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AdiponectinReceptors, AdiponectinProtein MultimerizationBiopolymersDimerizationProtein Structure, TertiaryMolecular Sequence DataProtein BindingAmino Acid SequenceLeptinProtein Structure, Quaternaryvon Willebrand Disease, Type 2von Willebrand FactorInsulin ResistanceResistinGene Products, gagAdipokinesMutationIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsHIV-1HIV IntegraseCell LineRecombinant Fusion ProteinsAdipocytesObesityVirus AssemblyProtein ConformationRecombinant ProteinsAdipose TissueTwo-Hybrid System TechniquesBase Sequence3T3-L1 CellsCOS CellsDisulfidesMacromolecular SubstancesBody Mass IndexCross-Linking Reagentsgag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusInsulinBiological MarkersModels, MolecularMolecular WeightStructure-Activity RelationshipNucleocapsidBinding SitesGene Products, revSequence DeletionHIV Integrase InhibitorsIntegrasesSequence Homology, Amino AcidVirus IntegrationMutagenesis, Site-DirectedBlood GlucoseAmino Acid MotifsGene Products, rexNucleoside-Phosphate KinaseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Leucine ZippersHeLa CellsProteinsMetabolic Syndrome XPPAR gammaTransfectionvif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusChromatography, GelDNA-Binding ProteinsFluorescence Resonance Energy TransferAdiposityGuanylate KinaseVitronectinvon Willebrand DiseasesCells, Culturedrev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusBacterial ProteinsAMP-Activated Protein KinasesProtein PrecursorsSequence AlignmentSignal TransductionPhosphorylationMutagenesisConserved SequenceEscherichia coliUltracentrifugationTranscription FactorsProtein Interaction Domains and MotifsProtein TransportCarrier ProteinsThiazolidinedionesPulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein DProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalCloning, MolecularCysteineIntra-Abdominal FatModels, BiologicalPlasmidsCercopithecus aethiopsProtein Structure, SecondaryGene Expression RegulationSubcutaneous FatViral Proteins
Total adiponectinCoronary arteryConcentrationsRegulationGlucoseMolecular weightInsulinDiabetesLevelsFoundBrainHigh molecular weight adiponectinAdipoR1SecretionAdipose tissueEndothelial cellsInhibitsReceptorsInsulin sensitivityInverselyFatty acid oxidSerum levelsObese subjectsAdipocytesPPARCorrelateMyocardialMetabolicProteinTrimersAdipocyteMechanismsMiceAbundantInitiallyHomeostasisReductionRolesExpressionAssemblyFormsTotalHuman
Total adiponectin4
Coronary artery1
Concentrations2
  • Circulating adiponectin concentrations increase during caloric restriction in animals and humans, such as in patients with anorexia nervosa. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been reported that in patients with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, coronary disease serum adiponectin concentrations were decreased. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Regulation2
  • Adiponectin is a protein hormone that modulates a number of metabolic processes, including glucose regulation and fatty acid oxidation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Regulation of adiponectin multimerization, signaling and function. (unm.edu)
Glucose2
  • Adiponectin (also referred to as GBP-28, apM1, AdipoQ and Acrp30) is a protein hormone and adipokine, which is involved in regulating glucose levels and fatty acid breakdown. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to the metabolic influence on metabolism of glucose and lipids, adiponectin reveals direct vasoprotective and antiatherogenic effects on endothelial cells. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Molecular weight1
Insulin1
Diabetes2
Levels4
Found1
Brain3
  • Adiponectin exerts some of its weight-reduction effects via the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adiponectin promoted synaptic and memory function in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • enhanced secretion of adiponectin by cardiomyocytes that is stimulated by BNP (brain natriuretic peptide), disturbed metabolism of adiponectin in older patients with CVD as well as changes in multimerization of adiponectin. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
High molecular weight adiponectin3
AdipoR11
  • So far, two receptors have been identified with homology to G protein-coupled receptors, and one receptor similar to the cadherin family: Adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) Adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) T-cadherin - CDH13 These have distinct tissue specificities within the body and have different affinities to the various forms of adiponectin. (wikipedia.org)
Secretion3
  • Generally, adiponectin expression is governed in several regulatory steps such as transcriptional and post-translational regulation including oligomer assembly and secretion. (nature.com)
  • 8. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ enhances adiponectin secretion via up-regulating DsbA-L expression. (nih.gov)
  • Pseudoginsenoside F11, a Novel Partial PPARγ Agonist, Promotes Adiponectin Oligomerization and Secretion in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. (tsinghua.edu.cn)
Adipose tissue4
  • Adiponectin is secreted from adipose tissue (and also from the placenta in pregnancy) into the bloodstream and is very abundant in plasma relative to many hormones. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, a recent study suggests that adipose tissue within bone marrow, which increases during caloric restriction, contributes to elevated circulating adiponectin in this context. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adiponectin self-regulates its expression and multimerization in adipose tissue: an autocrine/paracrine mechanism? (tsinghua.edu.cn)
  • Paradoxically, adipose tissue-expressed adiponectin levels are inversely related to the degree of adiposity. (biovendor.com)
Endothelial cells2
  • 18. Manganese supplementation increases adiponectin and lowers ICAM-1 and creatinine blood levels in Zucker type 2 diabetic rats, and downregulates ICAM-1 by upregulating adiponectin multimerization protein (DsbA-L) in endothelial cells. (nih.gov)
  • Adiponectin also inhibits the inflammatory processes of atherosclerosis suppressing the expression of adhesion and cytokine molecules in vascular endothelial cells and macrophages, respectively. (biovendor.com)
Inhibits1
Receptors1
Insulin sensitivity3
  • In addition, stimulation of adiponectin expression by the suppression of DNMT1 activity repressed inflammatory responses and increased insulin sensitivity in obese mice, which would provide novel insights into mechanisms underpinning the reprogramming of adiponectin gene expression by DNA methylation in metabolic complications. (nature.com)
  • Adiponectin concentrations correlate negatively with glucose, insulin, triglyceride concentrations, liver fat content and body mass index and positively with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, hepatic insulin sensitivity and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. (biovendor.com)
  • Adiponectin has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity and decrease plasma glucose by increasing tissue fat oxidation. (biovendor.com)
Inversely1
Fatty acid oxid1
  • Adiponectin is a protein hormone that modulates a number of metabolic processes, including glucose regulation and fatty acid oxidation. (wikipedia.org)
Serum levels2
Obese subjects2
Adipocytes7
PPAR1
  • Promotion of adiponectin multimerization by emodin, a novel AMPK activator with PPARγ-agonist activity. (tsinghua.edu.cn)
Correlate1
Myocardial3
  • 14. Resveratrol Cardioprotection Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Involves Upregulation of Adiponectin Levels and Multimerization in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. (nih.gov)
  • 17. Insulin decreases myocardial adiponectin receptor 1 expression via PI3K/Akt and FoxO1 pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, high circulating levels of adiponectin are associated with decreased risk of myocardial infarction, independent of other factors. (biovendor.com)
Metabolic1
  • Here we show that DNA hypermethylation of a particular region of the adiponectin promoter suppresses adiponectin expression through epigenetic control and, in turn, exacerbates metabolic diseases in obesity. (nature.com)
Protein6
  • Around the same time, we and others described a protein that we initially termed Acrp30, which later became known as adiponectin. (medscape.com)
  • Adiponectin is a 244-amino-acid-long polypeptide (protein). (wikipedia.org)
  • Adiponectin is secreted into the bloodstream, where it accounts for about 0.01% of all plasma protein at around 5-10 μg/mL. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1. Up-regulation of adiponectin by resveratrol: the essential roles of the Akt/FOXO1 and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways and DsbA-L. (nih.gov)
  • 9. A disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) regulates adiponectin multimerization. (nih.gov)
  • Adiponectin, also referred to as Acrp30, AdipoQ and GBP-28, is a recently discovered 244 aminoacid protein, the product of the apM1 gene, which is physiologically active and specifically and highly expressed in adipose cells. (biovendor.com)
Trimers3
  • Disulfide-dependent self-assembly of adiponectin octadecamers from trimers and presence of stable octadecameric adiponectin lacking disulfide bonds in vitro. (nih.gov)
  • Adiponectin is a circulating insulin-sensitizing hormone that homooligomerizes into trimers, hexamers, and higher molecular weight (HMW) species. (nih.gov)
  • Purified bovine serum adiponectin octadecamer was treated with reducing agents at pH 5 to obtain trimers. (nih.gov)
Adipocyte1
  • Transgenic mice with increased adiponectin show reduced adipocyte differentiation and increased energy expenditure associated with mitochondrial uncoupling. (wikipedia.org)
Mechanisms3
  • Although obesity-induced reduction of adiponectin expression is primarily ascribed to a transcriptional regulation failure, the underlying mechanisms are largely undefined. (nature.com)
  • Currently, assembly of adiponectin oligomers and, consequently, mechanisms responsible for decreased HMW adiponectin in insulin resistance are not well understood. (nih.gov)
  • 4. Up- and down-regulation of adiponectin expression and multimerization: mechanisms and therapeutic implication. (nih.gov)
Mice1
Abundant1
  • In the work reported here, we analyzed the reassembly of the most abundant HMW adiponectin species, the octadecamer, following its collapse to smaller oligomers in vitro. (nih.gov)
Initially1
Homeostasis1
  • These findings suggest a critical role of adiponectin gene epigenetic control by DNMT1 in governing energy homeostasis, implying that modulating DNMT1 activity represents a new strategy for the treatment of obesity-related diseases. (nature.com)
Reduction1
  • Adiponectin exerts some of its weight-reduction effects via the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Roles1
Expression2
Assembly1
  • These findings indicate that while disulfide bonds help to maintain the mature octadecameric adiponectin structure, their more important function is to stabilize intermediates during the assembly of octadecamer. (nih.gov)
Forms1
  • Adiponectin forms homotrimers, which are the building blocks for higher order complexes found circulating in serum. (biovendor.com)
Total1
Human2