Adenosine induces apoptosis. Medical search. Frequent questions

In this study, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to simulate an inflammatory environment as the testing model. (spandidos-publications.com)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), released from dying cells, has a high concentration within the cell. (spandidos-publications.com)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine are neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the central nervous system. (fgf-4.com)
The metabolic viability of the MDA-MB-231 cells following respective treatments with cCN was measured using an adenosine triphosphate luminescent assay. (phcog.com)
In this study, it was found that oxidative stress inhibited apoptosis by depleting cells of their energy source, which is called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (pinestreetfoundation.org)
Additionally, excess nitric oxide is converted to peroxynitrite, a free radical that damages mitochondria and decreases ATP ( adenosine triphosphate) production. (msdmanuals.com)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of purine metabolism that leads to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) by primarily affecting lymphocyte development and function. (researchgate.net)
It is catalyzed by ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) enzymes, which exist throughout the body but are most prevalent in the central nervous system. (biomedcentral.com)
A-to-I editing, which is catalyzed by enzymes of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family, is most prevalent in the central nervous system (CNS) but occurs in many tissues [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We previously shown that the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) regularly increases the expression and activity of ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) enzymes and adenosine deaminase (ADA). (fgf-4.com)

Of note, an increased carbohydrate uptake and/or induction of death receptors of cancer cells was exploited to develop glycoconjugates that potentially induce cellular stress, ROS and apoptosis. (degruyter.com)
Caffeine is an antagonist at adenosine receptors, which tells us that adenosine is important in the regulation of vigilance. (heresy.is)
Age-related modifications of distribution, signalling and function of a1 adenosine receptors in the brain of a rat model of absence epilepsy. (unich.it)
Altered distribution and function of A2A adenosine receptors in the brain of WAG/Rij rats with genetic absence epilepsy, before and after appearance of the disease. (unich.it)
Akt is downstream of adenosine A1 and A2a receptors and mKATP channel opening. (researchassistantresume.com)
however, in an environment where up to 95% of the cells undergo programmed cell death, a sufficient amount of adenosine is accumulated to trigger cell surface adenosine receptors. (unideb.hu)
Here we show that accumulated adenosine can induce apoptosis in immature mouse thymocytes, mostly via adenosine A(2A) receptors. (unideb.hu)
Neonatal exposure to a Type-I pyrethroid (bioallethrin) induces dose-response changes in brain muscarinic receptors and behaviour in neonatal and adult mice. (cdc.gov)

AZD2461 suppresses the growth of prostate tumor cells since AZD2461 monotherapy could prove to be efficacious, especially against cells not expressing PTEN besides activating the possible apoptosis-independent cell death pathways. (ac.ir)
Carcinogenesis results from imbalances in the described pathways, which favor proliferation and reduce apoptosis [ 1 ] [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
They are highly specific for the hydrolysis of 3ʹ-5ʹ-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and are thus a key modulator of intracellular cAMP signaling pathways. (einj.org)
191.20 μg/mL). cCN also induced apoptotic cell death in the treated cells via the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways by affecting the mRNA expression levels of Bad, Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL , and FasL . (phcog.com)
Collectively our data demonstrate that adenosine-induced cell death involves signaling pathways originally found in negative selection of thymocytes and suggest a determining role of Bim and a regulatory role for Nur77. (unideb.hu)

In vitro experiments, ADM (10 nM) in A7r5 cells (rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle cells) attenuated palmitic acid (PA, 200 µM) or angiotensin II (Ang II, 10 nM) alone or their combination treatment-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and calcification, which were effectively inhibited by the ADM receptor antagonist ADM22-52 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor Compound C, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
When oxidative stress levels are reduced in cancer cells, their growth is more easily controlled through a process called apoptosis. (pinestreetfoundation.org)
2000) A second study, involving the chemotherapy drugs etoposide and calcimycin, confirms this finding: Human Burkitt's lymphoma cells were unable to die quickly by apoptosis in the presence of oxidative stress and instead died using the slower and messier method of necrosis. (pinestreetfoundation.org)
In addition, our results suggest both Fe3O4-TiO2 NPs and TiO2 NPs could induce oxidative stress and have a potential carcinogenetic effect in vitro. (cdc.gov)

Both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic mechanisms lead to the activation of caspase 3, which mediates apoptosis through nuclear activity. (encyclopedia.pub)

It blocks adenosine-induced apoptotic body formation without affecting activation of endogenous ADP-ribosylation in leukemia HL-60 cells. (wikipedia.org)
Stably introduced into cancer cell lines, the system reports on elevated endogenous ADAR1 editing activity induced by interferon as well as knockdown of ADAR1 and ADAR2. (cancerindex.org)
Our results suggest that 1,5-AF can induce endogenous neurovascular protection, potentially preventing aging-associated brain diseases. (aging-us.com)

Results: Treatment with ammonia induced apoptotic cell death. (elsevierpure.com)

Another consequence of aging is the accumulation of so-called senescent cells, normal cells that stop dividing, contribute to tissue aging and secrete substances like cytokines that induce inflammation. (qualitycounts.com)
Western blotting indicated that both TiO2 NPs and Fe3O4-TiO2 NPs could induce apoptosis, inflammation, and carcinogenesis related signal protein alterations. (cdc.gov)

The NLRP3 inflammasome consists of the NLRP3 scaffold, the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) (ASC) adaptor and caspase-1 ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
the second stimulus is DAMPs that induce the activation of caspase-1 ( 3 , 5 , 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The E protein also induced apoptosis by activating caspase-3, which results in PARP cleavage. (psu.edu)
The TRPV1-apoptosis pathway involves Ca 2+ influx and efflux between the cytosol, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c from the mitochondria, caspase activation, and DNA fragmentation and condensation. (encyclopedia.pub)
We evaluated apoptosis using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for evidence of DNA fragmentation, immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 levels, and western blot for Bcl-2 and Bax. (einj.org)
Caspase-3 is one of the most widely studied caspases, and plays a key-role in apoptosis. (einj.org)
In ischemic animal models, caspase-3 activation is implicated in neuronal apoptosis [ 3 , 5 , 9 ]. (einj.org)
They further revealed that apoptosis was induced by cannabidiol as shown by increased subG0/G1 and apoptosis through annexin V. Apoptosis was confirmed by overexpression of p53, caspase 3 and bax. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis induction was further confirmed by morphological changes, an increase in Caspase 3/7 and a decrease in the ATP levels. (biomedcentral.com)

It inhibits cell movement and induces nuclear extrusion. (wikipedia.org)
Methotrexate (MTX) is a common chemotherapeutic drug that inhibits DNA synthesis and induces apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)

Kikuchi K , Otsuka S , Takada S , Nakanishi K , Setoyama K , Sakakima H , Tanaka E , Maruyama I , . 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose induces anti-aging effects on aging-associated brain diseases by increasing 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activity via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α/brain-derived neurotrophic factor pathway. (aging-us.com)
Calcitriol induces a number of non-genomic responses including rapid intestinal absorption of calcium, release of calcium from intracellular stores, opening of voltage-gated calcium and chloride channels, and the activation of protein kinase C, protein kinase A, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and phospholipase C ( 4 ). (jcancer.org)

Taken together, these data suggest that the PRRSV E protein interacts with mitochondrial proteins and induces apoptosis by inhibiting ATP production. (psu.edu)
Pujhari, S & Zakhartchouk, AN 2016, ' Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus envelope (E) protein interacts with mitochondrial proteins and induces apoptosis ', Archives of Virology , vol. 161, no. 7, pp. 1821-1830. (psu.edu)
Combined exposure to DEET (N,N-diethyl- m -toluamide) and permethrin-induced release of rat brain mitochondrial cytochrome c. (cdc.gov)

In mammals, the most prevalent form of RNA editing involves the conversion of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) by hydrolytic deamination at the C6 position of adenine (Figure 1 a) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Once an adenosine nucleotide is converted to an inosine, it acts in a manner similar to a guanosine nucleotide, with a number of potential consequences [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
ADAR enzymes catalyze the A-to-I hydrolytic deamination reaction, by which an adenosine loses an amine group and is converted to inosine. (biomedcentral.com)
Adenosine to inosine editing is common in the human transcriptome and changes of this essential activity is associated with disease. (cancerindex.org)

Inhibition of Hsp90β by the chemicals Geldanamycin (GA) and Novobiocin (NB) caused a dose-dependent decrease of the NO production induced by IL-1β in chondrocytes, up to basal levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Chemical inhibition or specific gene silencing of this chaperone reduced the DNA condensation and fragmentation, typical of death by apoptosis, that is induced by NO donors in chondrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
This alleviating effect could be ascribed to the inhibition apoptosis due to increased cAMP production by pentoxifylline. (einj.org)
Calcitriol elicits anti-tumor effects mainly through the induction of cancer cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, differentiation, angiogenesis and the inhibition of cell invasiveness by a number of mechanisms. (jcancer.org)
The broad spectrum anti-tumor effects of calcitriol and analogs are mostly based on inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness, induction of differentiation and apoptosis, and promotion of angiogenesis. (jcancer.org)

Some in vitro studies have shown that 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose (1,5-AF) induces AMPK activation. (aging-us.com)

MTT viability test, Annexin V‐FITC/propidium iodide double staining, and caspase3 activity assay were used to evaluate the apoptosis and relative expression of PTEN and VEGF in PC-3 and DU145 cell lines using real-time PCR. (ac.ir)
We used a step-down avoidance task to evaluate short-term memory and 3ʹ-5ʹ-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) assay to detect cAMP levels. (einj.org)
The mode of cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells induced by cCN was examined using a luminescence- and fluorescence-based assay and the mechanisms involved were evaluated by comparative analysis of gene expression by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (phcog.com)

Poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have recently been found to be remarkably toxic to cells with defects in homologous recombination, particularly cells with BRCA-mutated backgrounds. (ac.ir)
This initial interaction (platelet adhesion) sets the stage for other adhesive reactions that allow the platelets to interact with other agonists in the vicinity of vessel injury, such as adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), subendothelial collagen, and thrombin. (medscape.com)

Treatment of cells by AZD2461 also caused a significant increase in apoptosis through caspase3 activation in both cell lines. (ac.ir)
Overall, phagocytosis is considered a beneficial phenomenon, since it eliminates dead cells and induces an anti-inflammatory response. (frontiersin.org)
Chondrocyte metabolism is influenced by several cytokines and growth factors, which drive two qualitatively distinct functional programs in these cells: the catabolic program is induced by proinflammatory stimuli and characterized by the secretion of proteases, suppression of matrix synthesis, and induction of chondrocyte apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
On the other hand, pretreatment with various concentrations of methionine sulfoximine reduced the glutamine synthetase activity in ammonia-treated RGM-1 cells, and prevented the induction of apoptosis and the reduction in intracellular ATP levels in a dose-dependent manner. (elsevierpure.com)
Consequently, ROS-modulation has emerged as an anticancer strategy with synthesis of various ROS-inducing or responsive agents that target cancer cells. (degruyter.com)
1 What got scientists so interested was that the gene expression changes induced by resveratrol in yeast cells were similar to those thought to confer longer life in human beings. (lifeextension.com)
ADAR1 silencing in breast cancer cells leads to increased apoptosis, suggesting an anti-apoptotic function that promotes cancer progression. (cancerindex.org)
Similar to Ad-sh-TGF-ß1, Ad-ADM not only inhibited the LPS-induced cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis but also restored the gene and protein levels of SF-1, LRH1, NUR77, StAR, P450scc, 3ß-HSD, CYP17 and 17ß-HSD, along with the medium concentrations of testosterone in LPS-induced Leydig cells. (bvsalud.org)
However, reports on the growth-inhibitory effect of C. nutans leaf extract on the aggressive triple-negative breast cancer cells and the mechanisms of induced-cell death in these cells are limited. (phcog.com)
During apoptosis, cells are removed by the immune system before they lose their cell wall, thus avoiding an inflammatory response to the dying cells. (pinestreetfoundation.org)
The authors of the above-mentioned study on Burkitt lymphoma cells and chemotherapy suggest that including antioxidants in the treatment protocol may enhance chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and phagocytosis. (pinestreetfoundation.org)
Cell viability analysis showed that TiO2 NPs induced slightly higher cytotoxicity than Fe3O4-TiO2 NPs in HL7702 cells. (cdc.gov)
BP act in the regulation of osteoclast function by decreasing bone resorption by different mechanisms, inhibiting the development of their precursor cells, increasing apoptosis rate, stimulating inhibitor factors and reducing its activity 28 . (bvsalud.org)
The nanotube bundles are similar to the potential of nanotubes to induce genetic damage size of microtubules that form the mitotic spindle in normal lung cells, cultured primary and immor- and may be incorporated into the mitotic spindle talized human airway epithelial cells were apparatus. (cdc.gov)
In other cells, apoptosis may be augmented, increasing cell death and thus worsening organ function. (msdmanuals.com)

Molecular signalling mediating the protective effect of A1 adenosine and mGlu3 metabotropic glutamate receptor activation against apoptosis by oxygen/glucose deprivation in cultured astrocytes. (unich.it)

Treatment with MTX increased CD73 expression, which leads to higher levels of extracellular adenosine. (biomedcentral.com)

Calcium entry through transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channels modulates the delicate balance between proliferation and apoptosis. (encyclopedia.pub)
therefore, the modulation of the TRPV1-enforced proliferation-apoptosis balance is a promising avenue in developing anti-cancer therapies and overcoming cancer drug resistance. (encyclopedia.pub)
Therefore, anti-cancer therapies shift the balance in the opposite direction by reducing proliferation and upregulating apoptosis. (encyclopedia.pub)
the proliferation and migration of VSMCs but favored the apoptosis of the VSMC. (fgf-4.com)
CONCLUSIONS Removes the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and induces their apoptosis by targeting FGF1. (fgf-4.com)

TMZ may ameliorate EndMT and ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis through the NOX2/NF-κB/Snail pathway. (dovepress.com)

Neuronal apoptosis is closely associated with brain damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury [ 3 - 5 ]. (einj.org)

Two major mechanisms of apoptosis are an extrinsic, death-receptor mediated mechanism, and an intrinsic, mitochondria-mediated mechanism [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for pre-mRNA editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B by site-specific deamination of adenosines. (cancerindex.org)
We BTZ043 studied the relationship between Akt activation and known initiators of IPC including adenosine receptor stimulation and the opening of mKATP channels. (researchassistantresume.com)
Adenosine A1 receptor blockade (DPCPX) A2a blockade (CSC) or the mKATP channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoic acid significantly attenuated Akt activation after IPC. (researchassistantresume.com)
We analyzed several knockout and transgenic mouse lines and found that adenosine-induced killing of mouse thymocytes requires Bim, occurs independently of "death receptor" signaling and is inhibited by Bcl-2 and Nur77. (unideb.hu)

Interfering RNA directed against Akt subtypes prevented the ameliorative effect of IPC on post-ischemic apoptosis. (researchassistantresume.com)

Adenosine deamination and the ADAR enzyme family. (biomedcentral.com)

While proliferative mechanisms are typically upregulated in cancerous tissues, shifting the balance to favor apoptosis could support anti-cancer therapies. (encyclopedia.pub)
Adenosine is generated in the microenvironment of emerging thymocytes through normal mechanisms of lymphocyte selection. (unideb.hu)
Further studies are needed to elaborate the detailed mechanisms of toxicity induced by a high dose of Fe3O4-TiO2 NPs. (cdc.gov)

Apoptosis is defined as programmed cell death, characterized by fragmentation of inter-nucleosomal DNA [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
IRE uses HVEPs to cause cell death by inducing membrane disruption, and it is primarily used as a radical ablative therapy in the treatment of soft-tissue tumors in the liver, kidney, prostate, and pancreas. (rsna.org)
In conclusion, these data suggest that cannabidiol rather than Cannabis sativa crude extracts prevent cell growth and induce cell death in cervical cancer cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)

This resistance could be in part due to the surface-induced upregulation of drug efflux pumps. (cdc.gov)

1987. Biochemical responses to induced intoxication with insecticides: 1. (cdc.gov)

Enhancement of neuronal apoptosis by increases in Bax accompanied by decreases in Bcl-2 contributes to central nervous system dysfunction [ 6 , 12 ]. (einj.org)

Another important characteristic of apoptosis is activation of caspases. (einj.org)

The Bcl-2 family of proteins, which includes the proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bak and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, is implicated in the intrinsic mechanism of apoptosis [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
In addition, the Bcl-2 family of proteins also plays a pivotal role in the regulation of apoptosis. (einj.org)

The stomach also expresses high levels of glutamine synthetase and this study aimed to investigate a possible pathophysiological role of glutamine synthetase in ammonia-induced gastric mucosal injury. (elsevierpure.com)

In a study published in 2006 in the journal Cell, researchers in France found that resveratrol protects mice against diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity. (lifeextension.com)
RAC1 Alterations Induce Acquired Dabrafenib Resistance in Association with Anaplastic Transformation in a Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patient. (mdanderson.org)

By contrast, GalT I-null sperm behave as though they are precociously capacitated, in that they demonstrate maximal binding to the zona pellucida and greatly increased sensitivity to ionophore-induced acrosome reactions without undergoing capacitation in vitro. (biologists.com)

Although the expression of MHC class I and II molecules can be upregulated by MSC exposure to inflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN- γ ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ), they are still unable to induce an immunological response [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Neutrophil apoptosis may be inhibited, enhancing the release of inflammatory mediators. (msdmanuals.com)

Gene expression was determined by real-time PCR, apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry and ELISA, and nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated by the Griess method. (biomedcentral.com)

Like Ad-sh-TGF-ß1, Ad-ADM improved LPS-induced TGF-ß1 expression. (bvsalud.org)

Nanotube exposure induces the nanotechnology industry is a multibillion dollar industry and is expected to reach a trillion dollars by 2015. (cdc.gov)

As expected, wild-type sperm must undergo capacitation in order to bind the zona pellucida and undergo a Ca 2+ ionophore-induced acrosome reaction. (biologists.com)

1996. Insecticide-induced changes in secretory activity of the thyroid gland in rats. (cdc.gov)

Finally, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) models were employed to address the anti-arthritic effects of LAP. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, the overexpression of NOX2 by lentivirus abolished the protective effects of TMZ on TGF-β-induced EndMT. (dovepress.com)

Anatomy30

Organisms13

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs151

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes42

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Triphosphate6

Deaminase4

Receptors8

Pathways5

Oxidative stress4

Intrinsic and extrinsic1

Endogenous3

Apoptotic cell1

Inflammation2

Caspase9

Inhibits2

Protein kinase2

Mitochondrial3

Inosine4

Inhibition5

AMPK1

Assay3

Diphosphate2

Cells15

Molecular1

CD731

Proliferation5

Pathway1

Ischemia1

Receptor5

Ischemic1

Deamination1

Mechanisms3

Cell death3

Upregulation1

Biochemical1

Decreases1

Activation1

Proteins2

Gastric1

Resistance2

Demonstrate1

Inflammatory2

Gene1

Expression1

Exposure1

Undergo1

Activity1

Effects2