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Conversion of adenosine triphosphateMolecule called adenosineKnown as adenosinePhosphorylationMonophosphatePhosphate groupsHydrogen ionCell'sMoleculesConvertCarbonReactionProcessesAnimalsFormMadeRoleEnergy sourceCellsFuelStudyMoleculeProduce adenosine triphosphateNucleosideAdenine nucleotideMetabolismGlucosePhosphatesMitochondriaCreatinePlateletDerivativesEnergyPlateletsReceptorProteinPathwaysReceptorsPurinergicLosesMuscleGroupEffectsCritical

Conversion of adenosine triphosphate2

• In particular, testosterone acts as a catalyst for the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine diphosphate (ADP), which is required for the maintenance of cellular integrity. (erec-renewables.org)
• The conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a nucleotide consisting of the sugar ribose, the base adenine, and three phosphate groups, to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) uses water and releases energy and a phosphate ion. (coursehero.com)

Molecule called adenosine2

• In living things, the unit of energy is a molecule called adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. (coursehero.com)
• Another segment of the enzyme uses the energy created by this proton flow to convert a molecule called adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to ATP. (medlineplus.gov)

Known as adenosine2

• Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), also known as adenosine pyrophosphate (APP), is an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells. (wikipedia.org)
• ATP synthase uses the energy of protons to produce the energy storage molecule known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate (Pi). (nanowerk.com)

Phosphorylation3

• It catalyzes phosphorylation of serine and threonine on target proteins, converting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). (news-medical.net)
• In anaerobic glycolysis, substrate-linked phosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) occurs at 2 steps along the pathway from glucose metabolism to lactate. (aao.org)
• These cellular structures produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation, which uses oxygen and simple sugars to create adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell's main energy source. (medlineplus.gov)

Monophosphate3

• ADP can be interconverted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). (wikipedia.org)
• During these processes, it is converted to either adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). (chemistryviews.org)
• The net breakdown of ATP from glycolysis results in ADP, AMP (Adenosine MonoPhosphate), phosphate, lactate and acid accumulation (acidosis). (benbest.com)

Phosphate groups2

• ATP is made by adding phosphate groups to adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate. (beforethemusicdies.com)
• Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contain phosphate and use chemical bonds between phosphate groups to store energy. (msdmanuals.com)

Hydrogen ion1

• The liberation of phosphate from ATP is a source of cellular energy that results in ADP (Adenosine DiPhosphate) and hydrogen ion (acid). (benbest.com)

Cell's1

• When ATP releases energy for the cell's use, it changes to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). (bionity.com)

Molecules3

• The Krebs cycle is part of the aerobic degradative process in eukaryotes known as cellular respiration, which is a process that generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by oxidizing energy-rich fuel molecules. (encyclopedia.com)
• Phosphate diesters constitute the backbone of RNA and DNA-key molecules carrying the genetic information for the reproduction of all known living organisms-as well as the hydrophilic head of phospholipids, while monoesters of pyrophosphate (P 2 O 7 4− ) and triphosphate (P 3 O 10 5− ) play a critical role in cellular energy transfer as adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and triphosphate (ATP), respectively. (nature.com)
• This pump is driven by the energy stored in ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate) molecules manufactured in the mitochondria. (benbest.com)

Convert2

• The body then uses the energy in food to convert adenosine diphosphate back to ATP. (beforethemusicdies.com)
• In order for cells to use the energy from foods, the body must first convert the energy in foods to adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, a molecule that contains three strongly bound phosphates. (sdsucollegian.com)

Carbon1

• The diphosphate group of ADP is attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar backbone, while the adenine attaches to the 1' carbon. (wikipedia.org)

Reaction2

• The enzyme hexokinase (HK) catalyzes the reaction between glucose and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). (cdc.gov)
• SLP is a type of chemical reaction that results in the formation and creation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the direct transfer and donation of a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) from a reactive intermediate. (harvard.edu)

Processes1

• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP, pictured) acts as the "fuel" in living cells that powers many energy-consuming processes. (chemistryviews.org)

Animals1

• In both plants and animals, energy is stored and transported by the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule. (nobelprize.org)

Form2

• Sunlight causes bacteriorhodopsin to pump protons out of the cell, which enables the cell to synthesize energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate. (nanowerk.com)
• Whole blood is the preferred specimen (as opposed to plasma or serum), as 90% of vitamin B1 in whole blood is thiamine diphosphate (the biologically active form) and 80% of thiamine in whole blood is found in red blood cells. (medscape.com)

Made2

• This energy is made available primarily from Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). (betterbodz.com)
• An organism's cells cannot use the energy directly, but a molecule called ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is made and acts as a secondary chemical potential energy store. (docbrown.info)

Role1

• These findings define a previously unknown role for the adenosine triphosphate-dependent chromatin remodeling machinery (Mizuguchi, 2004). (sdbonline.org)

Energy source1

• Adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) is the energy source used by muscle cells to fuel muscle contraction. (tigerfitness.com)

Cells1

• To counteract constraints imposed by nucleosome structure, cells deploy two major classes of multiprotein enzymes, which covalently modify the nucleosome core histones or catalyze nucleosome mobility in an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent fashion. (sdbonline.org)

Fuel1

• The high availability of cellular phosphocreatine can help with the faster conversion of Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the molecule that is our primary fuel source for high-intensity exercise. (biolayne.com)

Study1

• This study has found that Swr1, a Swi2/Snf2-related adenosine triphosphatase, is the catalytic core of a multisubunit, histone-variant exchanger that efficiently replaces conventional histone H2A with histone H2AZ in nucleosome arrays. (sdbonline.org)

Molecule8

• To start this process, BiP attaches (binds) to a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (medlineplus.gov)
• When BiP folds a protein, the ATP is converted to a similar molecule called adenosine diphosphate (ADP). (medlineplus.gov)
• The most common is a molecule that we call ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). (wikibooks.org)
• The generic name for numerous enzymes that are specific for the transfer of an adenylyl group (adenosine[mono]phosphor group) from a donor molecule (usually adenosine triphosphate, ATP) to an acceptor, such as a nucleotide, a protein, and a sugar. (nih.gov)
• Following Burnstock's pioneering work on the role of ATP-sensitive P2 purinoceptors, its metabolite adenosine soon became recognized as an extracellular signalling molecule through the activation of plasma membrane-bound P1 receptors family that are expressed in every organ systems in the body. (frontiersin.org)
• Metabolism of PEP to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase (PK) generates 1 molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via substrate-level phosphorylation. (hmdb.ca)
• In gluconeogenesis, PEP is formed from the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate and hydrolysis of 1 guanosine triphosphate molecule. (hmdb.ca)
• Adenosine triphosphate, ATP for short, is the primary molecule used by the muscles as energy to contract. (liftbigeatbig.com)

Produce adenosine triphosphate1

• CP is one of the most important components when it comes to delivering energy and strength to the muscle by re-phosphorylating adenosine diphosphate in order to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (proteinfactory.com)

Nucleoside6

• Although the 'purinergic nerve hypothesis' proposed by Burnstock in the early 1970s was met with considerable skepticism, it is now accepted that certain neurons use a purine nucleotide or nucleoside such as ATP or adenosine as a neurotransmitter. (medscape.com)
• 4. Nucleoside triphosphates inhibit ADP, collagen, and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation: role of P2Y₁ and P2Y₁₂ receptors. (nih.gov)
• The endogenous levels of the purine nucleoside, adenosine, increase significantly following cardiovascular events. (frontiersin.org)
• The purine nucleoside adenosine was first identified in 1929 when Drury and Szent-Gyorgyi successfully extracted a rhythm-influencing adenylic substance from the mammalian heart and other tissues ( Drury and Szent-Gyorgyi, 1929 ). (frontiersin.org)
• The discovery of Ochoa and coworkers (3, 4) that polyribonucleotides are formed from nucleoside diphosphates in a reaction catalyzed by an enzyme from Azotobacter vinelandii made it clear that ADP rather than ATP was the reactive component. (nih.gov)
• Assay A: Incorporation of Labeled Nucleoside Diphosphate into Acid- Insoluble Precipitate-The incubation mixture (0.25 ml.) contained 0.05 ml. of glycylglycine buffer (1 m, pH 7.4), 0.02 ml. of ADP (0.04 m), 0.02 ml. of 8-C4-ADP (0.00227 m, 7.8 X 105 c.p.m. per umole), 0.01 ml. of 2 See Crawford, et al. (nih.gov)

Adenine nucleotide3

• 1. Differential effects of adenine nucleotide analogues on shape change and aggregation induced by adnosine 5-diphosphate (ADP) in human platelets. (nih.gov)
• Additionally, TB supplementation mitigated the decrease of ileal adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate and total adenine nucleotide and the reduction of jejunal catalase activity induced by LPS. (animbiosci.org)
• Adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP) is an adenine nucleotide involved in energy storage and nucleic acid metabolism via its conversion into ATP by ATP synthases. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Metabolism2

• Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), also known as adenosine pyrophosphate (APP), is an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells. (wikipedia.org)
• In this study, Szent-Gyorgyi and Isenberg used electron paramagnetic resonance techniques to examine the nature of charge-transfer in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and ask what it might say about ATP's role in cell metabolism. (nih.gov)

Glucose1

• The enzyme hexokinase (HK) catalyzes the reaction between glucose and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). (cdc.gov)

Phosphates2

• It is triphosphate because it has three phosphates. (liftbigeatbig.com)
• When ATP is used, it becomes adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as in two phosphates. (liftbigeatbig.com)

Mitochondria2

• In the animal world, the life-supporting bio-energy is generated mostly by mitochondria through the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). (hpathy.com)
• Mitochondria are essential cellular organelles that convert metabolites of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into a usable form of energy-adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (mhmedical.com)

Creatine2

• Creatine is essential to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the source of energy for our muscles and when the muscles are stimulated ATP is broken down into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and this is what releases energy. (steroid.com)
• Creatine gives up one of its phosphate molecules to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) which in turn creates ATP to be burned as fuel. (ostatic.com)

Platelet5

• This initial interaction (platelet adhesion) sets the stage for other adhesive reactions that allow the platelets to interact with other agonists in the vicinity of vessel injury, such as adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), subendothelial collagen, and thrombin. (medscape.com)
• 8. Effects of the P2-purinoceptor antagonist, suramin, on human platelet aggregation induced by adenosine 5'-diphosphate. (nih.gov)
• 15. Platelet activation by 2-(4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutylthio)adenosine 5'-diphosphate is mediated by its binding to a putative ADP receptor, aggregin. (nih.gov)
• Adenosine 5′-diphosphate disodium salt has been used as a purinergic G protein-coupled receptor P2Y12 agonistin platelet activation tests in blood samples. (sigmaaldrich.com)
• Upon its conversion to adenosine by ecto-ADPases, platelet activation is inhibited via adenosine receptors. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Derivatives1

• 11. Interaction of human blood platelets with the 2',3'-dialdehyde and 2',3'-dialcohol derivatives of adenosine 5'-diphosphate and adenosine 5'-triphosphate. (nih.gov)

Energy10

• Adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) is the source of energy for all muscle contractions. (nismat.org)
• Energy is released when ATP is broken into ADP+P i (adenosine diphosphate and phosphate group). (nismat.org)
• This energy is made available primarily from Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). (betterbodz.com)
• When muscles contract, they use a sort of fuel call adenosine triphosphate or ATP, which provides energy by releasing one of its phosphate molecules. (ostatic.com)
• After you tighten your muscles during exercise, your body utilizes Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) as energy. (preworkout.org)
• When muscles are being used, their main energy source in the body is known as ATP (adenosine triphosphate). (pescience.com)
• When the ATP is used up, it turns into ADP (adenosine diphosphate), and can no longer be used for energy. (pescience.com)
• ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the universal energy currency of a cell for both plants and animals. (mytecnika.com)
• The exposure of HMC3 cells to carnosine seems to ameliorate microglia energy state, as indicated by the increase in the adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate (ATP/ADP) ratio and energy charge potential. (unict.it)
• To create energy, we break down a three-phosphate compound called ATP ( adenosine triphosphate)into a two-phosphate compound called ADP( adenosine diphosphate). (yourgeneteam.com)

Platelets3

• 17. Partial agonist behaviour of adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) on human platelets. (nih.gov)
• 19. Competitive inhibition by adenosine 5'-triphosphate of the actions on human platelets of 2-chloroadenosine 5'-diphosphate, 2-azidoadenosine 5'-diphosphate and 2-methylthioadenosine 5'-diphosphate. (nih.gov)
• 20. Effects of RP and SP diastereoisomers of adenosine 5'-O-(1-thiodiphosphate) on human platelets. (nih.gov)

Receptor2

• 12. Agonist action of adenosine triphosphates at the human P2Y1 receptor. (nih.gov)
• 18. Adenine triphosphate nucleotides are antagonists at the P2Y receptor. (nih.gov)

Protein2

• Cloning and sequencing studies have revealed four subtypes of adenosine receptors and eight subtypes of P2Y receptors, all of which are G-protein-coupled receptors. (medscape.com)
• Cytoplasmic proteins targeted for turnover are covalently linked to the small protein ubiquitin , which then interacts with a large protein complex, the proteasome , to degrade the protein in an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent process. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Pathways1

• Here, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date critical review about the main therapeutic advantages of tuning adenosine signalling pathways in HFpEF, without discounting their side effects and how these can be seized. (frontiersin.org)

Receptors2

• 14. Stable adenine nucleotides inhibit [3H]-noradrenaline release in rabbit brain cortex slices by direct action at presynaptic adenosine A1-receptors. (nih.gov)
• Adenosine exerts cardioprotective, neuromodulatory, and immunosuppressive effects by activating plasma membrane-bound P1 receptors that are widely expressed in the cardiovascular system. (frontiersin.org)

Purinergic1

• Only in 1972, Geoff Burnstock (born: May 10, 1929, died: June 2, 2020) coined the term purinergic signalling referring to the extracellular effects of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP). (frontiersin.org)

Loses2

• When ATP loses one phosphate group, it becomes Adenosine diphosphate ( ADP ). (wikibooks.org)
• During such strains, it loses a phosphate particle and is transformed into Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP). (preworkout.org)

Muscle2

• In order for a muscle to contract, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) must break off a phosphate group, leaving behind ADP (adenosine diphosphate). (bodybuilding.com)
• During muscle contractions, ATP is hydrolysed to Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP). (betterbodz.com)

Group1

• The diphosphate group of ADP is attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar backbone, while the adenine attaches to the 1' carbon. (wikipedia.org)

Effects1

• 5. Effects of suramin on contractions of the guinea-pig vas deferens induced by analogues of adenosine 5'-triphosphate. (nih.gov)

Critical1

• The structure of ATP has an ordered carbon chain as a backbone, but the part that is really critical is the phosphorous part - the triphosphate. (hpathy.com)