• A common theme of these processes is a dynamic reorganization of actin cytoskeleton which has now emerged as a major switch control mainly carried out by Rho and Rac GTPase subfamilies, playing an acknowledged role in adaptation of cell motility to the microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High-risk groups had significant involvement of the cell cycle, DNA replication, adherens junction, actin cytoskeleton regulation, pathways in cancer, and TGF-β signaling pathways. (aging-us.com)
  • Gene ontology annotation revealed a number of critical signalling pathways that were differentially expressed in cells treated with LA, including biological processes involved in establishment of cell polarity, molecular functions that regulate junctional structures, and cellular components associated with epithelial repair (cell leading edge, ruffle and apical junctional complex). (ecco-ibd.eu)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Generally, the ablation of two genes located in parallel pathways (leading to cell survival or a common essential product) is one of the important patterns causing synthetic lethality (SL) [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Gene set enrichment analysis showed that samples from low-risk group were more active in the IgA production in intestinal immune network and the T and B cell receptor signaling pathway. (aging-us.com)
  • Rho GTPases represent a family of small GTP-binding proteins involved in cell cytoskeleton organization, migration, transcription, and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They are endowed with GTP hydrolytic activity, mainly involved in cytoskeleton rearrangements and cell motility, but also involved in cell proliferation, transformation and differentiation [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network of filamentous proteins that enables the active transport of cellular cargo, transduces force, and when assembled into higher-order structures, forms the basis for motile cellular structures that promote cell movement. (mechanobio.info)
  • Tight junctions (TJs) located at the apical lateral region of adjacent intestinal epithelial cells are largely responsible for regulating the intestinal mucosal barrier. (ecco-ibd.eu)
  • Seam cells are linked to the hypodermis by small adherens junctions along their apical borders and by small gap junctions on their lateral membranes ( SeamFIG 2 ).In a newly hatched animal, there are ten seam cells on each side of the animal (H1-H2, V1-V6 and T). All seam cells, except for H0, divide in a stem-cell-like pattern before each molt. (wormatlas.org)
  • The apical face of each seam cell faces the cuticle and remains in contact with the cuticle along the full length of the cell (a, b). (wormatlas.org)
  • At its apical surface, seam makes adherens junctions (aj) to the hypodermis throughout its length. (wormatlas.org)
  • Here, we investigated the role of tight-junction protein 1 (TJP1), a membrane-associated intercellular barrier protein during the development of LMS and the tumor microenvironment. (molcells.org)
  • In this study, we propose an efficient and comprehensive in-silico pipeline to rank novel SL gene pairs by mining vast amounts of accumulated tumor high-throughput sequencing data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), coupled with other protein interaction networks and cell line information. (oncotarget.com)
  • ECs were treated with oxLDL under HG conditions in the presence or absence of ROS scavengers mitoTEMPO and NAC, p38 inhibitor SB203580, FOXO1 inhibitor AS1842856 or transfected with the TXNIP siRNA, before protein expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‑1), vascular cell adhesion molecule‑1 (VCAM‑1), phosphorylated vascular endothelial‑cadherin (VE‑cadhedrin), VE‑cadherin and zonula occludens‑1 (ZO‑1) were measured by western blotting. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We found that disrupting forces through chemical inhibitors, depletion of an adherens junction protein, or blocking mesoderm invagination disrupted Pins planar polarity and spindle orientation. (elifesciences.org)
  • In symmetric epithelial cell divisions, spindle orientation also depends on Pins, which is recruited to the lateral cortex by the lateral domain protein, Discs large (Dlg). (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, we reconstructed Par-dependent polarity using non-polarized Drosophila S2 cells expressing all three components endogenously in the cytoplasm. (elifesciences.org)
  • Thus, this reconstruction system provides an experimental paradigm to study features of the assembly process and structure of Par-dependent cell-autonomous polarity. (elifesciences.org)
  • We used Drosophila Schneider cells (S2 cells) of mesodermal origin, as host cells for cell-autonomous reconstruction of cell polarity ( Schneider, 1972 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Subsequently, rosmarinic acid treatment significantly reversed oxLDL‑induced overexpression of adhesion molecules and monocyte‑EC adhesion, oxLDL‑induced endothelial junction hyperpermeability and monocyte transmigration through the endothelial monolayer under HG conditions, in a dose‑dependent manner. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cell membranes are highly enriched in signaling receptors, transmembrane mechanosensors, pumps and channels, and, depending on their makeup, can recruit and retain a pool of mechanosensors important in the field of mechanobiology. (mechanobio.info)
  • Our study indicates that the pre-screening of potential SL gene pairs based on the large genomics data repertoire of tumor tissues and cancer cell lines could substantially expedite the identification of synthetic lethal gene pairs for cancer therapy. (oncotarget.com)
  • Endothelial cells (ECs) form a semi-permeable monolayer that separates the bloodstream from underlying tissues and regulate the infiltration of blood cells and proteins through the vessel wall ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These two modes of cell movement are interconvertible and several moving cells, including tumor cells, show an high degree of plasticity in motility styles shifting ad hoc between mesenchymal or amoeboid movements. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients with low risk scores had a higher abundance of immune cells and stromal cells around the tumor. (aging-us.com)
  • We observed robust tumor growth in mice transplanted with LMS cell lines expressing TJP1 while no tumor mass was found in mice transplanted with SK-LMS-1 Sh-TJP1 cells with silenced TJP1 expression. (molcells.org)
  • Further analysis revealed two clusters related to cell proliferation and the tumor microenvironment. (molcells.org)
  • Taken together, these results imply that TJP1 contributes to the development of sarcoma by proliferation through modulating cell-cell aggregation and communication through cytokines in the tumor microenvironment and might be a beneficial therapeutic target. (molcells.org)
  • To identify the TJP1-dependent factors important in the development of LMS, genes with altered expression were selected in SK-LMS-1 cells such as cyclinD1, CSF1 and so on. (molcells.org)
  • In the earliest stages of development, the physical properties of the microenvironment can direct cell differentiation, and initiate the coordinated movement of groups of cells to establish the patterns that will define how the body is arranged. (mechanobio.info)
  • The adult alae are commonly used as an indicator of hypodermal seam cell terminal differentiation. (wormatlas.org)
  • These cells are also sometimes referred to as lateral hypodermal cells, because they share some functions with the major hypodermis, including secreting cuticle and generating the contractile force during elongation of the embryo. (wormatlas.org)
  • A. Schematic view of left lateral seam cells in an L1-stage larva. (wormatlas.org)
  • B. Schematic view of left lateral seam cells in adult hermaphrodite. (wormatlas.org)
  • In contrast, symmetric divisions in epithelia divide cellular components equally, and usually results in both daughter cells remaining in the tissue. (elifesciences.org)
  • This review will focus on the role of Rac and Rho small GTPases in cell motility and in the complex relationship driving the reciprocal control between Rac and Rho granting for the opportunistic motile behaviour of aggressive cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among other members, we will focus our attention on the Rac and Rho subfamilies, as they are the main effectors of cell motility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cells exhibit three distinct modes of migration when invading the 3 D environment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The finding that gastrulation-induced forces are required for asymmetric localization of an important and evolutionarily conserved spindle orientation factor, Pins, will be of broad interest to cell and developmental biologists. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, we identify Pins-mediated planar cell polarized divisions in several of the mitotic domains of the early Drosophila embryo. (elifesciences.org)
  • Polarization is a fundamental cellular property that plays a vital role in various biological processes in multi-cellular as well as single-cell organisms. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cell polarization involving the Par-complex in situ is linked to various other processes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Because of such association between Par-dependent polarization and other processes, the Par-complex exhibits different behavioral characteristics in an individual context, making it difficult to determine general features of the dynamic process taking place during cell polarization by the Par-complex. (elifesciences.org)
  • To understand the general and dynamic characteristics of the cell polarization process induced by the Par-complex, we attempted to reconstruct Par-complex-dependent cell polarization system in a cell-autonomous manner using non-polar cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • In addition it depends on Rac1-mediated cell polarization and lamellipodia formation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Between the L2 and L4 stages, most seam-cell divisions generate an anterior daughter cell that fuses with hyp 7 and a posterior daughter cell that continues to divide until the last molt between L4 and adult stages (see HypFIG 1 ). (wormatlas.org)
  • Seam cells have increased in number to 16 on each side through post-embryonic seam divisions. (wormatlas.org)
  • In a previous study, it was reported that oxLDL treatment induced nucleotide‑binding domain and leucine‑rich repeat containing family, pyrin domain‑containing 3 inflammasome activation in endothelial cells (ECs) under HG conditions, in a manner that could be effectively reversed by rosmarinic acid. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 1 - 3 ] Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the major type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • In particular, notable advances have been made in cancer therapy for example, with the discovery of Herceptin to treat breast cancer patients with HER2 amplification, and with Iressa for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer patients with an EGFR mutation. (oncotarget.com)
  • Mechanosignl and enable communication between neighbouring cells. (mechanobio.info)
  • They are also in close contact with P blast cells on the ventral side. (wormatlas.org)
  • From left: Panel 1 shows formation of nascent adhesions at the cell periphery. (mechanobio.info)
  • In contrast to the costly and labour-intensive genome-wide siRNA or CRISPR-based human cell line screening approaches, computational approaches to prioritize potential synthetic lethality pairs for further experimental validation represent an attractive alternative. (oncotarget.com)
  • Interestingly, significant differences in the cell growth of mTOR siRNA or EGFR siRNA knock-down were detected between cancer cells with wild type TP53 and mutant TP53. (oncotarget.com)
  • Single cell mesenchymal-type movement is characterized by an elongated cellular shape and again requires extracellular proteolysis and integrin engagement. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conversely, in amoeboid movement cells have a rounded morphology, the movement is independent from proteases but requires high Rho GTPase to drive elevated levels of actomyosin contractility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At each original cell body of the seam syncytium, where the nuclei are positioned, the seam completely interrupts hyp 7 (section through B in inset ), whereas at the ends of the cells, the seam is so thin that hyp 7 runs behind it, enfolding it completely (section through C in inset ). (wormatlas.org)
  • After mid-L1, all seam cells become embedded within the major hypodermis, hyp 7. (wormatlas.org)
  • In addition, 4 SL pairs, mTOR-TP53, VEGFR2-TP53, EGFR-TP53, ATM-PRKCA, were validated using drug sensitivity information in the cancer cell line databases CCLE or NCI60 . (oncotarget.com)