Adipocytes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Adipocytes, also known as lipocytes and fat cells, are the cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat. (wikipedia.org)
Exercise reduces both adipocyte size as well as marrow adipose tissue volume, as quantified by MRI or μCT imaging of bone stained with the lipid binder osmium. (wikipedia.org)
Analysis of their adipose tissue morphology revealed increases in both adipocyte size and number in most depots. (wikipedia.org)
Adipocytes are the main constituent cells of adipose tissue. (frontiersin.org)
In this study, with the assumption that adipose tissue can be mechanically responsive (as is the case for well-known musculoskeletal tissues), we hypothesized that mechanical loading applied to the adipose tissue and its component cells, such as adipocytes, may play a role in the exercise control of insulin sensitivity. (unl.edu)
Since it is known that adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin can instigate their insulin signaling sensitizing effect via AMPK and Akt, we propose a mechanism that mechanical stretching of adipocytes may induce the secretion of insulin sensitizing adipokines like leptin and/or adiponectin, which in turn activates AMPK and Akt phosphorylation and, ultimately, improves insulin signaling in the adipose tissue. (unl.edu)
List of molecules involved in adipose stem cell proliferation, adipocyte differentiation, turnover and obesigenic expansion. (stemcell.com)
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) signaling in adipose tissue is selectively blunted in male mutant mice relative to wild-type littermates, consistent with sex-dependent regulation of its autocrine/paracrine action in adipocytes. (endocrine.org)
The goal of this study was to determine the elastic and viscoelastic properties of three primary cell types of mesenchymal lineage (chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes) and to test the hypothesis that primary differentiated cells exhibit distinct mechanical properties compared to adult stem cells (adipose-derived or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells). (duke.edu)
Adipose tissue abundance relies partly on the factors that regulate adipogenesis, i.e. proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Conversely, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of WAT represent potential therapeutic approaches, since dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by BAT/browning-mediated oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects. (springer.com)
There is also evidence that the deleterious effects mediated by dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by the pro-oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects mediated by brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. (springer.com)
However, CE did not significantly affect UCP1 expression in the adipocytes isolated from perinephric adipose tissue and epididymal adipose tissue. (edu.hk)
The increased white adipose tissue mass associated with obesity is the result of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipocytes. (rockefeller.edu)
While adipocyte development and transcriptional processes are well studied in vitro, regulation of in vivo genes (such as leptin), the identity of the adipocyte progenitor cells and the development of the adipose organ have not been defined invivo. (rockefeller.edu)
Next, through a leptin-luciferase animal model, where luciferase is expressed only in adipocytes (see below), the location and timing of embryonic adipose development were determined. (rockefeller.edu)
To study the responses of adipocytes to changes in weight, leptin-luciferase animals were used to show that weight loss induced by fasting or leptin treatment results in the retention of lipid-depleted adipocytes in adipose depots. (rockefeller.edu)
CHCHD10 is dramatically upregulated during thermogenic adipocytes activation by PPARγ-PGC1α, and positively correlated with UCP1 expression in the adipose tissues from human and mice. (figshare.com)
Due to their lipophilicity, POPs are sequestered in adipose tissue, where they may impair adipocyte functioning. (cdc.gov)

Our results highlight the crucial role of ETP as an obesity-associated factor that promotes tumor growth in the context of adipocyte interactions with tumor and stromal cells. (jci.org)
GATA-3-deficient embryonic stem cells exhibit an enhanced capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, and defective GATA-2 and GATA-3 expression is associated with obesity. (nih.gov)
Importantly, NR1D1 action in adipocytes is critical to the development of obesity-related WAT pathology and insulin resistance. (elifesciences.org)
A recent example of the importance of adipocyte function to have profound systemic effects is provided by the report that mice specifically lacking insulin signaling in adipocytes (FIRKO mouse) are not only lean, leptin sensitive, and obesity resistant ( 1 ), but live almost 20% longer than wild-type control animals ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Understanding the regulation of the pathways that lead to proliferation and differentiation of white and brown pre-adipocytes could be crucial for revealing the underlying mechanisms of obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
Obesity is characterized by the expansion of fat mass, through adipocyte size increase ( hypertrophy ) and, to a lesser extent, cell proliferation ( hyperplasia ). (ipfs.io)
The adipocytes showed rhythmic changes in the levels of thermogenesis that aligned with the light-dark cycles, and the mismatch between these adipocyte cycles with feeding times could lead to obesity. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In ex vivo studies, we found that CE increased brown adipocytes markers in the subcutaneous adipocytes isolated from db/db mice and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice. (edu.hk)
Obesity and the adipocyte. (bvsalud.org)
Deletion of AQP7 in mice leads to development of obesity and adipocyte hypertrophy, suggesting an important role in human metabolism. (lu.se)

Perilipin, a major hormonally regulated adipocyte-specific phosphoprotein associated with the periphery of lipid storage droplets. (nature.com)
Several studies have shown that adipocytes highly express CD1d, which presents lipid antigens to invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and stimulates the activation of iNKT cells ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
ASP increases the efficiency of triacylglycerol synthesis in adipocytes leading to enhanced postprandial lipid clearance. (diabetesjournals.org)
Adipocytes produce a number of hormones that have wide-ranging effects on energy intake, energy expenditure, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, including nutrient partitioning and fuel selection. (diabetesjournals.org)
Lipid accumulation in adipocytes reflects a balance between enzymatic pathways leading to the formation and breakdown of esterified lipids, primarily triglycerides. (tufts.edu)
This balance is extremely important, as both high and low lipid levels in adipocytes can have deleterious consequences. (tufts.edu)
Our findings suggest a role for COX-2-derived lipid mediators from adipocytes in mediating type 2 immunity cues in subcutaneous WAT associated with decreased hepatic steatosis, but with no accompanying induction of browning and increased energy expenditure. (dtu.dk)
While white adipocytes store energy as triacylglycerols in lipid droplets, brown adipocytes combust excess chemical energy and release in the form of heat through uncoupled respiration. (iisc.ac.in)

Metabolite changes under normoxia or hypoxia were measured in the media of human adipocytes by targeted LC/MS. Results: Hypoxic cancer-conditioned media increased lipolysis in both human and mouse adipocytes. (ed.ac.uk)

We generated transgenic (TG) C57BL/6 mice expressing the Ptgs2 gene encoding cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in mature adipocytes. (dtu.dk)
It has been suggested that adipogenesis is regulated by PPARβ/δ followed by PPARγ and C/EBPα promoting differentiation into mature adipocytes [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The sympathetic nervous system regulates this function through β-adrenergic stimulation of brown mature adipocytes' dissipation of energy in the form of heat mediated by mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) activation. (springer.com)

Here, we propose a molecular mechanism where the AQP7 mobility in adipocytes is dependent on perilipin 1 and protein kinase A. Biochemical analyses combined with ex vivo studies in human primary adipocytes, demonstrate that perilipin 1 binds to AQP7, and that catecholamine activated protein kinase A phosphorylates the N-terminus of AQP7, thereby reducing complex formation. (lu.se)
We found 65 miRNAs regulated during in vitro adipogenesis in primary adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)

Adipocyte-derived factors involved in tumor progression include proteins such as adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6, and ECM components that control tumor cell behavior within the tumor microenvironment. (jci.org)
In addition to their main functions, adipocytes have endocrine functions and can secrete a variety of adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin ( 2 - 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Simultaneously, adipocytes secrete various cytokines including leptin, resistin, TNF-α and IL-6 to regulate the differentiation and function of T and B lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
This review will address the biology, actions, and regulation of three adipocyte hormones-leptin, acylation stimulating protein (ASP), and adiponectin-with an emphasis on the most recent literature. (diabetesjournals.org)
Leptin production is primarily regulated by insulin-induced changes of adipocyte metabolism. (diabetesjournals.org)
Work in our laboratory has primarily focused on the biology and regulation of three key adipocyte hormones: leptin, acylation-stimulating protein, and adiponectin. (diabetesjournals.org)
Leptin is an in vivo regulated adipocyte hormone, which is the afferent signal in a negative feedback loop controlling body weight and energy expenditure. (rockefeller.edu)

β-Adrenergic signaling is a core regulator of brown adipocyte function stimulating both lipolysis and transcription of thermogenic genes, thereby expanding the capacity for oxidative metabolism. (ku.dk)
We have used pharmacological inhibitors and a direct activator of lipolysis to acutely modulate the activity of lipases, thereby enabling us to uncover lipolysis-dependent signaling pathways downstream of β-adrenergic signaling in cultured brown adipocytes. (ku.dk)
Our results demonstrate that lipolysis generates important metabolic signals that exert profound pleiotropic effects on transcription and function of cultured brown adipocytes. (ku.dk)
Hypoxia can modify the adipocyte metabolome towards accelerated lipolysis, glucose deprivation and reduced ketosis. (ed.ac.uk)
In conclusion, SAH did not affect adipogenesis per se but altered adipocyte functionality through epigenetic mechanisms, such that they exhibited altered glucose disposal and lipolysis. (analyteguru.com)
Lipolysis in adipocytes is disrupted by CHCHD10 deficiency, while augmented lipolysis via ATGL overexpression recovers adipocyte thermogenesis in Chchd10 -AKO mice. (figshare.com)
Decreased ATP results in downregulation of lipolysis by reducing nascent protein synthesis of ATGL, thereby suppressing adipocyte thermogenesis. (figshare.com)
Together, our findings reveal essential role of CHCHD10 in regulating lipolysis and thermogenic program in adipocytes. (figshare.com)
The aquaglyceroporin AQP7 is expressed in adipocytes where it regulates glycerol efflux as it translocate to the plasma membrane during lipolysis as a result of catecholamine stimulation. (lu.se)

WAT is characterised by its capacity to adapt and expand in response to surplus energy through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or recruitment and proliferation of precursor cells in combination with vascular and extracellular matrix remodelling. (springer.com)

We are culturing human fat cells (adipocytes) and tumour cells together, to find out how adipocytes alter tumour cell phenotype and response to therapy. (otago.ac.nz)
Our results demonstrated that HCC cell HepG2-derived exosomes could be actively internalized by adipocytes and caused significant transcriptomic alterations and in particular induced an inflammatory phenotype in adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that cinnamon extract (CE) induced typical brown adipocyte multiocular phenotype in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (edu.hk)

Constitutive GATA-2 and GATA-3 expression suppressed adipocyte differentiation and trapped cells at the preadipocyte stage. (nih.gov)

Adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal stem cells which give rise to adipocytes through adipogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Marrow adipocytes are unilocular like white fat cells. (wikipedia.org)
Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into adipocytes, connective tissue, muscle or bone. (wikipedia.org)
Obese adipocytes overexpress MHC class II molecules and costimulators to act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and promote the activation of CD4 + T cells. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, various adipokines secreted by adipocytes regulate the proliferation and differentiation of T cells. (frontiersin.org)
This review describes how adipocytes participate in adaptive immunity from the perspective of T cells and B cells, and discusses their role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that adipocytes have immunological functions capable of recruiting and activating immune cells. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, like other nucleated cells, adipocytes express MHC class I molecules. (frontiersin.org)
However, there is no clear evidence that adipocytes interact directly with CD8 + T cells through antigen:MHCI complex. (frontiersin.org)
Adipocytes can directly activate CD4 + T cells through antigen:MHCII complex in a contact-dependent manner. (frontiersin.org)
Next, we summarize various cytokines produced by adipocytes that regulate the survival, activation and differentiation of B cells. (frontiersin.org)
Is Adipocyte Differentiation the Default Lineage for Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells after Loss of Mechanical Loading? (scirp.org)
Hart, D. (2014) Is Adipocyte Differentiation the Default Lineage for Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells after Loss of Mechanical Loading? (scirp.org)
Here we describe a novel adhesion-independent mode of single cell locomotion utilised by Drosophila fat body cells - the equivalent of vertebrate adipocytes. (bris.ac.uk)
Scholars@Duke publication: Viscoelastic properties of human mesenchymally-derived stem cells and primary osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. (duke.edu)
Targeted metabolomics of the human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes media revealed that culture with hypoxic-conditioned media from non-malignant mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) can alter the adipocyte metabolome and drive proliferation of the non-malignant cells. (ed.ac.uk)
These metabolic shifts in adipocytes could assist both mammary epithelial and cancer cells to bypass the inhibitory effects of hypoxia on proliferation and thrive. (ed.ac.uk)
In addition to the classic brown adipocytes, a different type of brown fat cells seems to exist in tissues where WAT predominates. (biomedcentral.com)
Approximately 10% of fat cells are renewed annually at all adult ages and levels of body mass index without a significant increase in the overall number of adipocytes in adulthood. (ipfs.io)
The local tumour microenvironment is the milieu within which the tumour develops, and includes tumour blood vessels, other cells types (e.g. immune cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes), soluble growth factors and signalling molecules. (otago.ac.nz)
Given the global prevalence of NAFLD, a better understanding of the interplay between HCC cells and adipocytes is urgently needed. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we explore the role of HCC-derived exosomes in the cellular and molecular conversion of adipocytes into tumor-promoting cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In vitro, conditioned medium from exo-adipocytes promoted HepG2 cell migration and increased tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). (biomedcentral.com)
However, the interplay between the HCC cells and adjacent adipocytes remains poorly understood so far. (biomedcentral.com)
B. AR protein level is down-regulated, TGF-β1, p-Smad3 and MMP-9 protein levels are up-regulated in PCa cells after co-culture with pre-adipocytes (pre-adi). (oncotarget.com)
G. The recruitment e ect for pre-adipocytes by knocking down AR or adding anti-androgen enzalutamide in C4-2 and CWR22Rv1 (22Rv1) cells. (oncotarget.com)
C. PCa cells were transfected with miRNA-301a inhibitor co-cultured with pre-adipocytes, then the invasion assay was performed. (oncotarget.com)
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are the ideal source to study fat formation as they are the progenitors of adipocytes. (mdpi.com)

abstract = 'BACKGROUND: The uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a hallmark of brown adipocytes and pivotal for cold- and diet-induced thermogenesis. (ku.dk)
The study indicates that the process of heat generation from calories or thermogenesis in adipocytes also shows a rhythmic pattern that aligns with the daily light-dark cycle. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Based on extensive preliminary data, we propose to test the hypothesis that glucose-dependent acetyl-CoA production by ACLY enables nutrient-dependent gene regulation in adipocytes, serving as a key control mechanism for carbohydrate handling and insulin response, as well as for thermogenesis. (grantome.com)
Brown and beige adipocytes dissipate energy in a non-shivering thermogenesis manner, exerting beneficial effects on metabolic homeostasis. (figshare.com)
Herein, we identify CHCHD10 as a novel regulator for adipocyte thermogenesis. (figshare.com)
We generate adipocyte-specific Chchd10 knockout mice ( Chchd10 -AKO) and find that depleting CHCHD10 leads to impaired UCP1-dependent thermogenesis and energy expenditure in the fasting state, with no effect in fed state. (figshare.com)

Studies have shed light into potential molecular mechanisms in the fate determination of pre-adipocytes although the exact lineage of adipocyte is still unclear. (wikipedia.org)
The origins and basis for these fat deposits are largely unknown, but there is a possibility that the altered mechanical and biological environments lead to dysregulation of MSC/MPC and progression to preferential differentiation towards the adipocyte lineage. (scirp.org)
Although the lineage of adipocytes is still unclear, Preadipocytes are undifferentiated fibroblasts that can be stimulated to form adipocytes. (wikidoc.org)

In cell culture, adipocyte progenitors can also form osteoblasts, myocytes and other cell types. (wikipedia.org)
This network is upregulated in a lipodystrophic animal model, encoding a dominant negative transgene against C/EBP factors, suggesting that these animals carry hyper-adipogenic residual fat pads, which provide a niche for transplantation experiments for identifying possible adipocyte progenitors. (rockefeller.edu)

When comparing primary adipocyte profiles, with those of cell lines reported in the literature, we found a high degree of difference in 'adipogenesis' regulated miRNAs suggesting that the model systems may not be accurately representing adipogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Most recently, the presence of beige adipocytes with a gene expression pattern distinct from either white or brown adipocytes has been described. (ipfs.io)
Transcriptomic alterations of exosome-stimulated adipocytes were analyzed using gene expression profiling, and secretion of inflammation-associated cytokines was detected by RT-PCR and ELISA. (biomedcentral.com)
While recent studies have pointed towards a bidirectional relationship between signaling and metabolic pathways, the role of nutrient metabolism in modulating signaling and gene expression in adipocytes is poorly understood. (grantome.com)
Specifically, we will test ACLY?s role in fat-specific and systemic carbohydrate metabolism and define the mechanisms through which ACLY regulates gene expression in white adipocytes. (grantome.com)
Elevated S-adenosylhomocysteine alters adipocyte functionality with corresponding changes in gene expression and associated epigenetic marks. (analyteguru.com)
Trimethylated histone H3-Lys27 occupancy was significantly increased on Cebpα and Rxrα promoters in SAH-treated adipocytes, consistent with the reduction in gene expression. (analyteguru.com)
We found that upon intestinal inflammation visceral adipocytes upregulate autophagy and that adipocyte-specific loss of the autophagy gene Atg7 exacerbates inflammation. (ox.ac.uk)
We conclude that Nur77 expression is necessary for MSH-mediated induction of gene expression in differentiated adipocytes. (edu.au)

Areolar connective tissue is composed of adipocytes. (wikidoc.org)

This study aimed to determine whether I3C or DIM could increase glucose uptake via enhanced insulin sensitivity in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, as well as the mechanism involved. (researchgate.net)
DIM also enhanced glucose uptake by increasing expression of glucose transporter 4 in adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
Together, these findings support that adipocyte-specific mitochondrial dysfunction is sufficient to induce tissue inflammation and can cause systemic glucose abnormalities in male mice. (endocrine.org)
Our previous studies implicated ACLY in regulating histone acetylation and expression of glucose metabolism genes in adipocytes, in a nutrient-dependent manner. (grantome.com)
CaMKII activity was increased upon insulin treatment and the CaMKII inhibitors CN21 and KN-62 or the Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA-AM blocked insulin -dependent Myo1c phosphorylation and insulin -stimulated glucose transport in adipocytes . (bvsalud.org)

Cold-induced expression of UCP1 in inguinal white adipocytes was repressed in COX2 knockout (KO) mice and by administration of the COX inhibitor indomethacin in wild-type mice. (ku.dk)
In the current study, we investigated the effect of a small molecule, sesaminol (SML) on brown fat activity and found that SML induces the thermogenic program in primary white adipocytes as well as chow diet fed mice. (iisc.ac.in)

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we report that cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) are crucially involved in induction of UCP1 expression in inguinal white adipocytes, but not in classic interscapular brown adipocytes. (ku.dk)

As a proof-ofconcept test, we applied cyclic stretch loading to the adipocyte model, differentiated adipocytes from 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and evaluated stretch-induced activation of key insulin signaling molecules. (unl.edu)
On the other hand, interestingly, one of the key downstream insulin signaling molecules, protein kinase-B (PKB, or Akt) and its phosphorylation (pAkt) were significantly increased for cyclically stretched adipocytes relative to unstretched control. (unl.edu)

Since there have been many reports on the regulation of metabolic diseases through adaptive immunity ( 9 - 11 ), we focus on how adipocytes regulate adaptive immunity in this review. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we show that murine GATA-2 and GATA-3 are specifically expressed in white adipocyte precursors and that their down-regulation sets the stage for terminal differentiation. (nih.gov)
Regulation of glycerol efflux in adipocytes. (lu.se)

Mechanisms for insulin-like activity in isolated rat adipocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
Better understanding of the cellular and molecular pathophysiological mechanisms regulating adipocyte size, number and depot-dependent expansion has become a focus of interest over recent decades. (springer.com)
Figure 4: Mechanisms why infiltrating pre-adipocytes could suppress PCa AR expression to promote PCa cell invasion. (oncotarget.com)

Therefore, we investigated whether this key one-carbon cycle intermediate directly affects adipocyte differentiation and function. (analyteguru.com)

Glycerol efflux from adipocytes is regulated by the aquaglyceroporin AQP7, which is translocated upon hormone stimulation. (lu.se)

The S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) implicated in brain inflammation acts via the receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and is also secreted from adipocytes. (nih.gov)
It is presently unknown whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ activation prevents inflammation in adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Adipocyte autophagy limits gut inflammation by controlling oxylipin and IL-10. (ox.ac.uk)
While autophagy decreased lipolytic release of free fatty acids, loss of the major lipolytic enzyme Pnpla2/Atgl in adipocytes did not alter intestinal inflammation, ruling out free fatty acids as anti-inflammatory energy substrates. (ox.ac.uk)

Thus, GATA-2 and GATA-3 regulate adipocyte differentiation through molecular control of the preadipocyte-adipocyte transition. (nih.gov)

These fibrocytes differentiate into myofibroblasts or adipocytes. (medscape.com)

We propose that disruption of acetyl-CoA metabolism is a feature of metabolic disease, and that by defining the roles of the key acetyl-CoA producer ACLY in adipocytes, these studies will point to new strategies to improve the metabolic health of individuals with or at risk for metabolic diseases. (grantome.com)

Individuals who become obese as adults, rather than as adolescents, have no more adipocytes than they had before. (wikipedia.org)
We are also studying tumour samples from normal weight and obese breast cancer patients to better understand the role adipocytes play in promoting aggressive tumour growth and spread, and identify patients likely to benefit from additional treatment during cancer therapy. (otago.ac.nz)

however, its role in thermogenic adipocytes remains unknown. (figshare.com)
Consistently, overexpression of Chchd10 activates thermogenic adipocytes. (figshare.com)

UCP-1-expressing multilocular adipocytes, termed 'beige' or 'brite' (brown-in-white) adipocytes, can also be found interspersed among white adipocytes within SAT under conditions requiring increased heat production (e.g. chronic cold exposure). (springer.com)

Indomethacin repressed beta-adrenergic induction of UCP1 expression in primary inguinal adipocytes. (ku.dk)

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS AND RESULTS- First, we examined whether the PPARβ/δ agonist GW501516 prevents lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine production in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
SAH did not alter preadipocyte factor 1 (Dlk1) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ 2 (Pparγ2) but significantly reduced expression of CAAT enhancer-binding protein-α (Cebpα), Cebpβ, and retinoid x receptor-α (Rxrα) compared with untreated adipocytes. (analyteguru.com)

Pre-adipocytes are undifferentiated fibroblasts that can be stimulated to form adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)

These data suggest that insulin regulates Myo1c function via CaMKII -dependent phosphorylation , and these events play a role in insulin -regulated GLUT4 trafficking in adipocytes likely involving Myo1c motor activity . (bvsalud.org)

In our recent research, we observed that adipocytes express MHC class II molecules and co-stimulatory molecules CD80/CD86, and that their expression significantly increases in response to high fat diet (HFD) challenges ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
In an adherent, spread configuration, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes all exhibited significantly different mechanical properties, with osteoblasts being stiffer than chondrocytes and both being stiffer than adipocytes. (duke.edu)
In contrast to the upper body fat cell response, the number of lower-body adipocytes did significantly increase during the course of experiment. (ipfs.io)

Egan, J. J., Greenberg, A. S., Chang, M. K. & Londos, C. Control of endogenous phosphorylation of the major cAMP-dependent protein kinase substrate in adipocytes by insulin and beta-adrenergic stimulation. (nature.com)
Results DIM, but not I3C, increased adipocyte differentiation through upregulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α. (researchgate.net)

These actions are mediated by both the actions of a number of nonsecreted proteins and hormones produced in adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)

Thus, as an alternative, we produced EXIQON microarray of brown and white primary murine adipocytes (prior to and following differentiation) to yield global profiles of miRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
Adipocytes are key players in maintaining energy homeostasis and are classified into two different categories: white and brown adipocytes. (iisc.ac.in)
The treatment also increased brown adipocytes markers and reduced white adipocytes markers in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (edu.hk)

CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of the myosin motor Myo1c is required for insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes. (bvsalud.org)

Taken together, our data suggest that CE has a browning effect in subcutaneous adipocytes. (edu.hk)

Mouse brown adipocytes were pre-treated with vehicle or 10µM Atglistatin and 20µM CAY10499 (lipase inhib. (mendeley.com)

Our results provide new insights into the concept that tumor cell-derived exosomes can educate surrounding adipocytes to create a favorable microenvironment for tumor progression. (biomedcentral.com)

These effects were dependent on HIF1α expression in adipocytes, as mouse adipocytes lacking HIF1α showed blunted responses under hypoxic conditions. (ed.ac.uk)

We investigated the role of S100B in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages using a cell-culture model. (nih.gov)
Thus, S100B as an adipokine may play a role in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages to establish a vicious paracrine loop. (nih.gov)
The tumor exosome-treated adipocytes, named exo-adipocytes, promoted tumor growth, enhanced angiogenesis, and recruited more macrophages in mouse xenograft model. (biomedcentral.com)

After exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to insulin, IRAP translocated to the plasma membrane as assessed by either cell fractionation, surface biotinylation, or the plasma membrane sheet assay. (johnshopkins.edu)
The unconventional myosin Myo1c has been implicated in insulin -regulated GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane in adipocytes . (bvsalud.org)

Not only do Adipocytes have energy storage and endocrine functions, but they also play an immunological role. (frontiersin.org)

We have shown that NDP-MSH strikingly and preferentially induces the expression of the NR4A subgroup (but not any other members of the NR superfamily) in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (edu.au)

Anatomy21

Organisms7

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs86

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes28

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Adipose19

Obesity10

Lipid8

Human adipocytes1

Mature adipocytes3

Primary adipocytes2

Leptin7

Lipolysis9

Hypertrophy1

Phenotype3

Suppressed adipocyte differentiation1

Cells28

THERMOGENESIS6

Lineage3

Progenitors2

Adipogenesis1

Gene8

Connective tissue1

Glucose6

Mice2

Inguinal white1

Insulin Signaling2

Regulation3

Mechanisms3

Differentiation and function1

Glycerol efflux1

Inflammation4

Molecular1

Differentiate1

Metabolism1

Obese2

Thermogenic2

Beige1

UCP11

PPAR2

Fibroblasts1

Regulates1

Significantly3

Protein2

Hormones1

White3

Phosphorylation1

Subcutaneous1

Brown1

Tumor progression1

Dependent1

Macrophages3

Plasma membrane2

Endocrine1

Expression1