Adaptor protein complex 4. Medical search. Frequent questions

AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP2A1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes the alpha 1 adaptin subunit of the adaptor protein 2 (AP2 adaptors) complex found in clathrin coated vesicles. (wikipedia.org)
HPS-2 is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the beta-3A subunit of the heterotetrameric AP3 complex ( AP3BA ), which assists in the vesicle formation from the trans-Golgi network or late endosome. (medscape.com)
All these motifs are believed to bind to the sigma subunit of activated adaptin complexes (AP-1, AP-2 and AP-3). (eu.org)
They serve to initiate clathrin-mediated endocytosis or protein sorting and can work synergistically with the adaptin mu subunit binding YxxPhi-type motifs ( TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 ). (eu.org)
shieldin complex subunit 2 [Source. (gsea-msigdb.org)
PI(3)P is produced by catalytic subunit hVps34 of Beclin 1 complex and required for recruitment of downstream autophagic components(e.g. (fn-test.com)
HPS-2 is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the beta-3A subunit of the heterotetrameric AP3 complex (ADTB3A), which resides on chromosome 5. (medscape.com)
Strumpellin/Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and SCAR homologue (WASH) complex subunit 5 (WASHC5) is a core component of the WASH complex, and its mutations confer pathogenicity for hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) type SPG8, a rare neurodegenerative gait disorder. (bvsalud.org)

The impaired function of specific organelles indicates that the causative genes encode protein complexes that regulate vesicle trafficking in the endolysosomal system including AP-3, BLOC-1, BLOC-2, and BLOC-3. (medscape.com)
Controls the plasma membrane pool of PtdIns(4,5)P2 implicated in synaptic vesicle endocytosis and exocytosis. (gliome.org)

Activates at least 4 major downstream signaling cascades including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, PLCgamma-PKC and STATs modules. (joplink.net)
ULK1/2 kinase complex (e.g. (fn-test.com)
ULK1/2 kinase complex may play a role in the extension of phagocyte. (fn-test.com)
SOCS3 binds specific receptor-JAK complexes to control cytokine signaling by direct kinase inhibition. (edu.au)
Phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase III beta and oxysterol-binding protein accumulate unesterified cholesterol on poliovirus-induced membrane structure. (microbiologyresearch.org)
In addition, they play important roles in gene transcription (via activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways and, in higher eukaryotes, the transcription factor NFκB), generation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and cell-cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)

and regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation. (nih.gov)
Gadkin negatively regulates cell spreading and motility via sequestration of the actin-nucleating ARP2/3 complex. (nih.gov)
Promotes particle attachment by generating the pool of PtdIns(4,5)P2 that induces controlled actin depolymerization to facilitate Fc-gamma-R clustering. (gliome.org)
By regulating filamentous actin, Cdc42 and Rac exert a profound effect on cell shape, polarity, migration, cell:cell and cell:matrix adhesion, protein traffic, and cytokinesis. (biomedcentral.com)
and proteins that interact with members of the Arp2/3 complex and hence the actin cytoskeleton (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
WASH complex activates actin-related protein-2/3-mediated actin polymerization and plays a pivotal role in intracellular membrane trafficking in endosomes. (bvsalud.org)

Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that regulate the activity of caspase-1 and can be activated by various cellular dangers that trigger the processing and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines to engage innate immunity ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
He rose through the ranks to his current position as Head of the Section on Intracellular Protein Trafficking, NICHD, NIH. (nih.gov)

Methods and results This report describes an autosomal recessive form of spastic tetraplegic cerebral palsy with profound intellectual disability, microcephaly, epilepsy and white matter loss in a consanguineous family resulting from a homozygous deletion involving AP4E1 , one of the four subunits of the adaptor protein complex-4 (AP-4), identified by chromosomal microarray analysis. (bmj.com)
Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with AP4E1 were listed below. (creativebiomart.net)
Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by AP4E1 itself. (creativebiomart.net)
We selected most functions AP4E1 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with AP4E1. (creativebiomart.net)
AP4E1 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. (creativebiomart.net)
We selected proteins and molecules interacted with AP4E1 here. (creativebiomart.net)

An adaptor protein complex involved in transport of molecules between the TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK and the endosomal-lysosomal system. (uams.edu)
15 The dynamic addition and removal of O-GlcNAc has been described for multiple cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins and it affects the function of various signaling molecules and transcription factors. (nature.com)
Cks proteins are adapter molecules that coordinate the assembly of multiprotein complexes. (ens-lyon.fr)

Endocytosis and/or vesicular sorting signals for membrane proteins. (eu.org)
AP2 is chiefly involved in endocytosis of cell surface proteins and their trafficking to early or late endosomes. (eu.org)
Plays a role in endocytosis mediated by clathrin and AP-2 (adaptor protein complex 2). (gliome.org)

Cytokine binding to the cell surface leads to phosphorylation of the receptor complex by receptor associated Janus kinases (JAKs) at tyrosine residues. (nature.com)
Regulation of Janus kinases by SOCS proteins. (edu.au)
In infected cells, type III phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4KIIIs) generate elevated levels of PI4P, which is then exchanged for cholesterol at replication organelles. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Design of drug-resistant alleles of type-III phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases using mutagenesis and molecular modeling. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The majority of PtdIns(4,5)P2 is thought to occur via type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases given the abundance of PtdIns4P. (gliome.org)
This motif is found in Cdc42/Rac-associated proteins such as the protein kinases Pak, MRCK and Ack, the adaptor proteins Spec and WASP, and, in degenerate form, in the kinases MLK, Mekk4, adaptor Par6, scaffold protein IRSp53, and the Borg proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

ED1 , encoding a ligand-ectodysplasinA-A1 (EDA-A1), EDAR , coding for ectodysplasinA-A1 receptor, EDARADD , programming the structure of EDAR-associated death domain protein and NEMO whose protein product, NFκB essential modulator (NEMO), is necessary for an indirect activation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB). (springer.com)
The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. (joplink.net)
Also directly phosphorylates other proteins like RGS16, activating its GTPase activity and probably coupling the EGF receptor signaling to the G protein-coupled receptor signaling. (joplink.net)
The chemotaxis system in prokaryotes is composed of membrane-embedded receptor proteins that, upon signal reception, trigger a cascade resulting in the phosphorylation of a protein termed CheY. (esrf.fr)
G protein-coupled receptor 155 [So. (gsea-msigdb.org)
We are studying this signalling system both from the outside (cytokine:receptor interactions) and the inside (JAK and proteins that regulate JAK function) of the cell. (edu.au)
The adaptor molecule FADD recruits Caspase-8 to the activated receptor. (lu.se)

Adaptin-binding acidic dileucine motifs and variants thereof occur almost exclusively on the cytosolic side of membrane proteins, mostly integral (transmembrane) proteins. (eu.org)
We investigate the molecular mechanisms by which transmembrane proteins (referred to as cargo) are sorted to different compartments of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells. (nih.gov)

In contrast to the flagellum, where CheY-P directly binds to the switch complex at the cytoplasmic face, an adaptor protein termed CheF has been identified to be present in all motile archaea [5] . (esrf.fr)
Taken together, this study delivers the mechanistic basis of how CheY-P binds to the adaptor protein CheF and suggests a model of how rotational switching of the archaellum might be achieved. (esrf.fr)
LC3-II binds with substrates to perform autophagic degradation by different adaptor proteins. (fn-test.com)
During mitochondrial autophagy, LC3-II binds with mitochondrion by BNIP3L adaptor protein. (fn-test.com)
The encoded protein is localized to the plasma membrane where it specifically binds phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate. (utsouthwestern.edu)

OGT transfers O-GlcNAc moieties from UDP-GlcNAc to serine and threonine residues of proteins and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyzes the opposite reaction to remove O-GlcNAc. (nature.com)
5 ns) molecular dynamics simulations indicate that residues of Cks1 that form the binding site for phosphorylated ligands are considerably more flexible in the free form of Cks1 than they are in the Cdk2-Cks1 complex. (ens-lyon.fr)

This process has an effect on protein stability, subcellular localization and interaction with other proteins. (fn-test.com)

The complex is part of the protein coat on the cytoplasmic face of coated vesicles which links clathrin to receptors in vesicles. (wikipedia.org)
The phosphorylation of CheY leads to small conformational changes within the protein that increase its affinity towards a switch complex on the cytoplasmic face of the flagellum. (esrf.fr)

These proteins are involved in signal transduction from ectoderm to mesenchyme during development of the fetus and are indispensable for the differentiation of ectoderm-derived structures such as eccrine sweat glands, teeth, hair, skin, and/or nails. (springer.com)
Within the last 10 years significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of HED and this is mainly due to the discovery of unknown proteins and the elucidation of their function in signal transduction via the TNFα-related pathway. (springer.com)

Depending on organism, cell type as well as the nature of the adaptin complex bound, they can target either to cell surface or to specific, internal membrane-bound organelles (endosomes, lysosomes, melanosomes, synaptic vesicles, etc. (eu.org)
Since the early 1990s, Dr. Bonifacino's group has conducted research on signals and adaptor proteins that mediate protein sorting to endosomes and lysosomes. (nih.gov)
The impaired function of specific organelles indicates that the causative genes encode proteins operative in the formation of lysosomes and vesicles. (medscape.com)

The AP-2 complex is a heterotetramer consisting of two large adaptins (alpha or beta), a medium adaptin (mu), and a small adaptin (sigma). (wikipedia.org)

Sigma subunits of AP complexes differ slightly in their surface charge densities and binding groove geometry, allowing for both generic and selective interactions with protein partners. (eu.org)
The adaptor protein chaperone AAGAB stabilizes AP-4 complex subunits. (nih.gov)

Ubiquitin is the highly conserved small molecule globular protein found in cytoplasm, nucleus and eukaryotic cell. (fn-test.com)

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Common themes to emerge from studies of picornavirus replication are the need for cholesterol and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P). (microbiologyresearch.org)
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) to form phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2). (gliome.org)
PtdIns(4,5)P2 is involved in a variety of cellular processes and is the substrate to form phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3), another second messenger. (gliome.org)

In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)

The first subfamily of proteins (c-Rel, RelB, p65/RelA) contains a C-terminal transactivation domain. (oncotarget.com)
The second subfamily of proteins (p105 and p100) has a C-terminal region that contains multiple copies of ankyrin repeats, instead of a transactivation domain, and can bind to and inhibit Rel proteins. (oncotarget.com)

Aruffo A, Melnick MB, Linsley PS, Seed B. The lymphocyte glycoprotein CD6 contains a repeated domain structure characteristic of a new family of cell surface and secreted proteins. (hcdm.org)
Structural and functional analysis of target recognition by the lymphocyte adaptor protein LNK. (edu.au)

In fungi and plants, dileucine motifs are often responsible for the vacuolar or tonoplast localization of proteins carrying these motifs. (eu.org)

Genetic association study of adaptor protein complex 4 with cerebral palsy in a Han Chinese population. (cdc.gov)

The TLR adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor88 (MyD88) is fundamental in regulating acute inflammatory responses to organic dust extract (ODE), yet its role in repetitive exposures is unknown and could inform future strategies. (cdc.gov)

The NLRP3 inflammasome consists of the NLRP3 scaffold, the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) (ASC) adaptor and caspase-1 ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

PI3K is associated with BECN1/ATG6 to construct the PI3K type III complex, contributing to activation of autophagy ( Abeliovich and Klionsky, 2001 ). (frontiersin.org)
ULK1, ULK2, ATG13 and RB1CC1) is required for autophagy initiation as well, and also positively regulates Beclin 1 complex by promoting the release of Beclin 1 complex from microtubules. (fn-test.com)

Expression of ODE-induced tight junction protein(s) was also MyD88-dependent. (cdc.gov)
These findings demonstrate the complex role of MyD88-dependent signaling during acute vs. chronic organic dust exposures. (cdc.gov)

Four such genes, HPS1, ADTB3A, HPS3, and HPS4, are associated with the 4 known subtypes of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1 (HPS-1), Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2 (HPS-2), Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 3 (HPS-3), and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 4 (HPS-4). (medscape.com)
Recent advances in understanding the molecular events underlying hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) caused by mutations of the genes encoding proteins of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-related signaling pathway have been presented. (springer.com)
Novel data were reviewed and discussed on the structure and functions of the components of TNFα-related signaling pathway, the consequences of mutations of the genes encoding these proteins, and the prospect for further investigations, which might elucidate the origin of HED. (springer.com)
Mutations of these genes are responsible for systemic tooth agenesis, in addition to the defects of other ectodermal structures, and this review is limited to description of the function of their protein products. (springer.com)

Although dozens of proteins act downstream of these GTPases, a comparison of effector proteins from evolutionarily diverse organisms suggests that six groups of proteins serve as the core machinery for signaling from Cdc42 and Rac. (biomedcentral.com)

Widely used RNA-seq methods start with adapter ligation and cDNA synthesis of biological RNA samples followed by PCR amplification to generate sequencing libraries1. (cdc.gov)
Significant obstacles for the sequencing of tRNA include the presence of numerous post-transcriptional modifications and its stable and extensive secondary structure, which interfere with cDNA synthesis and adapter ligation. (cdc.gov)

This gene encodes a pleckstrin homology domain-containing adapter protein. (utsouthwestern.edu)

The latter dileucine motifs were implicated in membrane protein sorting to vacuoles or tonoplasts. (eu.org)
CONTINUOUS VASCULAR RING (COV1) is a trans-Golgi network-localized membrane protein required for Golgi morphology and vacuolar protein sorting. (bio-protocol.org)

This interaction of phosphorylated CheY (CheY-P) with the switch complex ultimately leads to a change in the rotational direction of the flagellum. (esrf.fr)
Hem CD, Ekornhol M, Granum S, Sundvold-Gjerstad V, Spurkland A. CD6 and Linker of Activated T Cells are Potential Interaction Partners for T Cell-Specific Adaptor Protein. (hcdm.org)

We apply knowledge gained from this research to the elucidation of protein trafficking diseases including neurodevelopmental disorders. (nih.gov)
His group discovered new sorting signals and adaptor proteins, and applied this knowledge to the elucidation of the causes of various human diseases including the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2 and hereditary spastic paraplegias. (nih.gov)

Work in our laboratory focuses on the molecular machineries that mediate these processes, including (1) sorting signals and adaptor proteins that select cargo proteins for packaging into the transport carriers, (2) microtubule motors that drive movement of the transport carriers and other organelles through the cytoplasm, and (3) tethering factors that promote fusion of the transport carriers to acceptor compartments. (nih.gov)

Home / Teams / Structure and Interactions of Molecular Biosystems - M. Spichty / Publications / Role of conformational heterogeneity in domain swapping and adapter function of the Cks proteins. (ens-lyon.fr)

centrosomal protein 68 [Source:HGN. (gsea-msigdb.org)
centrosomal protein 43 [Source:HGN. (gsea-msigdb.org)

The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network of filamentous proteins that enables the active transport of cellular cargo, transduces force, and when assembled into higher-order structures, forms the basis for motile cellular structures that promote cell movement. (mechanobio.info)

The Kershaw Lab combines structural biology (X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM) with detailed mechanistic biochemistry and protein chemistry to study these processes, with the view that a detailed mechanistic understanding of protein function will reveal new opportunities for drug design. (edu.au)
Role of conformational heterogeneity in domain swapping and adapter function of the Cks proteins. (ens-lyon.fr)
We propose that the dynamic properties of the beta-sheet and its modification upon ligand binding underlie the domain swapping ability and the adapter function of Cks proteins. (ens-lyon.fr)
The analysis of Cdc42 and Rac function in evolutionarily distant organisms is useful as a tool to uncover the basic activities of these proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
This activity is strongly conserved and probably represents a primordial function of these proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

trans-golgi network protein 2 [Sou. (gsea-msigdb.org)
The Adaptor Complex AP-4 Regulates Vacuolar Protein Sorting at the trans-Golgi Network by Interacting with VACUOLAR SORTING RECEPTOR1. (bio-protocol.org)

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that activates cysteine protease caspase-1, which leads to the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL)-1β and IL-18 ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

HPS3 is a biogenesis of the lysosome-related organelles complex (BLOC)-2 component. (medscape.com)
Macroautophagy is the catabolic process where cells degrade long lived proteins, organelles and some bacteria by the lysosome. (fn-test.com)
Picornaviruses form replication complexes in association with membranes in structures called replication organelles. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) have recently been identified as innate immune receptors that play a pivotal role in initiating the inflammatory response ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
BEACH-domain proteins act together in a cascade to mediate vacuolar protein trafficking and disease resistance in Arabidopsis . (bio-protocol.org)
This family of proteins comprises two subfamilies that share a DNA-binding and dimerization domain called the Rel homology domain (RHD) [ 4 ] and form homo- or hetero- dimers. (oncotarget.com)
Many, but not all, of these effectors contain a conserved 18 amino-acid binding motif that has been termed CRIB (Cdc42-Rac interactive binding), PBD (p21-binding domain) or GBD (GTPase-binding domain) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This protein may be involved in the formation of signaling complexes in the plasma membrane. (utsouthwestern.edu)

tumor protein D52 [Source:HGNC Sym. (gsea-msigdb.org)

SLP-76 7 , T cell-specific adaptor protein 8 , TCR/CD3 complex 9 and Syntenin-1. (hcdm.org)
Plant Cell Physiol 55(4): 764-772. (bio-protocol.org)
The protrusions of the cell edge are shown as green arrows corresponding to points of adhesion maturation (panels 3 and 4). (mechanobio.info)
Panel 4 shows sliding of adhesion and hence slight retraction of the respective section of the cell edge compared to panel 3. (mechanobio.info)

[ 6 ] Cells deficient in the HPS5 protein maintain early-stage melanosome formation and Pmel-17 trafficking. (medscape.com)
18 Both enzymes, OGT and OGA as well as multiple O-GlcNAcylated proteins are enriched at sites of active transcription in human cells. (nature.com)
Purified GST fusion proteins of the N and C termini of Na v 1.3 pull down contactin from lysates of transfected HEK 293 cells. (jneurosci.org)
IκBζ, an atypical member of the nuclear IκB family of proteins, is expressed at low levels in most resting cells, but is induced upon stimulation of Toll-like/IL-1 receptors through an IRAK1/IRAK4/NFκB-dependent pathway. (oncotarget.com)
In mammalian cells, as many as twenty types of protein have been reported to bind to activated Cdc42 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
An attractive method to enhance the safety and efficiency of drug treatment in cancer is to supplement conventional administration methods with targeted drug delivery strategies in order to enhance drug uptake within tumour tissues while limiting their action within healthy cells [ 3 , 4 ]. (plos.org)

Elucidate the structure, dynamics and functions of intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions (IDPs/IDRs) and their biological regulation by Post-translational modifications. (upstate.edu)

An AP4B1 frameshift mutation in siblings with intellectual disability and spastic tetraplegia further delineates the AP-4 deficiency syndrome. (creativebiomart.net)

heat shock protein family A (Hsp70. (gsea-msigdb.org)
DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hs. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Oxysterol-binding protein family I is the target of minor enviroxime-like compounds. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Binding of the ligand common to all Cks proteins, Cdk2, suppressed the conformational heterogeneity. (ens-lyon.fr)

Adaptor-related protein complex 2, alpha 1 has been shown to interact with DPYSL2 and NUMB. (wikipedia.org)
4 It can also interact with CD5 in cis. (hcdm.org)

Anatomy31

Organisms9

Chemicals and Drugs133

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes48

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Subunit9

Vesicle2

Kinase6

Actin6

Intracellular2

AP4E16

Molecules3

Endocytosis3

Kinases6

Receptor7

Transmembrane proteins2

Binds5

Residues2

Subcellular localization1

Cytoplasmic face2

Signal transduction2

Lysosomes3

Adaptins1

Subunits2

Molecule1

Phosphatidylinositol4

Pathways1

Subfamily2

Lymphocyte2

Localization1

Cerebral palsy1

Myeloid1

Scaffold1

Autophagy2

MyD882

Genes4

Downstream1

CDNA2

Gene encodes1

Membrane protein2

Interaction2

Elucidation2

Signals1

Molecular1

Centrosomal protein2

Cargo1

Function5

TRANS-GOLGI N2

Activates1

Organelles3

Domain4

Plasma membrane1

Tumor1

Cell4

Cells6

Regulation1

Mutation1

Family3

Conformational1

Interact2