Adenosine a2a receptor proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists are a class of drugs that blocks adenosine at the adenosine A2A receptor. (wikipedia.org)
Notable adenosine A2A receptor antagonists include caffeine, theophylline and istradefylline. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, selective A2A receptor antagonists are used in treatment of diseases such as Parkinson's disease, ischemia, and multiple sclerosis. (wikipedia.org)
Selective A2A receptor antagonists are believed to be neuroprotectors for their ability to reduce neuroinflammation. (wikipedia.org)
Selective A2A receptor antagonists have shown to be beneficial for enhancing the therapeutic effects of L-DOPA and reducing dyskinesia from long-term L-DOPA treatment. (wikipedia.org)
Trial results indicated that the viability of A2A receptor antagonists have potential advantages over the current standard treatments for Parkinson's disease. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, the A2A receptor antagonist 3-chlorostyrylcaffeine has been reported to be a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B. An inverse relationship between non-selective adenosine receptor antagonists, the consumption of caffeine and the risk of developing Parkinson's disease has been indicated from epidemiological studies. (wikipedia.org)
A2A receptor antagonists may prevent hepatic cirrhosis, and pentoxifylline may inhibit phosphodiesterase and provide renal protection. (wikipedia.org)
The A2A receptor antagonists may be used for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), because of the receptors ability to regulate neurotransmission in the basal ganglia and cortex, particularly dopaminergic and glutamatergic signaling. (wikipedia.org)
In 1992, the therapeutic potential for both agonists and antagonists of the adenosine receptors was highlighted for A2 receptors, and in 2001 the therapeutic potential for adenosine antagonists was highlighted. (wikipedia.org)
Broad reviews from 2006 have been focusing on adenosine receptors as therapeutic targets, adenosine receptor antagonists as potential therapeutics, antagonist for A2A-receptors, adenosine receptor ligands as anti-inflammatories and many more. (wikipedia.org)
Several attempts have been made by using virtual screening to identify potent A2A adenosine receptor antagonists. (wikipedia.org)
Values for the control samples were obtained without addition of receptor antagonists. (avma.org)
Some drug molecules, such as morphine, activate the receptors (agonists) while others, such as beta blockers, inactivate them (antagonists). (sciencedaily.com)
Jointly with the biopharmaceutical company Sosei-Heptares, the researchers Willem Jespers, Johan Åqvist and Hugo Gutierrez-de-Terán of Uppsala University have succeeded in showing how a series of A2A antagonists bind to the receptor and inactivate it. (sciencedaily.com)
X‐Ray Crystallography and Free Energy Calculations Reveal the Binding Mechanism of A2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists. (sciencedaily.com)
The level of cAMP correlates with the respective adenosine (agonist) level, and the cell line can be used to measure the EC50 and IC50 values of A2aR agonists or antagonists in a quantitative manner. (vegf-a.com)
This type of drug is termed an "agonist", as opposed to "antagonists" that block the action of the target protein. (rcsb.org)
Researchers have been searching for both types of drugs: agonists to activate the A 2A receptor, and antagonists to block other receptors that increase inflammation. (rcsb.org)

In recent studies, the consumption of caffeine-containing beverages and a certain non-xanthine A2A receptor antagonist appear to possibly have some protective effects from Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
DR=EC 50 with the addition of various concentrations of receptor antagonist)/EC 50 without the addition of a receptor antagonist. (avma.org)
In order to confirm the participation of the adenosine A2A receptor in the effects mediated by PDRN, 8 mg/kg 7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX), adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, was treated with PDRN. (iasp-pain.org)
In this regard, the effects of PDRN in the experimental model of ischemic colitis are abolished using DMPX, a specific adenosine A2AR antagonist. (scienceopen.com)
The receptor adopts a slightly different shape than that seen in a previous structure with an antagonist drug (PDB entry 3eml ). (rcsb.org)
Use the buttons to flip between the active agonist-bound form and the inactive antagonist-bound form and see the motion of the receptor. (rcsb.org)

Inhibition of LPS-induced neutrophil ROS production by various adenosine receptor agonists. (avma.org)
Concentration of cAMP in equine neutrophils induced by 5 adenosine A 2A receptor agonists (A) and effects of ZM241385 and MRS1706 on ATL313-induced accumulation of cAMP (B). Each point represents the mean ± SEM of 3 replicates. (avma.org)
Medications used in the treatment of insomnia include nonbenzodiazepine receptor agonists, benzodiazepine receptor agonists, the selective melatonin receptor agonist ramelteon, and sedating antidepressants. (medscape.com)
Nonbenzodiazepine receptor agonists have a nonbenzodiazepine structure and bind more specifically to the alpha-1 subunit of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA A ) receptor, which is associated with sedation. (medscape.com)
Both eszopiclone and sustained-release zolpidem are effective for both sleep-onset and sleep-maintenance insomnia, with a reduced abuse potential and long-term efficacy of up to 6 months as compared with nonselective benzodiazepine receptor agonists. (medscape.com)
Short-acting (eg, triazolam) and intermediate-acting (eg, estazolam, temazepam) benzodiazepine receptor agonists are useful for sleep-onset insomnia. (medscape.com)

It was clear that ligands of adenosine receptors and inhibitors for phosphodiesterase were targets for drug development. (wikipedia.org)
Due to the fact that there are many locks (proteins) and even more keys (ligands), computational research can provide an interesting opportunity to aid and speedup drug discovery. (universiteitleiden.nl)
Developing computational methods to relate receptors by the similarity of their ligands, rather than by protein sequence or structure. (ucsf.edu)
Since the new relationships are articulated by ligands, they may be directly tested both on isolated receptors and, increasingly, against model whole organisms, such as zebra fish, C. elegans and mice. (ucsf.edu)

The blockade of A2A receptors has potentially shown to be protective in several tumor models, through pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion. (wikipedia.org)
The stimulant properties of caffeine and various analogs were correlated with the blockade of adenosine receptors. (wikipedia.org)

Animal models of asthma, ischaemia, arthritis, sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease and wound healing have helped to elucidate the regulatory roles of the various adenosine receptors in dictating the development and progression of disease. (allaboutheaven.org)

By attempting to counteract the hypoxic condition, activation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) occurs in a cooperative fashion with hypoxia, modulating the anti-inflammatory pathway and stimulating VEGF release [3]. (scienceopen.com)
1], the authors documented a PDRN ability in increasing VEGF expression, reducing the histological damage, downregulating anti-inflammatory responses, and modulating apoptosis through the interaction with adenosine A2AR. (scienceopen.com)
Furthermore, considering the involvement of VEGF in the activation of adenosine A2AR, we believe it could be advantageous to demonstrate the effect of PDRN on neoangiogenesis and microvessel density, which may result in an augmented oxygen supply and a subsequent balance of the apoptotic mechanism [3]. (scienceopen.com)
Description: Adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR or ADORA2A) stably expressed in HEK-293 cells. (vegf-a.com)
A2aR is a member of the seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. (vegf-a.com)
The activity of A2aR is mediated by Gs protein which activates adenylyl cyclase, resulting in the synthesis of intracellular cAMP. (vegf-a.com)
Binding of extracellular adenosine ligand or its stable analog NECA (5′-(N-Ethylcarboxamido) adenosine) to the A2aR expressed on the surface of this cell line induces cAMP expression. (vegf-a.com)
Our research focuses on the effects of different oxygen tensions and immunosuppressive Gs-protein coupled A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) signaling in inflamed and cancerous tissues. (northeastern.edu)

G proteins, GPCRs and their linked signalling circuitry represent novel therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment. (nature.com)
These studies indicate that G proteins, GPCRs and their linked signalling circuitry represent novel therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment. (nature.com)
Jacobson, K. A. and Gao, Z.-G. Adenosine receptors as therapeutic targets. (rcsb.org)

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the protein target groups of the greatest importance for drug development. (sciencedaily.com)
Today, roughly 30 per cent of all drugs on the market have GPCRs as their target proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
14, 2022 Breathing, seeing, hearing -- the family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is involved in a variety of physiological processes and is also the cause of diverse diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
Recent cancer genome deep sequencing efforts have revealed an unanticipated high frequency of mutations in G proteins and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in most tumour types. (nature.com)
The most frequently mutated GPCRs include thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), Smoothened (SMO), glutamate metabotropic receptors (GRMs), members of the adhesion family of GPCRs and receptors for bioactive lipid mediators such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) that accumulate in the tumour microenvironment. (nature.com)
Aberrant expression, overexpression or signal reprogramming of GPCRs and G proteins in tumour cells can contribute to cancer development and progression. (nature.com)
Aberrant expression and activity of G proteins and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are frequently associated with tumorigenesis. (nature.com)
Applying these to G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs), which are the single largest family of signaling receptors in human cells. (ucsf.edu)

glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1. (wikigenes.org)

Adenosine targeting is an attractive new approach to cancer treatment, but no clinical study has yet examined adenosine inhibition in oncology despite the safe clinical profile of adenosine A2A receptor inhibitors (A 2A Ri) in Parkinson disease. (aacrjournals.org)

A two-state model for the diffusion of the A2A adenosine receptor in hippocampal neurons: agonist-induced switch to slow mobility is modified by synapse-associated protein 102 (SAP102). (nih.gov)
In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies have shown that Purkinje cells (PCs), the output neurons of the cerebellar cortex, are the neuron type with the highest levels of GABA B receptors (Bowery et al. (springer.com)

These observations led to the current understanding that tumor hypoxia (low oxygen) and the accumulation of extracellular adenosine represent a major immunosuppressive barrier that prevents immune-mediated tumor eradication (i.e. hypoxia-adenosinergic immunosuppression). (northeastern.edu)

Several xanthines and non-xanthines are under development as potential anti-parkinsonism agents, which are selective for A2A receptors. (wikipedia.org)
It is a selective blocker of the adenosine A2A receptor. (nethealthbook.com)
The selective nature of the drug makes it preferable to other stress agents such as adenosine, which are less selective and therefore cause more side-effects.Regadenoson has a 2 to 3 minute biological half-life. (chemspider.com)

Cerebral ischemia causes tissue death owing to occlusion of the cerebral blood vessels, and cerebral ischemia activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and induces secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. (iasp-pain.org)
For instance, a drug that binds to this receptor and activates it could be useful for the treatment of asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), two diseases where the lungs become inflamed, limiting the amount of air reaching the body. (rcsb.org)
When CBD activates A2A receptors, the non-psychoactive compound may prevent oxidative stress. (cbdclinicals.com)

The presence of heterodimeric complexes has progressed in suggesting new ways to regulate neuronal activity by targeting the A2A receptor. (wikipedia.org)
CBD is an agonist of A2A (adenosine) receptors, G-protein coupled receptors that regulate inflammatory processes (21) . (cbdclinicals.com)

[ 17 ] and a short course of a sedative-hypnotic or melatonin receptor agonist. (medscape.com)
Currently, ramelteon is the only melatonin receptor agonist approved by the FDA for treatment of insomnia and is available by prescription. (medscape.com)

Stimulation of postsynaptic GABA B receptors generally triggers inhibition of adenylate cyclase and activation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K + (GIRK/Kir3) channels, leading to cell hyperpolarisation (Kaupmann et al. (springer.com)

2017. Ryanodine receptors are part of the myospryn complex in cardiac muscle . (cardiff.ac.uk)

Adenosine A2A receptor agonist, polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), suppresses the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and exhibits anti-inflammatory effect. (iasp-pain.org)
Adenosine receptors: therapeutic aspects for inflammatory and immune diseases. (allaboutheaven.org)
Cells of the immune system express these receptors and are responsive to the modulatory effects of adenosine in an inflammatory environment. (allaboutheaven.org)
This recent heightened awareness of the role of adenosine in the control of immune and inflammatory systems has generated excitement regarding the potential use of adenosine-receptor-based therapies in the treatment of infection, autoimmunity, ischaemia and degenerative diseases. (allaboutheaven.org)
The A 2A adenosine receptor plays an important role in controlling inflammatory responses, and thus is a target for development of anti-inflammatory drugs. (rcsb.org)
Although cannabidiol has low-affinity binding for both cannabinoid receptors, CBD agonist activity at CB2 receptors may account for the compound's anti-inflammatory properties and influence on pain (11) . (cbdclinicals.com)

Here, we analysed the distribution of GABA B receptors using highly sensitive SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labelling in mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells. (springer.com)
Adenosine receptors are found on cells throughout the body, where they play many different roles. (rcsb.org)
The heterotrimeric G-protein transducin mediates visual signaling in vertebrate photoreceptor cells. (eneuro.org)
The heterotrimeric G-protein transducin mediates visual signal transduction in the outer segments of vertebrate photoreceptor cells. (eneuro.org)
Meanwhile, CB2 receptors are found predominantly in cells and tissues of the immune system. (cbdclinicals.com)

In a new study, scientists describe how they have been able to predict how special molecules that can be used in new immunotherapy against cancer bind to these receptors. (sciencedaily.com)
With molecular dynamic simulations and calculation of binding energies, it became possible to predict how molecules from the pharmaceutical company would bind to the receptors and how strongly they do so. (sciencedaily.com)
Three-dimensional structures of the complexes that form between these molecules and the receptor were then determined experimentally with X-ray crystallography. (sciencedaily.com)
This is a solid step forward, and we managed to predict with great precision how this family of molecules bind the A2A receptor. (sciencedaily.com)
Water molecules inside a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) have recently been spotlighted in a series of crystal structures. (ewha.ac.kr)
To decipher the dynamics and functional roles of internal water molecules in GPCR activity, we studied the A 2A adenosine receptor using microsecond molecular-dynamics simulations. (ewha.ac.kr)
Our study finds that the amount of water flux across the transmembrane (TM) domain varies depending on the receptor state, and that the water molecules of the TM channel in the active state flow three times more slowly than those in the inactive state. (ewha.ac.kr)
In Chapter 4 a Virtual Screen is applied with explicit water molecules on the Adenosine A2A receptor. (universiteitleiden.nl)

I am particularly interested in the effects of mutations and polymorphisms on protein function since these studies can identify underlying pathologies and potential therapies. (cardiff.ac.uk)

This gene encodes a stimulatory G protein alpha subunit which mediates odorant signaling in the olfactory epithelium. (nih.gov)
One question that has remained unanswered is whether the G-protein α-subunit can support signaling without its cognate βγ partner complex. (eneuro.org)

Linden MD, Barnard MR, Frelinger AL, Michelson AD, Przyklenk K. Effect of adenosine A2 receptor stimulation on platelet activation-aggregation: differences between canine and human models. (umassmed.edu)
Moreover, manifestation of GFP (green fluorescent proteins)-labelled COX-2 in mice by hydrodynamics-based transient transfection conferred level of resistance to Bufotalin caspase 3 activation and apoptosis induced by excitement of Fas. (researchreportone.com)

When light with a defined wavelength is directed into that area, only the receptors in the substantia nigra area receive stimulation. (nethealthbook.com)
Adenosine A2A receptor stimulation increases angiogenesis by down-regulating production of the antiangiogenic matrix protein thrombospondin 1. (umassmed.edu)

The 2.6 A Crystal Structure of a Human A2A Adenosine Receptor bound to ZM241385. (expasy.org)
The new structure fills out the story, and captures the receptor in the activated state, after it has bound to its signaling ligand. (rcsb.org)
The new structure, solved by Ray Stevens and coworkers at PSI, captures the A 2A adenosine receptor bound to an effective agonist drug (PDB entry 3qak ). (rcsb.org)
Structure of an agonist-bound human A 2A adenosine receptor. (rcsb.org)

Regadenoson is an A2A adenosine receptor agonist that is a coronary vasodilator that is commonly used in pharmacologic stress testing. (chemspider.com)

July 15, 2021 Protein design researchers have created a freely available method, RoseTTAFold, to provide access to highly accurate protein structure prediction. (sciencedaily.com)

Metabotropic GABA B receptors mediate slow inhibitory effects presynaptically and postsynaptically through the modulation of different effector signalling pathways. (springer.com)
GABA B receptors are the G protein-coupled receptors for GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and through coupling to different intracellular signal transduction mechanisms they mediate slow inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) (Bettler et al. (springer.com)
The CB1 receptors bind with THC and mediate most of the CNS effects of THC (9) . (cbdclinicals.com)

For instance, some forms enhance inflammation when they bind to adenosine, but the A 2A adenosine receptor reduces inflammation. (rcsb.org)

This makes them quite challenging as targets for drug action, since it is important to block only the desired receptor, and not the others. (rcsb.org)
Polosa, R. and Blackburn, M. R. Adenosine receptors at targets for therapeutic intervention in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (rcsb.org)

As the A2A receptor is diffusely distributed throughout the brain, the use of photosensitivity is an asset. (nethealthbook.com)
Western blot analysis of HD brain tissue shows full-length huntingtin protein in the nuclear fraction as well as abundant immunopositive bands at lower molecular weight, suggesting proteolytic products in the nucleus. (jci.org)

21593763 10.1038/NATURE10136 2 'Engineering a minimal G protein to facilitate crystallisation of G protein-coupled receptors in their active conformation. (rcsb.org)

The researchers showed that only light in the wavelength of 405 nanometers activated the investigative drug SCH442416 to inhibit A2A receptors, while other light does not. (nethealthbook.com)

Adenosine A2A and beta-adrenergic calcium transient and contractile responses in rat ventricular myocytes. (umassmed.edu)
Adenosine A1 and A2A receptor effects on G-protein cycling in beta-adrenergic stimulated ventricular membranes. (umassmed.edu)

A tail of two signals: the C terminus of the A(2A)-adenosine receptor recruits alternative signaling pathways. (nih.gov)

Furthermore, PDRN treatment enhanced the concentration of cyclic adenosine-3,5'-monophosphate (cAMP) as well as phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB). (iasp-pain.org)
Calcium binds to and regulates the small regulatory protein calmodulin that in turn binds to and regulates several hundred calmodulin binding proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Many of these proteins are linked to multiple neurodegenerative diseases indicating that calmodulin binding proteins lie at the heart of neuroinflammatory events associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
The small calcium-binding protein calmodulin (CaM) is a primary effector of calcium function and works in turn by binding to and regulating CaM-binding proteins (CaMBPs) [ 53 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The intimate role of CaMBPs in AD was recently reviewed reinforcing the role of CaM in binding to and regulating multiple key proteins adding further support for the Calmodulin Hypothesis of O'Day and Myre [ 41 , 47 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), is a member of a family of transcription factors consisting of six structurally related basic leucine-zipper DNA-binding proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. (nih.gov)
The binding of the adenovirus (Ad) protein E3-19K with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) plays an. (chemaxon.com)
Binding of adenosine shifts the structure of the receptor to the active form. (rcsb.org)
By binding to specific subunits of GABA A receptor sites, these agents appear to potentiate the effects of GABA and facilitate inhibitory GABA neurotransmission by increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening. (medscape.com)

Similar to other G protein-coupled receptors, A2A receptors form both homo- and heterodimers. (wikipedia.org)
Functional GABA B receptors are obligate heterodimers composed of GABA B1 and GABA B2 subunits, and they are implicated in a number of disorders, including cognitive impairments, nociception, anxiety, depression and epilepsy (Bettler et al. (springer.com)

The Calcium Hypothesis was thus extended as the Calmodulin Hypothesis since CaM not only binds to and regulates CaMBPs critical to learning and memory but also proteins involved in the formation of amyloid plaques and tangles, hallmarks of AD [ 41 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The receptor is composed of seven helices stacked side-by-side, and these helices slide relative to one another when the drug binds. (rcsb.org)

Aug. 23, 2022 Nearly all vital functions in the human body are regulated by so-called G protein-coupled receptors on the cell surface. (sciencedaily.com)

Contractile effects of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in isolated murine hearts. (umassmed.edu)
With proteins, small motions often have large effects. (rcsb.org)
Often, the different receptors can have opposite effects. (rcsb.org)

Thus, GABA B receptors are associated with GIRK and Ca V 2.1 channels in different subcellular compartments. (springer.com)

Adenosine A2A receptor agonist polydeoxyribonucleotide ameliorates short-term memory impairment by suppressing cerebral ischemia-induced inflammation via MAPK pathway. (iasp-pain.org)

To understand the spatial relationship of GABA B receptors with two key effector ion channels, the G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K + (GIRK/Kir3) channel and the voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel, biochemical and immunohistochemical approaches were performed. (springer.com)
Co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that GABA B receptors co-assembled with GIRK and Ca V 2.1 channels in the cerebellum. (springer.com)
These data provide a better framework for understanding the different roles played by GABA B receptors and their effector ion channels in the cerebellar network. (springer.com)

At least three common themes appear to underlie all well-studied neurodegenerative diseases: disruptive protein deposits, calcium dysregulation and neuroinflammation. (biomedcentral.com)

Subtype-specific differences in corticotropin-releasing factor receptor complexes detected by fluorescence spectroscopy. (nih.gov)

The expression of these receptors is associated with inflammation (10) . (cbdclinicals.com)

We predict this structure to be a membrane protein. (expasy.org)

These alterations may arise from cancer-specific changes in gene copy number, as well as from other genetic, epigenetic and post-translational changes resulting in higher protein expression, thereby enhancing tumour progression and metastasis. (nature.com)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of purine metabolism that leads to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) by primarily affecting lymphocyte development and function. (researchgate.net)

A new structure of the A 2A adenosine receptor reveals these motions for an important class of proteins: the G protein-coupled receptors. (rcsb.org)

I use a range of molecular biology techniques to determine the cellular function of proteins involved in the aforementioned disorders. (cardiff.ac.uk)

Adenosine is a key endogenous molecule that regulates tissue function by activating four G-protein-coupled adenosine receptors: A1, A2A, A2B and A3. (allaboutheaven.org)

through the organelle, an activity controlled from the Bcl-2 category of proteins closely. (researchreportone.com)

Anatomy17

Organisms14

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs149

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes48

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Antagonists19

Antagonist6

Agonists6

Ligands4

Blockade2

Various adenosine1

A2AR8

Therapeutic targets3

GPCRs8

Glutamate1

Inhibitors1

Neurons2

Extracellular adenosine1

Selective3

Activates3

Regulate2

Melatonin receptor agonist2

Inhibition1

Ryanodine1

Inflammatory6

Cells5

Molecules8

Mutations1

Subunit2

Activation2

Stimulation2

Bound4

Pharmacologic1

20211

Mediate3

Bind1

Targets2

Brain2

10.10381

Inhibit1

Adrenergic2

Pathways1

Binding10

Heterodimers2

Binds2

20221

Effects3

Subcellular1

Ischemia1

GABA3

Diseases1

Complexes1

Inflammation1

MEMBRANE PROTEIN1

Progression1

Deficiency1

Reveals1

Molecular Biology1

Tissue1

Activity1