Adhesion and galectin. Medical search. Frequent questions

This gene encodes a member of the galectin family. (unige.ch)
Expression of galectins in normal lymphoid cells Each member of the galectin family exhibits a specific expression pattern in distinct tissues, and galectin expression is regulated during development. (fdocuments.net)

As a result, it can influence a range of cellular processes including cell activation, adhesion and apoptosis. (lu.se)
Galectin-8 binding to integrins inhibits cell adhesion and induces apoptosis. (unige.ch)
It is widely distributed in normal and diseased tissues, and plays an important role in cell adhesion, cell apoptosis, inflammatory response, tumor metastasis and other related processes. (sioc-journal.cn)
This is particularly true for galectin family members because changes in their expression levels correlate with alterations in cancer cell growth, apoptosis, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. (fdocuments.net)
In this context, include the galectins, protein family of animal lectins, which are involved in various biological processes in organisms such as cell cycle control, immune response, cell adhesion, apoptosis and metastasis. (bvsalud.org)

Galectin-3 binding protein (Galectin-3BP), also known as MAC-2 binding protein (MAC-2BP or M2BP), and the 90 kDa tumor associated antigen (TAA90K or 90K), is a secreted glycoprotein of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) superfamily (1, 2). (novusbio.com)
As test cases to examine changes in protein presence associated with tumor growth inhibition, we applied SILAC-based proteomics on human colon carcinoma cells treated with galectin-4 (Gal-4). (uni-muenchen.de)
Tumor-Derived Galectins" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/14140 (accessed December 10, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
Liu FT, Rabinovich GA. Galectins as modulators of tumor progression. (arjournals.org)
Deletion of galectin-3 in the host attenuates metastasis of murine melanoma by modulating tumor adhesion and NK cell activity. (arjournals.org)
Molecular characterization of prostate carcinoma tumor antigen-1, PCTA-1, a human galectin-8 related gene. (unige.ch)
Surface-epitope masking and expression cloning identifies the human prostate carcinoma tumor antigen gene PCTA-1 a member of the galectin gene family. (unige.ch)
Galectin is a promising target for the treatment of many diseases, such as tumor, inflammation and neurological diseases. (sioc-journal.cn)
Moreover, Cav1 is also localized outside of caveolar regions in the cytoplasm, focal adhesions, the extracellular milieu, and the nucleus emphasizing its function in a variety of cell signalling and mechanotransduction phenomena that may regulate tumor cell behaviour. (diff.org)
Similarly, pY14Cav1 was shown to stabilize FAK, focal adhesion kinase and other components within focal adhesions, and lead to enhanced focal adhesions turnover and tumor cell migration. (diff.org)
Recent work shows that pYCav1 in cooperation with the Mgat5/galectin-3 lattice, regulates FAK dynamics in focal adhesions and favours focal adhesion disassembly ad tumor cell migration. (diff.org)
As sensitive, stable and easy tools to use, galectins are widely used to recognize changes in the surfaces of tumor cells. (bvsalud.org)
However, the possible involvement of galectins in tumor development is still much debated. (bvsalud.org)

It binds to adhesion proteins such as integrins and blocks further binding to other cells or the extracellular matrix. (wikipedia.org)
When concentrations of galectin-3 are high it forms large complexes that assist in adhesion by bridging between cells or cells and the extracellular matrix. (wikipedia.org)
What is the precise role of intracellular and extracellular galectins in the control of cell death programs? (nature.com)
In this study we investigated the interaction between galectin-3 and Neisseria meningitidis, an important extracellular human pathogen, which is a leading cause of septicaemia and meningitis. (ox.ac.uk)

Galectin-3 has one CRD and a long non-lectin domain. (wikipedia.org)
Galectin-3 can exist in monomeric form or can associate via the non-lectin domain into multivalent complexes up to a pentameric form. (wikipedia.org)
Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding mammalian lectin that is one of a 15-member galectin family that can bind several cell surface glycoproteins via its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). (lu.se)
There is also a chimeric form of galectin (i.e. galectin-3) that contains one CRD connected to a non-lectin domain. (fdocuments.net)
Current focus of our research is on the galectin-3, a member of the beta-galactoside-binding lectin family. (glycomantra.com)

Crystallisation experiments of galectins in complex with N-acetyllactosamine show that binding arises due to hydrogen bonding interactions from the carbon-4 and carbon-6 hydroxyl groups of galactose and carbon-3 of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to the side chains of amino acids in the protein. (wikipedia.org)
10 Galectins can function inside the cells by modulating signaling pathways, 11 although they also act extracellularly by establishing multivalent interactions with cell surface glycans and delivering signals that lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)
Here we review the interactions of metabolism, galectins and glycoprotein ligands as well as the utility of this model to predict and treat inflammation and autoimmunity. (gr.jp)
Besides, and studied to a lesser extent, they also depend on non-lectinic properties mediated by interactions of galectins with nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and complex biomolecules (reviewed in [ 4 ], Table 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)
This β -sandwich fold is conserved in all galectins and includes a gly- cine, which stabilizes the galectin-carbohydrate interactions [4]. (fdocuments.net)

Inohara H, Raz A. Functional Evidence That Cell-Surface Galectin-3 mediates homotypic cell-adhesion. (arjournals.org)
Collectively, our results underline that the high activity of JNK/c-Jun-ATF2/Galectin-1 mediates cisplatin resistance in liver cancer and provides an optional scheme for dynamic monitoring of molecular activity in vivo . (ijbs.com)
Galectin-8 mediates fibrogenesis induced by cyclosporine in human gingival fibroblasts. (unige.ch)

Galectins are beta-galactoside-binding animal lectins with conserved carbohydrate recognition domains. (unige.ch)
Galectins are a family of ß-galactoside-binding lectins characterized by a unique sequence motif in the carbohydrate recognition domain, and evolutionary and structural conservation from fungi to invertebrates and vertebrates, including mammals. (nsf.gov)
Abstract Galectins, highly conserved β-galactoside-binding lectins, have diverse regulatory roles in development and immune homeostasis and can mediate protective functions during microbial infection. (nsf.gov)
Introduction Galectins, formerly known as S-type lectins, rep- resent a family of evolutionarily conserved ani- mal lectins that are widely distributed from lower invertebrates to higher vertebrates. (fdocuments.net)
In 1994, a joint effort by several investigators in the field led to a new nomenclature in which the term "galectins" was used to define lectins with an affinity for - galactosides and with sequence similarity in the carbohydrate-binding site [3]. (fdocuments.net)

Zebrafish's proto-typical galectin Drgal1-L2 and the chimeric-type galectin Drgal3-L1 interact directly with the glycosylated envelope of IHNV, and significantly reduce viral attachment. (nsf.gov)

Galectins are a class of proteins that bind specifically to β-galactoside sugars, such as N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-3GlcNAc or Galβ1-4GlcNAc), which can be bound to proteins by either N-linked or O-linked glycosylation. (wikipedia.org)
To determine the factors mediating these phenotypes, interestingly, three binding proteins of ZNF804A, galectin 1 (LGALS1), fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1 (FEZ1) and ribosomal protein SA (RPSA), show different effects on reversing the deficits. (biomedcentral.com)
T2CA inhibited the expression of phosphorylated galectin-3 expression in human glioblastoma cell line which in turn inhibits the activity of MMP2 and MMP9 proteins in zymography investigations and inhibits migration of cancer cells in in vitro scratch assay. (arjournals.org)
Galectins are a family of soluble proteins which can specifically recognize the structure of β -galactoside. (sioc-journal.cn)
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure levels of five serum proteins previously demonstrated to be up-regulated in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC): angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), cytokeratin 19 (CK-19), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), chitinase 3 like-1 (YKL-40), and galectin-3 (GAL-3). (biomedcentral.com)
Osteocytes osteocalcin express, galectin 3, Compact disc44, and many other bone tissue matrix proteins that support intercellular adhesion and regulate exchange of nutrient in the bone tissue liquid within lacunae as well as the canalicular network. (nostradamus2018.com)

For example, galectin-9 binds to polylactosamine chains with stronger affinity than to an N-acetyllactosamine monomer. (wikipedia.org)
Similarly, these galectins have an order of magnitude higher affinity towards glycans of the ABH blood group system, widely represented on ECs. (bvsalud.org)
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has not been widely used for compound screening and in this study it was used to compare human and mouse galectin-3 affinity measures between FP and SPR, as well as investigate compound kinetics. (lu.se)
Increases in affinity for compounds binding to human galectin-3 were driven by changes in both k on and k off whilst for mouse galectin-3 this was primarily due to k on . (lu.se)
The reduction in affinity observed between human to mouse galectin-3 was also comparable between assay formats. (lu.se)
Galectin-3BP binds Galectin-3 (formerly MAC-2) with high affinity, but also binds Galectins -1 and -7, several collagen types, fibronectin, beta 1 integrins and nidogen (3, 6, 7). (novusbio.com)
Herein, the synthesis and biological activities of small galectin inhibitors derived from D -galactose are reviewed according to the difference of derivatization sites, which are expected to provide research thought for designing galectin inhibitors with high affinity and high selectivity, and afford reference for development of new drug candidates targeting galectins. (sioc-journal.cn)

Galectins essentially bind to glycans featuring galactose and its derivatives. (wikipedia.org)
Galectin -8 and galectin -9 expressed on the immune system cells are part of this process and can induce cell adhesion via binding to oligolactosamine glycans . (bvsalud.org)
Galectin-8-N-domain recognition mechanism for sialylated and sulfated glycans. (unige.ch)
In recent years, however, evidence has also accumulated to support the notion that galectins can bind ("non-self") glycans on the surface of potentially pathogenic microbes, and function as recognition and effector factors in innate immunity. (nsf.gov)

Galectin-3 is involved in cancer progression and metastasis of many solid tumors not only by mediating neo-angiogenesis and cancer cell homotypic/heterotypic adhesions, but also by suppressing host immunity. (glycomantra.com)

Galectin-3 binds Neisseria meningitidis and increases interaction with phagocytic cells. (ox.ac.uk)
We show that galectin-3 binds to N. meningitidis and we demonstrate that this interaction requiresfull-length, intact lipopolysaccharide molecules. (ox.ac.uk)

Serum galectin-9 as a noninvasive biomarker for the detection of endometriosis and pelvic pain or infertility-related gynecologic disorders. (istanbul.edu.tr)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Galectin 4 (GAL4) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (jsce-ip.com)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Galectin 4 (GAL4) in samples from Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (jsce-ip.com)
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Galectin 4 from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (jsce-ip.com)
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Galectin 4 (GAL4) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. (jsce-ip.com)

This multi-step process includes rolling leukocytes and their adhesion to endothelial cells (EC), culminating in crossing the EC barrier to reach the inflamed tissue . (bvsalud.org)
However, the roles of gal-8 and gal-9 as mediators of adhesion to endothelial ABH antigens are practically unknown. (bvsalud.org)
In this work , we investigated whether H antigen -gal-9-mediated adhesion occurred between Jurkat cells (of lymphocytic origin and known to have gal-9) and EA.hy 926 cells (immortalized endothelial cells and known to have blood group H antigen ). (bvsalud.org)
Galectin-3 induces endothelial cell morphogenesis and angiogenesis. (arjournals.org)
Galectin-8 interacts with podoplanin and modulates lymphatic endothelial cell functions. (unige.ch)

The galectin lattice (i) regulates flow of receptors and solute transporters to coated-pit endocytosis and/or caveolin domains, and (ii) promotes turnover of cell-cell contacts such as immune synapses and focal adhesion complexes. (gr.jp)
Although we only have a partial understanding of this subject, an extensive compendium of the literature supports galectins as being prominent actors in the regulation of immune homeostasis in both central and peripheral organs (as discussed below). (encyclopedia.pub)
The galectins' interactors and their impact on cancer immune escape. (encyclopedia.pub)
Galectin-3 is expressed and secreted by immune cells and has been implicated in multiple aspects of the inflammatory response. (ox.ac.uk)
In this investigation, we describe the galectin-3 inhibitory and immune stimulating properties of a novel water-soluble nutraceutical made from Tinospora cordifolia stem. (arjournals.org)
The inhibitory effect of T2CA on phopho-galectin-3 expression and the activation of T-cytotoxic and NK cells suggested its protective effects against pathogenic infections and human malignancies via its immune stimulating mechanisms. (arjournals.org)

A recent study looked at the role of galectin-3 (Gal-3), a protein produced and released by macrophages, and epithelial cells of skin, among others, and its relation to the severity of disease and the level of LV longitudinal systolic deformation (GLS). (dermcast.tv)
instead exogenous galectin-3 increases adhesion to monocytes and macrophages but not epithelial cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Inhibition of Burkholderia Multivorans Adhesion to Lung Epithelial Cel" by Ciara Wight, Rosaria Leyden et al. (tudublin.ie)
Bivalent lactosides previously shown to inhibit galectin binding significantly reduced the attachment of B. multivorans to CF lung epithelial cells at micromolar concentrations. (tudublin.ie)

Metabolic regulation of UDP-GlcNAc supply to Golgi N-glycan remodeling regulates glycoprotein affinities for galectins -and in turn, trafficking and presentation at the cell surface. (gr.jp)

Tyr14 phosphorylation by Src, Fyn or Abl tyrosine kinases, has been linked to various cellular phenomena including mechano-transduction, signal transduction, endocytosis, cell migration and focal adhesion dynamics. (diff.org)
Strong evidence suggests that pY14cav1 plays both a structural and signalling role in focal adhesion function. (diff.org)

Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that galectin-3 is expressed during meningococcal disease and colocalizes with bacterial colonies in infected tissues from patients. (ox.ac.uk)
Expression of Po66-CBP, a type-8 galectin, in different healthy, tumoral and peritumoral tissues. (unige.ch)
Subsequently, several groups identified new members of the galectin family in protein extracts obtained from various tissues by using their ability to bind galactose residues on rabbit erythrocytes and cloning approaches based on sequence homology. (fdocuments.net)
The principal objective of our research is to investigate the mode, dynamics and mechanisms of leukocyte transmigration, the final stage in the leukocyte adhesion cascade, that describes the movement of leukocytes from the vascular lumen into inflamed and/or injured tissues. (qmul.ac.uk)

This allows galectin-3 to bridge effectively between different ligands and form adhesive networks. (wikipedia.org)

Due to the nature of the binding pocket, galectins can bind terminal sugars or internal sugars within a glycan. (wikipedia.org)
Historically, the screening and triaging of small molecule glycomimetics that bind to the galectin-3 CRD has been completed in fluorescence polarisation (FP) assays to determine K D values. (lu.se)
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a protein that can bind to β-galactosides, which plays an important role in different biological processes according to the stages of the disease in patients with endometriosis. (istanbul.edu.tr)

The galectin lattice is a multi-valent interaction of galectins with glycoproteins at the cell surface that displays rapid exchange of binding partners with properties of liquid-liquid phase transitions, thereby acting as an intermediary between freely diffusing glycoproteins and stable complexes in the membrane. (gr.jp)
Escoda-Ferran C, Carrasco E, Caballero-Baños M, Miró-Julià C, Martínez-Florensa M, Consuegra-Fernández M, Martínez VG, Liu FT, Lozano F. Modulation of CD6 function through interaction with Galectin-1 and -3. (hcdm.org)

Tandem galectins contain at least two distinct carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) within one polypeptide, thus are considered intrinsically divalent. (wikipedia.org)

To address some of these gaps in knowledge, we used Zebrafish as a model system to examine the role of galectins in infection by infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), a rhabdovirus that is responsible for significant losses in both farmed and wild salmonid fish. (nsf.gov)

When Galectin-3 is at a low concentration it is monomeric and likely to inhibit adhesion. (wikipedia.org)

2. Pabalan N, Jarjanazi H, Christofolini DM, Barbosa CP, Bianco B. Association of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) gene polymorphisms with endometriosis: A systematic review and metaanalysis. (istanbul.edu.tr)
4. Aghajanpour L, Mashayekhi F, Rajaei F. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) gene polymorphism and endometriosis in northern Iran. (istanbul.edu.tr)

This article is a literature review that presents information of the expression of galectins 1 and 3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma, considering its multifunctional role in biological processes. (bvsalud.org)

The galectin carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) is constructed from beta-sheet of about 135 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
The strength of ligand binding is determined by a number of factors: The multivalency of both of ligand and the galectin, the length of the carbohydrate and the mode of presentation of ligand to carbohydrate recognition domain. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, this evidence has established a newparadigm by which galectins can function not only as pattern recognition receptors but also as effector factors, by binding to the microbial surface and inhibiting adhesion and/or entry into the host cell, directly killing the potential pathogen by disrupting its surface structures, or by promoting phagocytosis, encapsulation, autophagy, and pathogen clearance from circulation. (nsf.gov)
Strikingly, some viruses, bacteria, and protistan parasites take advantage of the aforementioned recognition roles of the vector/host galectins, for successful attachment and invasion. (nsf.gov)

Gal-3 promotes cell adhesion and proliferation, which are the mechanisms behind fibrosis. (dermcast.tv)
Galectin-3 facilitates cell motility in gastric cancer by up-regulating protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). (arjournals.org)
Modulated expression of adhesion molecules and galectin-1: role during mesenchymal stromal cell immunoregulatory functions[J]. Exp Hematol, 2010, 38: 922-932. (magtechjournal.com)
PY14C av1 has been localized to focal adhesions using a monoclonal antibody, suggesting a specific function in cell migration processes. (diff.org)
Cloning, mapping, and characterization of activated leukocyte-cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), a CD6 ligand. (hcdm.org)

Plasma galectin-3 (Gal-3) is associated with organ fibrosis, but whether urinary Gal-3 is a potential biomarker of kidney disease progression has never been explored. (mdpi.com)

Concentrations of galectin-3 in the sera of normal controls and cancer patients. (arjournals.org)

By tracing significant alterations of protein expression likely relevant for the observed phenotypic effects, the capacity of a galectin to affect the proteome of human colon cancer cells at multiple sites is revealed. (uni-muenchen.de)
Mechanistically, the highly activated JNK phosphorylated c-Jun and ATF2 formed a heterodimer to upregulate the expression of Galectin-1, leading to promoting cisplatin resistance in liver cancer. (ijbs.com)
Different expression pattern of TIM-3 and Galectin-9 molecules by peripheral and peritoneal lymphocytes in women with and without endometriosis. (istanbul.edu.tr)
Differential expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 during first trimester human embryogenesis. (istanbul.edu.tr)

Further, sodium butyrate has been shown to influence the adhesion and growth-regulating galectin network that controls the proliferation of human colon cancer cells in vitro ( 10 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Galectin-8 Is Upregulated in Keratinocytes by IL-17A and Promotes Proliferation by Regulating Mitosis in Psoriasis. (unige.ch)

Galectin-8: a complex sub-family of galectins (Review). (unige.ch)
Currently, 15 members of the family of galectins are characterized in mammalians. (bvsalud.org)

In recent years, the role of galectins in viral infection has generated considerable interest. (nsf.gov)
Studies on highly pathogenic viruses have provided invaluable insight into the participation of galectins in various stages of viral infection, including attachment and entry. (nsf.gov)

Different galectins have distinct binding specificities for binding oligosaccharides depending on the tissue in which they are expressed and the function that they possess. (wikipedia.org)

Galectin-3 has been implicated in various diseases, including fibrotic disorders and cancer, and is now being therapeutically targeted by both small and large molecules. (lu.se)

What is the Role of Galectin-3 in Cardiovascular Problems for Patients with Psoriasis? (dermcast.tv)
Fukumori T, Kanayama HO, Raz A: The role of galectin-3 in cancer drug resistance. (arjournals.org)
Here we provide an inte- grated view of the role of galectins in hematological malignancies. (fdocuments.net)

The degree of lymphocyte adhesion to native and the "H-restored" ( glycolipid -loaded) EA.hy 926 cells was comparable. (bvsalud.org)
Malignant transformation of thyroid follicular cells by galectin-3. (arjournals.org)
Galectin 8 targets damaged vesicles for autophagy to defend cells against bacterial invasion. (unige.ch)

The crystal structures of the galectins with a single CRD, such as galectin-1 and -7, have shown that multiple CRDs are pre- sent following dimerization [5-6]. (fdocuments.net)

Anatomy40

Organisms15

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs120

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes47

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science6

Member of the galectin family2

Apoptosis5

Tumor13

Extracellular4

Lectin5

Interactions5

Mediates3

Lectins5

Drgal1-L21

Proteins6

Affinity7

Glycans4

Metastasis1

Binds2

Serum5

Endothelial5

Immune6

Epithelial4

Regulates1

Focal adhesion2

Tissues4

Ligands1

Bind3

Interaction2

Carbohydrate recognition domains1

Infectious hemat1

Inhibit1

Intercellular2

Carcinoma1

Recognition4

Cell5

Biomarker1

Concentrations1

Expression4

Proliferation2

Family2

Viral2

Oligosaccharides1

Molecules1

Role3

Cells3

CRDs1