Fasciola hepatica were collected from fresh beef livers and particulate fractions of whole flukes, 'tails' or 'heads' (anterior ends) assayed for adenylate cyclase (AC) activity and cyclic AMP concentration using a protein binding assay. (erowid.org)
The homothallic fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe undergoes sexual differentiation when starved, but sam (skips the requirement of starvation for mating) mutants such as those carrying mutations in adenylate cyclase (cyr1) or protein kinase A (pka1) mate without starvation. (bvsalud.org)
Within certain cells the enzyme adenylate cyclase makes cAMP from ATP, and typically this reaction is regulated by hormones such as adrenaline or glucagon. (drrestivo.com)
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is expressed at a high level in the fetal pituitary and decreases profoundly between embryonic day 19 and postnatal day 1 (PN1) with a further decrease from PN1 to PN4. (cancer-pictures.org)
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) was isolated from sheep hypothalamic components based on its activation of cAMP production by cultured rat pituitary cells (1). (cancer-pictures.org)
Cytokines bind to their receptors, activating signal transduction pathways such as adenylate cyclase/cAMP, phospholipase C/inositol trisphosphate, and Ca 2+ and tyrosine kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Adenylate Cyclase 5 (ADCY5) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (therabio.org)
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Adenylate Cyclase 5 from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (therabio.org)
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Adenylate cyclase type 5(ADCY5) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (therabio.org)
Protein14
Protein kinase activity was 2-5 times greater in the 'head' than in the posterior end of the fluke and in both particulate and supernatant fractions half-maximal activation was obtained at 0.1-0.4 mcM cyclic AMP. (erowid.org)
Incubation of fluke heads for 5 min with 1 mM 5HT increased protein kinase activity of both fractions in the absence of added cyclic AMP, but with 5 mcM cyclic AMP protein kinase activity was increased inthe particulate and decreased in the super-natant fraction. (erowid.org)
Additionally in comparison with trials with out temperature remedy, effects of compression proportion healing had been lowered simply by 80%.Calcium/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM)-dependent necessary protein kinase II (CaMKII) partners raises throughout mobile Ca2+ to simple reactions in excitable cellular material. (inhibitorlibrary.com)
As a cellular energy sensor, AMP - activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) is activated in response to a variety of conditions that deplete cellular energy levels, such as nutrient starvation (especially glucose), hypoxia and exposure to toxins that inhibit the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex. (drrestivo.com)
The AMP -activated protein kinase is a sensor of cellular energy status that is found in all eukaryotic cells. (drrestivo.com)
AMP -activated protein kinase (AMPK) has emerged as a key regulator of skeletal muscle fat metabolism . (drrestivo.com)
Gupta DD, Saha S, Chakrabarti MK (2005) Involvement of protein kinase C in the mechanism of action of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) in a human colonic carcinoma cell line, COLO-205. (springer.com)
however, recent investigations have shown that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-independent pathways can explain some of metformin's beneficial metabolic effects as well as undesirable side-effects. (cyberleninka.org)
AMPK is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase composed of a catalytic a subunit and two regulatory p and y subunits, and is activated by an increased AMP : adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio in metabolic stress conditions, such as hypoxia or glucose depriva-tion5. (cyberleninka.org)
AMP molecules can then bind to the y subunit of AMPK and activate AMPK activity directly or by inhibiting dephosphorylation of AMPK phosphorylated by liver kinase B1 (LKB1) or calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-ß (CAMKKß)10. (cyberleninka.org)
Decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and increased adenosine monophosphate (AMP) content by metformin as a result of decreased mitochondrial complex activity contributes to adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. (cyberleninka.org)
In addition, the increase in the nNOS translocation by ATP was blocked by NMDA receptor antagonists and inhibitors of protein kinase A, protein kinase C, and Src kinase. (biomedcentral.com)
ATP is involved in nNOS translocation mediated by protein kinase C via activation of P2X and P2Y receptors and nNOS translocation may be an action mechanism of ATP in nocieptive processing in the spinal cord. (biomedcentral.com)
Adenylate kinases regulate the adenine and guanine nucleotide compositions within a cell by catalyzing the reversible transfer of phosphate group among these nucleotides. (origene.com)
Fliegert R, Heeren J, Koch-Nolte F, Nikolaev VO, Lohr C, Meier C, Guse AH (2019) Adenine nucleotides as paracrine mediators and intracellular second messengers in immunity and inflammation. (sfb1328.de)
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a dinucleotide since it consists of two nucleotides joined by a pair of bridging phosphate groups. (wikidoc.org)
The nucleotides consist of ribose rings, one with adenine attached to the first carbon atom (the 1' position) and the other with nicotinamide at this position. (wikidoc.org)
Adenine and uridine nucleotides are present in tissues and released from all different types of cells in the nervous system as well as from damaged tissues in the periphery under pathophysiological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Adenosine2
In the presence of O.i mM 5HT, AC activity in the fluke particles was inhibited by 0.5 mcM LSD, and LSD also antagonized the 5HT stimulated increase in cyclic AMP levels, Adenine, adenosine, histamine (Calbiochem), adrenaline (Mann), tryptophan, dopamine, GTP (Sigma - Chem. (erowid.org)
Our findings, based on combined liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses, show that thermoinduction caused a strong increase of extracellular N6-(D2-isopentenyl)adenine (iP), N6-(D2-isopentenyl)adenosine (iPR), cis-zeatin (cZ), cis-zeatin riboside (cZR) and its O-glucoside cZROG in oveST25. (cas.cz)
Enzyme11
The role of the C8-H of ATP in the binding and/or phosphoryl transfer on the enzyme activity of a number of kinase and synthetase enzymes has been elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)
The intrinsic catalysis rate mediated by each kinase enzyme is complex, yielding apparent K M values ranging from less than 0.4 μM to more than 1 mM for ATP in the various kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
We have demonstrated the mechanism by which the enzyme activities of Group 2 kinases, shikimate kinase (SK) and adenylate kinase 1 (AK1), are controlled by the C8-H of ATP. (biomedcentral.com)
The lability of the C8-H mediated by active site residues co-ordinated to the purine ring of ATP therefore plays a significant role in explaining the broad K M range associated with kinase steady state enzyme activities. (biomedcentral.com)
A new subfamily of short bacterial adenylate kinases with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis enzyme as a model: a predictive and experimental study. (rhea-db.org)
A sequence comparison with 52 different forms of adenylate kinases (AK) suggests that the enzyme from M. tuberculosis belongs to a new subfamily of 'short' bacterial AKs. (rhea-db.org)
The enzyme is structurally homologous to the NTP-binding kinase family of proteins but forms a solvent-accessible channel that binds to the donor substrate DMAPP, which is directed toward the acceptor substrate ATP/ADP. (tmu.edu.tw)
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk) is an important enzyme that generates nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) or their deoxy derivatives by terminal phosphotransfer from an NTP such as ATP or GTP to any nucleoside diphosphate or its deoxy derivative. (embl.de)
Our findings show that RNF213 represents an undescribed type of a transthiolation E3 enzyme and is regulated by adenine nucleotide concentration via its ATPase core, possibly allowing it to react to changing metabolic conditions in the cell. (biorxiv.org)
Complex I (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-ubiquinone reductase) is a complex enzyme system located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. (karger.com)
Nucleoside diphosphate kin1
Also displays broad nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity. (enquirebio.com)
Shikimate kinase2
Using a combination of ATP deuterated at the C8 position (C8D-ATP) as a molecular probe with site directed mutagenesis (SDM) of conserved amino acid residues in shikimate kinase and adenylate kinase active sites, we have elucidated a mechanism by which the ATP C8-H is induced to be labile in the broader kinase family. (biomedcentral.com)
These oligomeric proteins exhibit nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) activity that catalyzes nonsubstrate specific conversions of nucleoside diphosphates to nucleoside triphosphates. (embl.de)
Creatine kinase1
Expression of nucleoside diphosphate kinase, mitochondria-associated adenylate kinase, and several mitochondria-associated creatine kinase isozymes was highest in the outer retina, whereas expression of cytosolic adenylate kinase and brain creatine kinase was higher in the cones, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells indicating the diversity of ATP-buffering strategies among retinal neurons. (molvis.org)
Guanine1
Genetic mapping and whole-genome sequencing showed that the sam3 mutation comprises a change in nucleotide at position 959 from guanine to adenine, which switches the amino acid at position 185 from glutamic acid to lysine (E185K). (bvsalud.org)
Mitochondrial1
The inhibition of mitochondrial complex activity by metformin might be a mechanism of metformin-induced AMPK activation9, as intracellular ATP levels are decreased by the inhibition of mitochondrial complex activity and AMP levels are increased by the action of adenylate kinase converting two molecules of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to ATP and AMP (Figure 1). (cyberleninka.org)
Nucleotide composition1
Differences in expression profiles, substrate specificities, kinetic properties and subcellular localization among the AK (adenylate kinase) isoenzymes have been shown to be important for maintaining a proper adenine nucleotide composition for many different cell functions. (rhea-db.org)
Metabolism1
Plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis and in adenine nucleotide metabolism. (enquirebio.com)
Nicotinamide2
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide , abbreviated NAD + , is a coenzyme found in all living cells . (wikidoc.org)
It has been demonstrated that the adenyl moiety of ATP plays a direct role in the regulation of ATP binding and/or phosphoryl transfer within a range of kinase and synthetase enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases ( EC 2.7.4.6 ) (NDK) are enzymes required for the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates (NTP) other than ATP. (embl.de)
IC1 has a unique primary structure, the N-terminal part is homologous to the sequence of thioredoxin, the middle part consists of three repetitive sequences homologous to the sequence of nucleoside diphosphate kinase, and the C-terminal part contains a high proportion of negatively charged glutamic acid residues. (embl.de)
Bacterial1
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase: role in bacterial growth, virulence, cell signalling and polysaccharide synthesis. (embl.de)
Phosphate1
Cellular ATP is buffered by specialized equilibrium-driven high-energy phosphate (~P) transferring kinases. (molvis.org)
Amino acid1
These mechanisms were developed using structurally conserved amino acid residues within hydrogen-bonding distance of a nucleotide in the active sites of crystallised kinases of a particular mechanistic class. (biomedcentral.com)
Suggests1
This suggests that MGCs utilize TCA cycle anaplerosis and cataplerosis to generate GTP and ~P transferring kinases to produce ATP that supports MGC energy requirements. (molvis.org)
Sequence2
A DNA sequence encoding the Homo sapiens (Human) AK1 / Adenylate kinase 1, was expressed in the hosts and tags indicated. (enquirebio.com)
The evidence that the tRNA-mediated pathway might be mainly responsible for biosynthesis of isoprenoid cytokinins in Physcomitrella is strongly supported by the recent release of the Physcomitrella genomic sequence where only tRNA-IPTs but no adenylate- IPTs are present. (cas.cz)
The characterization of human adenylate kinases 7 and 8 demonstrates differences in kinetic parameters and structural organization among the family of adenylate kinaseisoenzymes. (rhea-db.org)
Mechanism1
All the kinase mechanistic classes were clustered into two proposed mechanisms depending on how the C8-H is induced to be labile, namely by either the co-ordination of a backbone carbonyl to C6-NH 2 of the adenyl moiety (a "push" mechanism), or based on the protonation of N7 of the adenyl moiety (a "pull" mechanism). (biomedcentral.com)
ELISA1
Hier sind Adenylate Kinase 5 Antikörper zu finden, welche für eine bestimmte Anwendung wie WB, ELISA, IHC, IF validiert wurde. (antikoerper-online.de)
Exhibit1
The combined results indicate that glycolysis is regulated by the compartmental expression of hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase M1, and pyruvate kinase M2 in photoreceptors, whereas the inner retinal neurons exhibit a lower capacity for glycolysis and aerobic glycolysis. (molvis.org)
Energy1
The similar adenylate profiles for these two developmental states indicate the atypical energy status is not a specific feature of diapause. (biologists.com)
Important1
Cytokinins are important plant hormones, and their biosynthesis most begins with the transfer of isopentenyl group from dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) to the N6-amino group of adenine by either adenylate isopentenyltransferase (AIPT) or tRNA-IPT. (tmu.edu.tw)
Member1
This member is related to the UMP/CMP kinase of several species. (antikoerper-online.de)