NucleotidesTriphosphateNucleotideNicotinamideGuanineReceptorsMonophosphateRiboseDiPhosphateSigma-AldrichInosineDeaminase deficiencyEffects of adeninePurine nucleoside phNucleosideReceptorHypoxanthineSignaling moleculesAPRTPhosphoribosyltransferaseCharacterizationIntracellularSynthesisNucleobaseInhibitionInhibitsProteinVivoProcessesPATHWAYDerivativesAccumulationGeneResponsesEffectResultsComplexActivityCellsHuman
Nucleotides10
- To investigate the effects of renal ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on both renal hemodynamics and the renal interstitial concentrations of adenosine and adenine nucleotides induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury. (eurekamag.com)
- The renal interstitial concentrations of adenosine and adenine nucleotides in response to ischemia-reperfusion injury, either following 1-3 cycles of IPC or not, were measured simultaneously using microdialysis sampling technology. (eurekamag.com)
- Advanced renal IPC attenuated the increment of adenosine and adenine nucleotides, as well as recovery time during the 60-min reperfusion which followed the 60-min renal ischemia. (eurekamag.com)
- The renal interstitial concentrations of adenosine and adenine nucleotides increased and decreased during renal ischemia and reperfusion, respectively. (eurekamag.com)
- 3H]cAMP was degraded extracellularly into AMP and adenosine, and radioactivity accumulated in the cells as labeled adenosine and, subsequently, as adenine nucleotides including cAMP. (jci.org)
- Dietary nucleotides [inclusion adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)] supplementation was shown to promote the feed intake of sows and increase the AMP content in their milk in our previous work, but whether AMP shapes the energy expenditure and lipid metabolism in mammals remains unknown. (foodandnutritionresearch.net)
- Located predominantly in cell nuclei, it is composed of two chains of nucleotides -- deoxyribose and phosphate backbones with side chains of purine (adenine or guanine) or pyrimidine (cytosine and thymine) bases projecting inward. (nih.gov)
- Relaxant effects of nucleotides in guinea pig isolated, perfused trachea: lack of involvement of prostanoids, Cl- channels and adenosine. (cdc.gov)
- The authors conclude that relaxation is mediated by an interaction of the adenine nucleotides with P2 purinoceptors and does not involve formed adenosine, prostaglandins or chlorine ion channels. (cdc.gov)
- Serves as CC a potential regulator of concentrations of extracellular adenosine CC and intracellular adenine nucleotides. (linuxfocus.org)
Triphosphate10
- This pump is driven by the energy stored in ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate) molecules manufactured in the mitochondria. (benbest.com)
- In living things, the unit of energy is a molecule called adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. (coursehero.com)
- The conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a nucleotide consisting of the sugar ribose, the base adenine, and three phosphate groups, to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) uses water and releases energy and a phosphate ion. (coursehero.com)
- Adenine forms several biological compounds involved in a variety of cellular physiological processes such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cellular respiration and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in protein synthesis. (hindawi.com)
- The citric acid cycle - also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), or the Krebs cycle, - is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (conceptdraw.com)
- The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). (conceptdraw.com)
- By developing innovative methods to visualize energy changes in subcellular compartments in live plants, the team of Dr Boon Leong LIM, Associate Professor of the School of Biological Sciences of The University of Hong Kong, after showing how chloroplasts optimizes its energy efficiency 2 years ago, recently solved a controversial question in photosynthesis: what is the source of NADH (Reduced Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) for mitochondria to generate ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)? (hku.hk)
- ATP, or Adenosine triphosphate -- Nucleoside triphosphate composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups that is the primary carrier of chemical energy in cells. (nih.gov)
- ATP and beta-gamma-methylene-adenosine-triphosphate (APPCP) fully relaxed methacholine induced trachea. (cdc.gov)
- It involves a sequence of enzymatic reactions that break down glucose (glycolysis) into pyruvate, creating the energy sources adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). (msdmanuals.com)
Nucleotide5
- Also known as Adenine or 6-Aminopurine, it is an impurity of Tenofovir, is a nucleotide analog, and is used in the treatment of HIV infections. (veeprho.com)
- ATP is a nucleotide consisting of the sugar ribose, the base adenine, and three phosphate groups. (coursehero.com)
- Adenosine diphosphate is an adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. (adooq.com)
- A novel synergistic effect of alanosine and guanine on adenine nucleotide synthesis in mammalian cells. (mcmaster.ca)
- FAMIN enables in macrophages a purine nucleotide cycle (PNC) between adenosine and inosine monophosphate and adenylosuccinate, which consumes aspartate and releases fumarate in a manner involving fatty acid oxidation and ATP-citrate lyase activity. (bvsalud.org)
Nicotinamide3
- Adenine also forms as a component of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which are involved in metabolism. (hindawi.com)
- The RslTpt1·NAD+ binary complex reveals C-lobe contacts to adenosine ribose hydroxyls (His99, Thr101), the adenine nucleobase (Asn105, Asp112, Gly113, Met117) and the nicotinamide riboside (Ser125, Gln126, Asn163, Val165), several of which are essential for RslTpt1 activity in vivo. (nih.gov)
- Some researchers suggested that excess reducing equivalents carried by surplus NADPH (Reduced Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) can be exported to the cytosol in the form of malate, which can then enter mitochondria through the malate-OAA shuttle, and converted into OAA and NADH in the mitochondrial matrix. (hku.hk)
Guanine2
Receptors2
- Endogenous neurotransmitter at adenosine receptors. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Cardioprotective effects may relate to activation of A 1 adenosine receptors. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Monophosphate5
- The APRT enzyme helps to recycle the purine adenine to make a molecule called adenosine monophosphate (AMP). (medlineplus.gov)
- The net breakdown of ATP from glycolysis results in ADP, AMP (Adenosine MonoPhosphate), phosphate, lactate and acid accumulation (acidosis). (benbest.com)
- Mechanisms whereby extracellular adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate inhibits phosphate transport in cultured opossum kidney cells and in rat kidney. (jci.org)
- Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 3068 : Adenosine Cyclic 3',5'-Monophosphate in the Liver Fluke, fasciola hepatica. (erowid.org)
- FUNCTION: ATP dependent phosphorylation of adenosine and other CC related nucleoside analogs to monophosphate derivatives. (linuxfocus.org)
Ribose3
- Adenine is converted to adenosine with ribose. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Inside the cell, enzymes create RNA and DNA by facilitating the reaction of ribose with adenosine. (nih.gov)
- We report that FAMIN phosphorolytically cleaves adenosine into adenine and ribose-1-phosphate. (bvsalud.org)
DiPhosphate3
- The liberation of phosphate from ATP is a source of cellular energy that results in ADP (Adenosine DiPhosphate) and hydrogen ion (acid). (benbest.com)
- The molecule that remains is adenosine diphosphate, or ADP. (coursehero.com)
- Aspirin: its effect on platelet glycolysis and release of adenosine diphosphate. (mcmaster.ca)
Sigma-Aldrich1
- Gibco-BRL) and 100 μ g/mL penicillin/streptomycin at 37°C. For treatment with adenine (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), cells were initially seeded in 6-well culture plates at a density of 1 × 10 5 cells/mL in a total volume of 2 mL and cultured overnight to reach approximately 80% confluence. (hindawi.com)
Inosine1
- The enzyme deaminates adenosine(37) to inosine in eukaryotic tRNA(Ala). (expasy.org)
Deaminase deficiency1
- In adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenosine and adenine accumulate in the plasma. (medscape.com)
Effects of adenine2
- In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of adenine and the underlying mechanism in colon cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
- In this study, we investigated the effects of adenine against the proliferation of colon cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
Purine nucleoside ph3
- FAMIN and its prokaryotic orthologs additionally have adenosine deaminase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, and S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase activity, hence, combine activities of the namesake enzymes of central purine metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
- [ 1 , 2 ] One disorder is adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, which is Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) subject number 102700, and the other is purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency, which is OMIM subject number 164050. (medscape.com)
- In both adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiencies, thymocytes are thought to be selectively destroyed because of elevated levels of dATP and dGTP. (medscape.com)
Nucleoside1
- These results indicate that luminal degradation of cAMP into adenosine, followed by cellular uptake of the nucleoside by tubular cells, is a key event which accounts for the phosphaturic effect of exogenous cAMP and for the part of the phosphaturic effect of PTH which is mediated by cAMP added to the tubular lumen under the influence of the hormone. (jci.org)
Receptor6
- Renal hemodynamics responses to ischemia-reperfusion injury in mongrel dog models were determined with or without multiple brief renal ischemic preconditioning treatments, as well as the adenosine A1 receptor antagonist (KW-3902), respectively. (eurekamag.com)
- One 10-min IPC, adenosine A1 receptor antagonist (KW-3902) also shortened the recovery time of renal blood flow (RBF) and urine flow (UF), as well as mean blood pressure (BP). (eurekamag.com)
- renal adenosine A1 receptor activation during the renal ischemia-reperfusion injury is detrimental to renal function. (eurekamag.com)
- The antiplatelet and anti−inflammatory actions of adenosine appear to be mediated via the A 2 adenosine receptor. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Inhibition of LPS-induced neutrophil ROS production by various adenosine receptor agonists. (avma.org)
- Concentration of cAMP in equine neutrophils induced by 5 adenosine A 2A receptor agonists (A) and effects of ZM241385 and MRS1706 on ATL313-induced accumulation of cAMP (B). Each point represents the mean ± SEM of 3 replicates. (avma.org)
Hypoxanthine1
- and one for hypoxanthine, adenine and adenosine. (wikipedia.org)
Signaling molecules1
- Adenine is also a component of cofactors (NAD, FAD) and signaling molecules (cAMP). (sigmaaldrich.com)
APRT3
- The APRT gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT). (medlineplus.gov)
- At least 40 mutations in the APRT gene have been found to cause adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency, a condition that affects the kidneys and urinary tract. (medlineplus.gov)
- APRT gene mutations lead to a lack of functional enzyme that prevents the conversion of adenine to AMP. (medlineplus.gov)
Phosphoribosyltransferase1
- Three-dimensional structure of human adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and its relation to DHA-urolithiasis. (medlineplus.gov)
Characterization1
- RT "Cloning and characterization of cDNA for adenosine kinase from RT mammalian (Chinese hamster, mouse, human and rat) species. (linuxfocus.org)
Intracellular1
- Radioactivity accumulation was decreased by dipyridamole and by inhibitors of phosphodiesterases and ecto-5'-nucleotidase, assessing the existence of stepwise hydrolysis of extracellular cAMP and intracellular processing of taken up adenosine. (jci.org)
Synthesis1
- The inhibition of DNA synthesis was reversed by adenine, adenosine, and desoxyadenosine although synthesis appeared to proceed at a slower rate in reversals than in controls. (rupress.org)
Nucleobase1
- Adenine is a purine nucleobase. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Inhibition1
- Adenine competitively reversed DAP inhibition of cell division, giving an inhibition index of about 0.5. (rupress.org)
Inhibits3
- The effect of cAMP was reproduced by ATP, AMP, and adenosine, and was blunted by phosphodiesterase inhibitors or by dipyridamole which inhibits adenosine uptake. (jci.org)
- Our findings suggest that adenine inhibits the growth of colon cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
- However, the mechanism by which adenine inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells is sketchy. (hindawi.com)
Protein2
- The data showed that adenine activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling contributing to autophagic cell death through mTOR in both colon cancer cell lines. (hindawi.com)
- Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in anticancer property of adenine was also investigated. (hindawi.com)
Vivo1
- Adenine is essential for many in vivo and in vitro biochemical processes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Processes1
- Adenine is involved in a variety of cell biological processes and has been explored for pharmacological uses. (hindawi.com)
PATHWAY1
- Anticancer activity of adenine in colon cancer cells is attributable to the activation of apoptotic signaling and in turn the AMPK/mTOR pathway. (hindawi.com)
Derivatives1
- Adenine based derivatives elicit antiviral functionality against dsDNA viruses and are exploited for generating antiviral scaffolds. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Accumulation1
- Adenine is metabolized to is 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, which on accumulation in proximal tubules leads to the induction of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with severe anemia in rats. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Gene1
- RT "Cloning and expression of the adenosine kinase gene from rat and RT human tissues. (linuxfocus.org)
Responses2
- Adenine induced significant apoptosis in HT29 cells, whereas Caco-2 cells exhibited less apoptotic responses. (hindawi.com)
- Recent studies have shown that adenine attenuates allergic responses [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Effect1
- It is of interest to explore the inhibitory effect of adenine on the growth of colorectal cancer cells and to determine the underlying mechanism. (hindawi.com)
Results1
- Our results, taken together, indicate that astrocyte-derived ATP may be hydrolyzed into adenosine by TNAP, which may in turn act on VLPO neurons to promote sleep. (jneurosci.org)
Complex1
Activity3
- Adenine has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory activity in different experimental settings [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- We explored the possible mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of adenine in colorectal cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
- In the presence of O.i mM 5HT, AC activity in the fluke particles was inhibited by 0.5 mcM LSD, and LSD also antagonized the 5HT stimulated increase in cyclic AMP levels, Adenine, adenosine, histamine (Calbiochem), adrenaline (Mann), tryptophan, dopamine, GTP (Sigma - Chem. (erowid.org)
Cells3
- Adenine significantly inhibited the viability of colon cancer cells, HT29 and Caco-2 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. (hindawi.com)
- Adenine improves the survival of rat Purkinje cells and enhances the storage of erythrocyte in whole blood [ 6 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Adenine has been suggested to induce cell cycle arrest in cancer cells, leading to cell death [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Human2
- RT "Cloning of human adenosine kinase cDNA: sequence similarity to RT microbial ribokinases and fructokinases. (linuxfocus.org)
- RT "Structure of human adenosine kinase at 1.5-A resolution. (linuxfocus.org)