• Known drug targets of putrescine include putrescine-binding periplasmic protein, ornithine decarboxylase, and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme. (drugbank.com)
  • Treatment of mouse lymphoma S49 cells with D,L-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, depleted cellular polyamine levels and stopped cell growth. (rupress.org)
  • The activities of the polyamine-synthesizing enzymes ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase (SAMD) are both reduced in Bt2cAMP-treated cells to about 10% of that in control populations, as shown previously. (rupress.org)
  • Topical application of retinole acid to mouse skin led to a dramatic inhibition of phorbol ester (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) activity, an event proposed to be essen tial for tumor promotion. (archive.org)
  • The ability of retinoids to inhibit tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetateinduced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity corre lated with their ability to inhibit skin tumor promotion. (archive.org)
  • Mixing of soluble extracts from tetradecanoyl-phorbolacetate-treated mouse epidermis pretreated with either reti noic acid or acetone gave essentially additive ornithine decarboxylase activity, arguing against the production of an inhibitor of tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate-induced orni thine decarboxylase activity. (archive.org)
  • Furthermore, retinoic acid did not alter tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity when added to the assay mixture under normal assay conditions. (archive.org)
  • Nevertheless, regulatory mechanisms explaining polyamine biosynthetic genes displaying dysregulated expression in suicide completers, including ornithine decarboxylase antizymes 1 and 2 (OAZ1 and OAZ2), S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AMD1), and arginase 2 (ARG2), have yet to be elucidated. (ulaval.ca)
  • This study shows the natural occurrence of serratiochelins, photobactin, enterobactin, and aerobactin in a single bacterial species and illuminates the interplay between siderophore biosynthetic pathways and polyamine production, indicating routes of molecular diversification. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Effects of promoter methylation on increased expression of polyamine biosynthetic genes in suicide. (ulaval.ca)
  • They are synthesized by most bacteria [ 24 ] and eukaryotes [ 25 ] from l -lysine, l -methionine, l -aspartate, and l -arginine, with bacteria synthesizing a greater diversity of polyamines than eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methionine adenosyltransferase, which catalyses the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP, is involved in polyamine biosynthesis during active growth and is also required for the methylation and cyclopropylation of mycolipids necessary for survival in the chronic phase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For the M. smegmatis enzyme, the Vmax for S-adenosylmethionine formation was 1.30 μmol/min/mg protein and the Km for methionine and ATP was 288 μM and 76 μM respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The hypothesis that cAMP-induced arrest results from polyamine depletion is not tenable, because the arrest could not be reversed by addition of exogenous polyamines, and because cellular polyamine levels do not drop in dibuturyl cyclic AMP (Bt2cAMP)-arrested cells. (rupress.org)
  • activity, a second enzyme in the pathway of polyamine biosynthesis. (archive.org)
  • dcSAM is the product of the second rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, the processing and stabilization of which is usually mTORC1-dependent (12). (ubatubasat.com)
  • A) Polyamine synthetic pathway. (ubatubasat.com)
  • In pathway IV, the monooxygenase/decarboxylase davB forms 5-aminopentanamide, which is hydrolyzed to 5-aminovalerate (5-aminopentanoate). (lbl.gov)
  • We developed transgenic tomatoes expressing yeast S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (ySAMdc) gene driven by a fruit-specific E8 promoter to investigate the role of polyamines in fruit metabolism. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Aminopropyl transfer, during polyamine metabolism, yields methylthioadenosine, which is split into adenine and methylthioribose by the mtnA gene ( yrrU ) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Biologically active amines in transgenic plants, polyamines and tumour growth, physiology and metabolism of biologically active amines, biologically active amines in food processing and amines produced by bacteria. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
  • Polyamines Rabbit Polyclonal to MRPL46 are small aliphatic polycations with diverse biological functions. (ubatubasat.com)
  • Polyamines (PAs), as a class of active small molecules, widely participate in various cellular activities. (ashs.org)
  • Overaccumulation of higher polyamines in ripening transgenic tomato fruit revives metabolic memory, upregulates anabolism-related genes, and positively impacts nutritional quality. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Polyamine synthesis is usually a tightly controlled process including multiple opinions loops, underscoring the biological importance of maintaining proper levels of these metabolites. (ubatubasat.com)
  • A transaminase forms 2-oxoadipate, a oxygenase/decarboxylase (D-2-hydroxyglutarate synthase) forms (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate, and a dehydrogenase forms 2-oxoglutarate, which is an intermediate in the TCA cycle. (lbl.gov)
  • The hypothesis that polyamine-mediated growth arrest is effected via modulation of cAMP levels or cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity was also shown to be incorrect, because a S49 variant deficient in cAMP-dependent protein kinase was arrested by DFMO. (rupress.org)
  • Due to their positive charge, polyamines can interact with nucleic acids and proteins and regulate specific ion channels, thereby exerting wide-ranging effects on transcription, translation, RNA and protein stability and cell signaling (10). (ubatubasat.com)
  • Growth regulatory effects of cyclic AMP and polyamine depletion are dissociable in cultured mouse lymphoma cells. (rupress.org)
  • These findings provide further support for a role for the involvement of epigenetic modifications in the regulation of genes associated with polyamine biosynthesis, and which may contribute to the complexity of suicidal behaviors. (ulaval.ca)
  • The observations that (1) is usually a transcriptional target of proto-oncogene (14), (2) polyamines are involved in cell growth and proliferation and (3) polyamines are upregulated in malignancies have made them a focus of cancer research (15). (ubatubasat.com)
  • Mutant strains not synthesizing polyamine-siderophores significantly increased enterobactin production levels, though lack of enterobactin did not impact the production of serratiochelins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We tested two hypotheses regarding the relationship of growth arrest mediated by polyamine limitation to that mediated by cyclic AMP (cAMP). (rupress.org)
  • In particular, upon entry into the stationary growth phase (which is often the consequence of starvation in one of the major cell metabolite supplies: carbon, nitrogen or phosphorus), we observed that polyamine biosynthesis was much affected, in parallel with the expression of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In active, replicative growth cells require polyamines for cell division. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DFMO diminishes ODC activity and augments SAMD activity in both untreated and Bt2cAMP-treated cells, leading to polyamine depletion in both cases. (rupress.org)
  • Using a mouse model of TSC in which the gene was conditionally targeted in most developing neurons and glial cells of the CNS (brains (9), with no switch in the downstream polyamine metabolites spermidine or spermine. (ubatubasat.com)
  • Previous research has indicated that epigenetic mechanisms play a role in explaining dysregulation of polyamine genes in suicide completers. (ulaval.ca)
  • Among them, polyamines (PAs) are well-studied natural compounds that can elicit numerous positive responses in drought-stressed plants. (frontiersin.org)
  • one way that bacteria diversify siderophore structure is by incorporating different polyamine backbones while maintaining the catechol moieties. (biomedcentral.com)