have not only been correlated with the prevention of obesity , but they also help such normalize the levels of lipids (fat) in your blood, regulate chemicals called adipokines that influence your body weight, make your body cells sensitive to insulin, and alleviate inflammation. (astamatrix.com)
  • Adiponectin (also referred to as GBP-28, apM1, AdipoQ and Acrp30) is a protein hormone and adipokine, which is involved in regulating glucose levels and fatty acid breakdown. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adiponectin is a fat tissue-derived adipokine with beneficial effects against diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • Downregulation of hepatic Fgf21 via an adeno-associated virus-driven shRNA in mice fed HFD reverses the insulin-sensitizing effects of hepatic Ttp deletion. (jci.org)
  • 1 The main function of insulin is to maintain glucose homeostasis, enabling glucose absorption and inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, besides acting as an anabolic hormone that favors not only the absorption of amino acids and fatty acids, but also promotes cell growth and energy storage. (researchsquare.com)
  • Isothiocyanate-rich Moringa oleifera extract reduces weight gain, insulin resistance, and hepatic gluconeogenesis. (yoursecretskills.com)
  • Transgenic mice with increased adiponectin show reduced adipocyte differentiation and increased energy expenditure associated with mitochondrial uncoupling. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although young PTG heterozygous mice initially demonstrate normal glucose tolerance, progressive glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance develop with aging. (jci.org)
  • Insulin resistance in older PTG heterozygous mice correlates with a significant increase in muscle triglyceride content, with a corresponding attenuation of insulin receptor signaling. (jci.org)
  • Here, we show that the RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) is reduced in the livers of diabetic mice and humans and is transcriptionally induced in response to insulin treatment in murine livers in vitro and in vivo. (jci.org)
  • Consistent with increased FGF21, lsTtp-KO mice fed HFD have increased brown fat activation, peripheral tissue glucose uptake, and adiponectin production compared with littermate controls. (jci.org)
  • Thus, AT-derived Adpn-enriched EVs are indeed able to reverse insulin-resistance of obese mice, by contrast to EVs devoid of any Adpn. (anr.fr)
  • Of note, ADP-1 decreased blood glucose levels and enhanced insulin production in pancreatic β cells in db/db mice. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • Those mice were also protected against inflammation, insulin resistance, and fatty liver. (medindia.net)
  • Normal mice on a high-fat diet were also protected against inflammation, insulin resistance, and fatty liver when they were given a chemical compound that inhibits neutrophil elastase. (medindia.net)
  • They discovered that neutrophil elastase-deficient mice have increased levels of several factors, including adiponectin, AMPK, and fatty acid oxidation. (medindia.net)
  • Molecular 'switch' reverses chronic inflammation and aging - Science Daily, 2/6/20 - 'By studying mice and immune cells called macrophages, the team found that a protein called SIRT2 is responsible for deacetylating the NLRP3 inflammasome. (qualitycounts.com)
  • These processes to severe lipodystrophy and induces insulin resistance in mice (He et al. (deepdyve.com)
  • That led to studies in animals that found that switching the bacterial flora from the colons between fat and skinny mice would reverse their condition. (doctormurray.com)
  • To elucidate the relationship between plasma levels of adiponectin, adiponectin gene expression in adipose tissue, and markers of inflammation, we obtained blood samples, anthropometric measures, and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from 65 postmenopausal healthy women. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • A 2019 study observed beneficial outcomes from administering 6 hours of eating followed by 18 hours of fasting, including decreased inflammation, reduced insulin levels, improved markers of illnesses such as asthma and arthritis, as well as reduced damaged cells, which could increase the risk of cancer. (my.id)
  • The study was designed to evaluate the role of inflammation markers in the development of insulin resistance, microvascular dysfunction, and endothelial dysfunction and eventually the progression to (pre)diabetes and (pre)hypertension. (hindawi.com)
  • recent studies have identified measures potentially available to everyone that can minimize the potency of chronic inflammation and stymie - and possibly even reverse - its progression. (qualitycounts.com)
  • This can help reverse weight gain and belly fat buildup caused by inflammation. (cibdol.com)
  • If adiponectin levels in younger and lean women provide similar association with PCOS as in obese patients, the level of adiponectin may be a useful proxy measure of an ongoing ovarian disease in women with atypical presentation of PCOS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between adiponectin and PCOS after adjusting for co-variates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plasma levels of adiponectin are lower in obese subjects than in lean subjects. (wikipedia.org)
  • In conclusion, our data suggest a transcriptional mechanism leading to decreased adiponectin plasma levels in obese women and demonstrate that low levels of adiponectin are associated with higher levels of hs-CRP and IL-6, two inflammatory mediators and markers of increased cardiovascular risk. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • HFC (magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and basal plasma adiponectin concentration were quantitated before and after PIO (45 mg/d) for 16 wk. (nih.gov)
  • Adipose tissue deficiency and lipodystrophy are associated with dysregulated adipokines, which provide the basis for age-associated adverse metabolic consequences, including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, indicating that the adipose endocrine system is critically important for maintaining whole-body homeostasis [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Circulating adiponectin concentrations increase during caloric restriction in animals and humans, such as in patients with anorexia nervosa. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, IR should be considered as a systemic disease with the need for early diagnosis and treatment in order to improve insulin action and consequently avoid complications. (researchsquare.com)
  • Intensive control of plasma glucose can prevent or delay many of these complications but will not reverse them once established. (msdmanuals.com)
  • [ 8 ] Metabolic abnormalities associated with ART include insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and endothelial dysfunction, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. (medscape.com)
  • Adiponectin is a protein hormone that modulates a number of metabolic processes, including glucose regulation and fatty acid oxidation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adiponectin (ADPQ), which is encoded by the AdipoQ gene located on chromosome 3q27.3, is a 244-amino acid pleiotropic hormone with a molecular weight of approximately 30 kDa for its basic subunit. (frontiersin.org)
  • Human insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the beta-cells (β-cell) of the pancreas, and its release is dependent on glucose levels in the circulation, in addition amino acids, incretins and cholecystokinin also promote its release. (researchsquare.com)
  • Insulin is a hormone that plays an essential role in the body's ability to regulate blood sugar and utilize glucose. (holtorfmed.com)
  • As the number and size of fat cells increase, they lead to a reduction in the secretion of compounds that promote insulin action, including a novel protein produced by fat cells known as adiponectin. (doctormurray.com)
  • Making matters even worse is that there is also an increase in the secretion of a substance known as resistin that dampens the effect of insulin. (doctormurray.com)
  • Because of limitations in production of biologically active adiponectin, adiponectin-mimetic AdipoRs' agonists have been suggested as alternative ways to expand the opportunity to develop anti-diabetic agents. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • Humans with lower levels of adiponectin have reduced cognitive function. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cellular model also showed that TNFα decreased levels of molecules related to insulin and adiponectin, whereas MTF can revert these levels to basal condition. (esmed.org)
  • Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the association of adiponectin levels in young and lean women with PCOS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Serum adiponectin levels are independently associated with PCOS and are only partly explained by IR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In these women, it is not certain that to what extent, the IR determines the levels of adiponectin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The change in CEC correlated with the change in apo A-I (r = 0.39, p = 0.02) and adiponectin levels (r = 0.35, p = 0.03). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Total serum adiponectin levels were measured by immunoassay. (who.int)
  • T2DM patients had reduced adiponectin levels compared with controls. (who.int)
  • The rare G allele of +45T>G occurred more frequently than the common T allele in T2DM patients compared with controls, and was associated with lower serum adiponectin levels. (who.int)
  • The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an Eight-week resistance training on ActRIIβin the myocardial left ventricular and plasma levels of GDF11, GDF8 in old male rats. (ac.ir)
  • Probiotics appear to help prevent and fight insulin resistance by increasing adiponectin levels and lowering resistin levels which in turn lead to AMPk activation. (doctormurray.com)
  • 15-17 Fortunately, carnitine supplementation has proven to be remarkably effective in fighting and even reversing the heart-weakening effects from that drop in carnitine levels. (lifeextension.com)
  • Treatment is diet, exercise, and medications that reduce glucose levels, including insulin , oral antihyperglycemic medications, and non- insulin injectable medications. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A collagen domain-derived short adiponectin peptide activates APPL1 and AMPK signaling pathways and improves glucose and fatty acid metabolisms. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • Initial studies of bariatric surgery patients by the Ruderman laboratory established (1) that they could be subdivided into insulin resistant (75%) and insulin sensitive (25%) subgroups and (2) that these subgroups were distinguished by differences in AMPK activity, oxidative stress and the expression of inflammatory, mitochondrial and other genes in their adipose tissue. (bu.edu)
  • Hence, with insulin resistance there is reduced AMPk activity. (doctormurray.com)
  • Our next step is now to find a drug company or to get Lilly to make an injectable form of Blood Serum Adiponectin so that it isn't so hard on the liver. (poz.com)
  • Initially, three adiponectin molecules bind together to form a homotrimer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Accordingly, adiponectin-mimetic molecules possess significant pharmacological potential. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • Studies have been shown that endometrium from women with PCOS presents failures in insulin action, glucose uptake and signaling of insulin-sensitizer molecules as adiponectin, which could explain the reproductive failures observed in these women. (esmed.org)
  • Endometrial tissues and cells were used to evaluate the effect of MTF on insulin and adiponectin molecules signaling by immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry, respectively. (esmed.org)
  • The same effect was observed with AdipoRon on insulin and adiponectin molecules signaling in endometrial cells treated with TNFα. (esmed.org)
  • The intracellular signaling pathway of IR is complex, involving several factors and molecules, and activation of specific points has been demonstrated in individuals with insulin resistance. (researchsquare.com)
  • More specifically, proinflammatory adipokines from visceral adipose tissue may initiate the development of insulin resistance, microvascular dysfunction, and endothelial dysfunction. (hindawi.com)
  • Insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction have both been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension [ 3 - 7 ] and atherosclerosis [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Nous avons génotypé les deux polymorphismes mononucléotidiques du gène ADIPOQ chez 140 patients atteints de DNID sans lien de parenté et 66 témoins non diabétiques en recourant à l'analyse du polymorphisme de longueur des fragments de restriction par réaction en chaîne de polymérase. (who.int)
  • Therefore, if we take into consideration the repercussions of IR on the different organs, it is interesting to differentiate between the outcomes secondary to over activation of signaling pathways that remain sensitive to insulin versus changes that are a consequence of an impaired ability of insulin to regulate glucose metabolism. (researchsquare.com)
  • Eventually, the pancreas becomes incapable of producing enough insulin to regulate glucose, resulting in increased amounts of glucose circulating in the bloodstream. (holtorfmed.com)
  • Adiponectin is a 244-amino-acid-long polypeptide (protein). (wikipedia.org)
  • Adiponectin is secreted into the bloodstream, where it accounts for about 0.01% of all plasma protein at around 5-10 μg/mL. (wikipedia.org)
  • So far, two receptors have been identified with homology to G protein-coupled receptors, and one receptor similar to the cadherin family: Adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) Adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) T-cadherin - CDH13 These have distinct tissue specificities within the body and have different affinities to the various forms of adiponectin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor is a protein found on the surface of human cells. (igf1rsignal.com)
  • A wealth of emerging technology demonstrates that as we gain control over individual mechanisms involved in cellular aging, systemic symptoms of degeneration can be slowed or even reversed . (lifeextension.com)
  • All but adiponectin were significantly associated with capillary density, but none were associated with ACR. (hindawi.com)
  • Females with a family history of PCOS were significantly more likely to have lower adiponectin (OR = 3.32, 95% CI 1.27-8.67, p-value 0.014) compared to those who did not have a family history of PCOS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is our goal to establish an ARC focused on understanding the relationship between metabolic disorders and Adipose Tissue Biology by studying adipose tissues from insulin sensitive and insulin resistant patients obtained during and after Bariatric Surgery. (bu.edu)
  • Some studies found patients were able to reverse their need for insulin therapy during therapeutic intermittent fasting protocols with supervision by their physician. (my.id)
  • However, studies on the role of adiponectin in younger and lean patients are limited. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the role of adiponectin in younger and lean patients has been examined only in few studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Treatment with Metformin (MTF) can reverse some alterations associated with insulin signaling in endometrial tissues, but the mechanism by which MTF can enhance insulin action in endometrial cells is not fully understood. (esmed.org)
  • Several mechanisms have been suggested to justify the development of IR, among which are genetic alterations in proteins of the insulin action cascade, visceral fat thickening and fetal malnutrition. (researchsquare.com)
  • Alterations in normal insulin signaling pathways contribute as increased risk factors for the development of dysfunctions on the various organs. (researchsquare.com)
  • However, coronary artery disease has been found to be positively associated with high molecular weight adiponectin, but not with low molecular weight adiponectin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adiponectin (APN) is the most abundant adipocytokine primarily secreted by adipose tissues and regulates various physiological processes via its receptors (AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and T-cadherin) [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Insulin resistance (IR) is recognized as a biological reaction to insulin stimulation in target tissues. (researchsquare.com)
  • Of interest, EV-associated Adpn is more stable than soluble Adpn in plasma and maintains its insulin-sensitive properties in vitro and in vivo. (anr.fr)
  • Activation of adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) by its natural ligand, adiponectin has been known to be involved in modulating critical metabolic processes such as glucose metabolism and fatty acid oxidation as demonstrated by a number of in vitro and in vivo studies over last two decades. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • On multivariable analysis, PCOS cases were 3.2 times more likely to have low adiponectin level (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.49-6.90, p-value 0.003) compared to the controls after adjustment for age, BMI, family history, marital status, total cholesterol, HDL level and IR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Insulin resistance is another factor that contributes to stubborn belly fat. (cibdol.com)