Adaptive vivo nk cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
For example, mice genetically deficient for adaptive immunity displayed accelerated bone healing. (hindawi.com)
BS-Z15 secondary metabolites were shown to enhance innate and adaptive immune function in mice, laying a theoretical foundation for its development and application in the field of immunity. (biomedcentral.com)
Exploring basic molecular mechanisms governing NK cell-mediated immunity can inform cell-based treatment strategies against virus infection or cancer. (mun.ca)
Understanding basic molecular mechanisms governing NK cell-mediated immunity will inform new strategies to optimize our immune system capacities. (mun.ca)
Conclusions XmAb bispecific NKEs engineered to engage innate and adaptive immunity show encouraging tumor cell killing activity and synergistic cytotoxicity in combination with proinflammatory cytokines. (bmj.com)
Thus, the extent to which NK cell responses benefit the host goes beyond their direct antiviral effects and extends to the prevention of innate cytokine shock and to the promotion of adaptive immunity. (uni-muenchen.de)
Kinase-inactive Tyk2 can contribute to the control of low-dose L. monocytogenes infection and to the development of adaptive immunity. (jak-stat.at)
In conclusion, upon VACV infection Ncr1 positive cells including NK cells mount two waves of early IFN-gamma responses that are sufficient to promote the induction of protective anti-viral immunity. (uni-muenchen.de)
They are extremely versatile APCs involved in the initiation of both innate and adaptive immunity ( 1 ), but also in the differentiation of regulatory T cells ( 2 ) required for the maintenance of self-tolerance. (aai.org)
The mucosal vaccine is a promising approach owing to its potential to induce both systemic and localized humoral and cell-mediated immunity [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Previous studies indicate that natural killer (NK) cells do not play a role in inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lung, and recent studies have revealed that NK cells regulate the adaptive immunity during mycobacterial infection. (bioxcell.com)
Thus, NK cells did not play a direct role in control BCG, but aggravated the pulmonary inflammation and impaired anti-BCG T cell immunity, likely through killing BCG-infected macrophages. (bioxcell.com)
Trained immunity of natural killer (NK) cells has shown great potential in the treatment of cancers by eliciting enhanced effector responses to restimulation by cytokines or cancer cells for long time periods after preactivation. (cancerbiomed.org)
However, the human NK cells responsible for the generation and maintenance of trained immunity are largely unknown. (cancerbiomed.org)
Eliciting long-lived memory T cell response is an ultimate goal of vaccination to provide long-term immunity against cancer. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
Accumulating evidence has shown that the immunosuppressive CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (T Reg ) play a critical role in the suppression of anti-tumor immunity. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
Delineation of mechanisms underlying T Reg -mediated suppression in vivo will help develop strategies to overcome T Reg -mediated suppression in favor of boosting anti-tumor immunity. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
Our latest data reveals that PMC-309 can activate adaptive immunity (T cells) like the existing drugs, but also can activate innate immunity (monocytes), where the existing drugs show low performance," said Dr. Cheon Ho Park, Head of Drug Discovery Team at PharmAbcine. (pharmabcine.com)
Adams JS, Hewison M. Unexpected actions of vitamin D: new perspectives on the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. (springer.com)
it functions as an inhibitory checkpoint receptor, thereby limiting adaptive and innate immunity. (molecule.to)
This sequence of steps may ultimately prevent elimination of cancer cells, so TIGIT is considered to be a key inhibitor in cancer immunity. (molecule.to)
In their review " Natural and Adaptive Immunity to Cancer ", Vesely and colleagues draw from recent mouse models of cancer and human clinical data to describe how cells, effector molecules, and pathways of the immune system act to suppress and control tumor cells. (massgenomics.org)
The two recognized types of immunity are innate and adaptive. (medscape.com)
Innate immunity resides in the skin, mucous membranes, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, complement system, and a select group of cells that possess cytotoxic capabilities. (medscape.com)
Natural-killer (NK) cells are specialized lymphocytes that have cytotoxic properties in addition to their ability to produce cytokines that assist in the orchestration of adaptive immunity. (medscape.com)
In contrast to basic innate immunity, adaptive immunity is specific and depends on antigenic stimulation. (medscape.com)
Abbreviations used characterized by TH2 cytokine production and associated with AHR: Airway hyperreactivity allergen sensitization and adaptive immunity. (cdc.gov)
CRTH2: Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed includes nonallergic asthma phenotypes, such as asthma on TH2 cells associated with exposure to air pollution, infection, or obesity, ILC: Innate lymphoid cell that require innate rather than adaptive immunity. (cdc.gov)

A new subclass of NK cells have been created both in vitro and in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
Indeed, the engagement of CD16a on CD3+CD56+ cells led to a potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) both in vitro and in vivo against ovarian cancer. (wikipedia.org)
We recently reported the combination of an imidazoquinoline-based TLR7/8 agonist (522) with a monoclonal antibody improved ADCC in vitro and in vivo. (umn.edu)
Specifically, we found the agonists 574 and 558 significantly enhanced NK cell-mediated ADCC in vitro as well as enhanced the anti-cancer efficacy of monoclonal antibodies in two different in vivo mouse models. (umn.edu)
In this paper, we review the current literature on both in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of the immune system in fracture repair, the use of MSCs in the enhancement of fracture healing, and interactions between MSCs and immune cells. (hindawi.com)
Here, we describe the pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo study of irradiated haNK cells engineered to express a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). (elifesciences.org)
NK cells derived from LAQ-treated mice killed B16F10 melanoma cells in vitro more efficiently than NK cells derived from vehicle controls and produced more cytokines in response to IL-12 and IL-18 stimulation. (uni-goettingen.de)
While many methods have been developed to screen and evaluate the efficacy of immune cell‑mediated killing, there is a need for a more robust in vitro assay to accurately predict the in vivo behavior of therapies. (technologynetworks.com)
Apoptosis induced in vitro and in vivo during infection by Ebola and Marburg viruses. (cdc.gov)
Previous studies have proven that rodent and human MSCs can differentiate into HLCs in vitro and in vivo , which is one of the mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of liver failure. (springer.com)
Subsequently, the immune responses induced by these recombinant strains were compared in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
Blockade of NKG2D suppresses cytolysis against ER-stressed epithelial cells in vitro and spontaneous enteritis in vivo . (bioxcell.com)
The purpose of this research was to analyze the results of the studies on the effect of MPs and NPs on the body and evaluate their impact as pathogenetic factors of immune status disorders in vitro and in vivo. (voprosy-pitaniya.ru)
We have generated a high affinity and selective humanized monoclonal IgG4 antibody, TSR-033, which binds human LAG-3 and serves as a functional antagonist, enhancing in vitro T-cell activation both in mixed lymphocyte reactions and staphylococcal enterotoxin B-driven stimulation assays. (aacrjournals.org)
DTEM) has developed and coordinated a mixtures program that includes trend analysis to identify the mixtures most often found in environmental media, in vivo and in vitro toxicological testing of mixtures, quantitative modeling of joint action, and methodological development for assessment of joint toxicity. (cdc.gov)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
Lipopeptides act as immunomodulators by interacting with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), expressed on antigen-presenting cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) to activate immune functions [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the professional producers of IFN-I in response to many viruses, including all of the herpesviruses tested. (mdpi.com)
NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
The innate immune system includes macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), and natural killer (NK) cells, which respond quickly to an immunological threat. (nature.com)
This is achieved through the early control of cytomegalovirus, which dramatically reduces the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) for cytokine production, preserves the conventional dendritic cell (cDC) compartment, and accelerates antiviral CD8 T cell responses. (uni-muenchen.de)
LAQ reduced the total number of splenic dendritic cells and the number of myeloid dendritic cells. (uni-goettingen.de)
In a triple co-culture system with 2D2 T cells and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, T cell proliferation in response to MOG35-55 was significantly better inhibited by NK cells derived from LAQ-treated mice in a cell contact-dependent manner. (uni-goettingen.de)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs able to initiate innate and adaptive immune responses against invading pathogens. (aai.org)
Among the cells that participate to innate responses, dendritic cells (DCs) 4 play a central role. (aai.org)
TNF-alpha -dependent maturation of local dendritic cells is critical for activating the adaptive immune response to virus infection. (cornell.edu)
Macrophages and dendritic cells can produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D within the microenvironment. (springer.com)
Given that CD155 is highly expressed by both human and mouse tumors and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, it has been proposed that TIGIT might inhibit antitumor immune responses via multiple, sequential steps: first, inhibiting NK cell-mediated tumor cell killing as well as tumor Ag release, then inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells and suppressing CD8+ T cell function via TIGIT+ Tregs, and finally directly inhibiting CD8+ T cell effector functions. (molecule.to)
Other cellular components of the innate immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells. (medscape.com)

The normal process of fracture repair begins with an immediate inflammatory response as the innate immune system (macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells) responds with a variety of cytokines that recruit and activate several cell types, including osteoprogenitor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to the site of injury [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
PD-L1 CAR haNKs reduced levels of macrophages and other myeloid cells endogenously expressing high PD-L1 in peripheral blood from patients with head and neck cancer. (elifesciences.org)
Additionally, in these mice normal MHC-II expression was detected on peripheral macrophages, whereas IFN-gamma(OFF) mice did not show MHC-II expression on such cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
Sana's hypoimmune technology seeks to overcome the immunologic rejection of allogeneic cells via disruption of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II expression to allow cells to evade the adaptive immune system, including antibody and T cell responses, as well as overexpression of CD47 to allow cells to evade the innate immune cell system, in particular macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells. (pipelinereview.com)
Further studies showed that NK cells lysed BCG-infected macrophages in an NKG2D dependent manner. (bioxcell.com)
Macrophages, monocytes, natural killer cells (NK cells), and leukocytes (neutrophils) phagocytize antigens and present them to adaptive immune cells. (voprosy-pitaniya.ru)
VISTA is found overexpressed on MDSC (Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells) and M2 macrophages both of which are immunosuppressive cells found abundantly around TME (Tumor Microenvironment). (pharmabcine.com)

NK cells express germ-line receptors that are either stimulatory or inhibitory, and the summation of these signals determines activation status ( Caligiuri, 2008 ). (elifesciences.org)
Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
As chronic virus infection contributes to effector cell dysfunction, punctuated by increased expression of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors, it is important to unravel the mechanisms by which viruses affect regular NK cell functions to either prevent dysfunction or introduce disease-appropriate mediators to invigorate NK cell responses. (mun.ca)
Background Natural Killer cell Engagers (NKEs) are multifunctional molecules that target activating receptors on the surface of NK cells, bind to tumor associated antigens and engage Fc gamma receptors expressed on effector cells of the immune system. (bmj.com)
Methods Expanding on Xencor's XmAb bispecific Fc platform, we developed NKE molecules targeting NKG2D, an activating receptor expressed on cytotoxic immune cells, B7H3, a pan tumor antigen, while simultaneously engaging Fc gamma receptors. (bmj.com)
Results NKEs were engineered for synergistic effects on NK cells by the simultaneous engagement of NKG2D and Fc gamma receptors. (bmj.com)
As such LAQ increased the frequency of CD69+ NK cells and upregulated a number of activating NK cell receptors such as DNAM-1 and TACTILE. (uni-goettingen.de)
TIGIT, an inhibitory NK cell receptor, which shares the same ligand with DNAM-1 and TACTILE, was downregulated, suggesting that LAQ shifts the balance of inhibitory and activating NK cell receptors in favor of the latter. (uni-goettingen.de)
Disruptive mutations in private receptors can lead to more selective reductions in cell types such as regulatory T cells (T reg s) with IL-2Rα or T cells with IL-7Rα ( 1 ) . (biorxiv.org)
Conversely, activating mutations in these receptors, such as IL-7Rα, promote cancers such as B and T cell leukemias ( 3 ) . (biorxiv.org)
Vitamin D receptors are expressed on the principal cell populations involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses. (springer.com)
Tumors escape immune surveillance by inducing various immunosuppressive pathways, including the activation of inhibitory receptors on tumor-infiltrating T cells. (molecule.to)
Chronic T-cell exhaustion is marked by the progressive upregulation of coinhibitory receptors, PD-1 being one of the most prominent, but also other coregulated receptors such as LAG-3 ( 4, 5 ). (aacrjournals.org)
The generation of receptors specific for antigens is a unique and complex process that generates 10 12 specific receptors for each cell type of the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells. (medscape.com)
Various cell types can process and present these antigens to T cells, or antigens may be soluble and bound to B-cell receptors. (medscape.com)

These NK cells referred to as cytokine induced memory-like natural killer cells are induced using cytokines, most commonly a mix of IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18. (wikipedia.org)
These NK cells are activated by these cytokines to stimulate an infection and induce an adaptive immune response. (wikipedia.org)
They were given the name "cytokine-induced killer" because cultivation with certain cytokines is mandatory for the maturation into terminally differentiated CIK cells. (wikipedia.org)
These cytokines strongly stimulate the proliferation and maturation into CIK cells. (wikipedia.org)
The precise spatial and temporal impact of immune cells and their cytokines on fracture healing remains obscure. (hindawi.com)
Nevertheless, ex vivo activation with cytokines can restore cytolytic activity of NK cells against GB, indicating that NK cells have potential for adoptive immunotherapy of GB if potent cytotoxicity can be maintained in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
Combination of NKEs with proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL15, showed enhancement of the cytotoxic activity against tumor cells and augmented NK cell activation. (bmj.com)
Cancer immunotherapies can be divided into four major categories: - Cytokines/immunomodulation agents - Monoclonal antibodies - Cell‑based therapies - Oncolytic viruses Though monoclonal antibodies currently represent the largest class of commercialized cancer immunotherapies, cell‑based therapies are rapidly making headway. (technologynetworks.com)
Different properties such as the efficient Ag processing machinery, the high levels of expression of costimulatory molecules and peptide-MHC complexes, and the production of cytokines contribute in making DCs potent stimulators of naive T cell responses. (aai.org)
We found that vaccination with rL H5 provided cross-protection against a lethal challenge with an antigenically distinct influenza A/H1N1 virus and produced significant changes in the levels of some cytokines and the percentages of both IFN-γ + CD4 + and IFN-γ + CD8 + T cells in lung and spleen. (biomedcentral.com)
Effector CD4 + T cell subsets have been defined based on their secretion of cytokines, as well as based on transcription factors and cytokines required for their development and maintenance. (jci.org)
The common γ-chain receptor cytokines are promising immune therapies due to their central role in coordinating the proliferation and activity of various immune cell populations. (biorxiv.org)
One of these cytokines, interleukin (IL)-2, has potential as a therapy in autoimmunity but is limited in effectiveness by its modest specificity toward regulatory T cells (T reg s). (biorxiv.org)
Cytokines that bind to the common γ-chain (γ c ) receptor, including interleukin (IL)-2, 4, 7, 9, 15, and 21, are a critical hub in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses ( 1 ) . (biorxiv.org)
A prominent phenotypic outcome of γ c receptor signaling is lymphoproliferation, and so the cytokines are often observed to be an endogenous or exogenous mechanism for altering the balance of immune cell types. (biorxiv.org)
A cytotoxic anti-IL3R a antibody targets key cells and alters cytokines implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus. (edu.au)

In SIVagm infection, systemic IL-15 was associated with NK cell proliferation in lymph node (LN), while systemic IFNα correlated with NK cell cytotoxicity in LN 17 . (nature.com)
NKEs promote tumor cell lysis by redirecting NK cells to their targets, and drive activation and proliferation of NK cells. (bmj.com)
Angiogenesis starts from local destruction of the wall of preexisting blood vessel, activation of endothelial cell proliferation, and migration. (samploon.com)
CD3 may play a role in TCR-induced growth arrest, cell survival and proliferation. (exbio.cz)
Its roles include regulation of proliferation, promotion of immune system and activation of apoptosis in B cells. (intechopen.com)
In these cells, IL-21 does not promote proliferation but enhances apoptosis and chemotaxis. (intechopen.com)
The M2 macrophage inhibition decreased the proliferation of Tregs (regulatory T cells) while boosted the number of NK (Natural Killer) cells compared to the control group. (pharmabcine.com)
This active form of vitamin D can inhibit immune cell proliferation, promote an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile, expand regulatory T cells, enhance glucocorticoid actions, increase glutathione production, and inhibit hepatic stellate cells. (springer.com)
Vitamin D inhibits proliferation and profibrotic marker expression in hepatic stellate cells and decreases thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats. (springer.com)
Analogous studies in a murine syngeneic tumor model using surrogate antibodies demonstrated significant synergy between LAG-3 and PD-1 blockade-combination treatment led to a marked improvement in therapeutic efficacy, increased T-cell proliferation, IFNγ production, and elicited durable immunologic memory upon tumor rechallenge. (aacrjournals.org)

Unlike HIV infection, which progresses to AIDS absent suppressive anti-retroviral therapy, nonpathogenic infections in natural hosts, such African green monkeys, are characterized by a lack of gut microbial translocation and robust secondary lymphoid natural killer cell responses resulting in an absence of chronic inflammation and limited SIV dissemination in lymph node B-cell follicles. (nature.com)
IFN-I have potent direct antiviral activities, also mediate a multiplicity of immunoregulatory functions, which can either promote or dampen antiviral adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
Furthermore, other cells at the interface of the innate and the adaptive immune system (e.g cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) or invariant natural killer T-cells (iNKT)) are important mediators in antitumor-, autoimmune-, and antimicrobial responses and tumor surveillance. (nature.com)
Natural killer cells promote early CD8 T cell responses against cytomegalovirus. (uni-muenchen.de)
By using congenic or mutant mice and wild-type versus genetically engineered viruses, we examined the consequences on antiviral CD8 T cell responses of specific defects in the ability of the NK cells to control MCMV. (uni-muenchen.de)
This system allowed us to demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that NK cells accelerate CD8 T cell responses against a viral infection in vivo. (uni-muenchen.de)
Collectively, our data demonstrate that the ability of NK cells to respond very early to cytomegalovirus infection critically contributes to balance the intensity of other innate immune responses, which dampens early immunopathology and promotes optimal initiation of antiviral CD8 T cell responses. (uni-muenchen.de)
In order to study the possible role over Ficoll-Hypaque (density 1.077 production, and are the key players in that NK cells might play in the patho- g/L) (Amersham Biosciences) and immune responses to viruses [7]. (who.int)
Furthermore, we aim at further dissecting kinase-dependent and -independent functions of Tyk2 in the regulation of IFN production and during innate and adaptive immune responses to L. monocytogenes infections. (jak-stat.at)
Reconstitution of innate IFN-gamma was sufficient to restore cytokine responses that supported normal myeloid cell distribution and survival upon VACV infection. (uni-muenchen.de)
In conclusion, IFN-gamma derived from Ncr1(+) innate immune cells is sufficient to elicit fully effective immune responses upon VACV infection. (uni-muenchen.de)
It is produced during immune responses by innate as well as adaptive immune cells and can critically affect the course and outcome of infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer. (uni-muenchen.de)
VACV infected IFN-gamma(Ncr1-ON) mice mounted normal cytokine responses, restored neutrophil accumulation, and showed normal myeloid cell distribution in blood and spleen. (uni-muenchen.de)
Our recent work indicates that the APC protein is involved in various phases of both CD4 and CD8 T cells responses. (pasteur.fr)
2018). "NK cells inhibit anti-Mycobacterium bovis BCG T cell responses and aggravate pulmonary inflammation in a direct lung infection mouse model" Cell Microbiol 20(7): e12833. (bioxcell.com)
2000. Soluble CD8 attenuates cytotoxic T cell responses against replication-defective adenovirus affording transprotection of transgenes in vivo. . (cornell.edu)
In addition, we are investigating the role of innate immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells in innate and adaptive immune responses to these viruses. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which serves as an animal model of MS, is also induced by the activation of myelin reactive CD4 + T cells and their subsequent migration in the CNS, where they mediate inflammatory responses, resulting in demyelination and neurodegeneration. (jci.org)
We used a tensor-structured dimensionality reduction scheme to decompose the responses of each cell population to each ligand over a range of time points and cytokine concentrations. (biorxiv.org)
We compared antibody responses to high-dose egg-based inactivated (HD-IIV3), recombinant (RIV4), and cell culture-based (ccIIV4) vs standard-dose egg-based inactivated influenza vaccine (SD-IIV4) among health care personnel (HCP) aged 18-65 years in 2 influenza seasons (2018-2019, 2019-2020). (cdc.gov)
BACKGROUND: Antibody responses to non-egg-based standard-dose cell-culture influenza vaccine (containing 15 g hemagglutinin (HA)/component) and recombinant vaccine (containing 45 g HA/component) during consecutive seasons have not been studied in the United States. (cdc.gov)

Data highlight the potentiality of this novel immunotherapy strategy where a nonspecific cytotoxic cell population can be converted into tumor-specific effectors with clinical-grade antibodies, thus providing not only a therapeutic option for TNBC but also a valid alternative to more complex approaches based on chimeric antigen receptor-engineered cells. (wikipedia.org)
As chronic HIV-1 infection amplifies HCMV-driven accumulation of adaptive NK cells, we studied whether NK cell adaptation to HCMV infection functionally impacts their natural and antibody-dependent cytotoxic functions in this setting. (mun.ca)
Although factors present during HCMV infection augmented NK cell activity, we found no evidence that NK cells acquire superior cytotoxic function or capacity for interferon-γ secretion in response to target cells following adaptation to HCMV infection. (mun.ca)
Developed NKEs showed cytotoxic activity and immune cell activation in co-culture studies of human cancer cell lines with either PBMCs, T cells or NK cells. (bmj.com)
These cells integrate multiple positive and negative signals through NK cell cytotoxic or inhibitory synapses. (ox.ac.uk)
While monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) blocking programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have been approved for multiple cancer indications, only a subset of patients benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapies, highlighting the need for additional approaches. (molecule.to)

After completed maturation CIK cells are transfused to the donor in autologous settings or to different recipients in allogeneic settings. (wikipedia.org)
define NK cell differentiation states based on their education via NKG2a and expression of CD16 (FcγRIII), an activating Fc receptor that mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 8 , and demonstrate that nonpathogenic SIVagm infection in African green monkeys (AGMs) imprints the maturation of NK cells inducing terminally differentiated NKG2a low CD16 + NK cells, which express high levels of interleukin (IL)−21R. (nature.com)
Given previous findings on a role of IL-21 and IFNα in regulating NK cell function, and that NKG2a low CD16 + NK cells are generated while expressing high levels of IL-21R in nonpathogenic SIV infection, we sought to determine whether immunotherapy with IL-21 and IFNα rescues AGM-like profiles of NK cell maturation and activity in SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs). (nature.com)
Kinase-dependent and -independent functions of Tyk2 control NK cell development/maturation and/or NK cell cytotoxicity. (jak-stat.at)
This phenotype is observed most extremely from loss-of-function or reduced activity mutations in γ c which subvert T and NK cell maturation ( 2 ) . (biorxiv.org)

As a special feature, terminally differentiated CD3+CD56+ CIK cells possess the capacity for both MHC-restricted and MHC-unrestricted anti-tumor cytotoxicity. (wikipedia.org)
This unique combination of T-cell and NK-cell capabilities exerts a potent and widely MHC-unrestricted anti-tumor cytotoxicity against a broad range of cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
Up to now the exact mechanisms of tumor recognition and targeted cytotoxicity of CIK cells is not fully understood. (wikipedia.org)
furthermore, in vivo IFNα-induced NK cell cytotoxicity correlates with reductions in HIV-DNA during antiretroviral therapy (ART) 16 . (nature.com)
Functional activity of NKEs was evaluated via assessing anti-tumor cytotoxicity and activation of NK and T cells in co-culture studies with human cancer cell lines. (bmj.com)
NK cells are specialized effectors of the innate immune system that destroy their targets by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, have prominent antitumor effects, and are potent killers of virally infected cells. (medscape.com)

While LAQ treatment prevented the death of animals in the presence of NK cells, a considerable number of animals depleted of NK cells died despite LAQ therapy. (uni-goettingen.de)
By using a mouse model of direct lung infection with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), we found that the presence of NK cells postponed the priming and activation of T cells after BCG infection. (bioxcell.com)

However, we know less about the biological effects of IL-21 and its signaling mechanisms in leukemia cells and monocytes. (intechopen.com)

It remains to be investigated whether similar effects of LAQ on human NK cells can be detected in patients with MS. Since published data reveal defective NK cell function as one pathogenic factor in MS, LAQ-induced restoration of NK cell functions could be a major component of its protective mechanisms in the treatment of MS patients. (uni-goettingen.de)

One outcome of HCMV infection is emergence of a stable differentiated population of phenotypically and functionally adapted NK cells exhibiting a form of memory. (mun.ca)
However, HCMV-driven NK cell adaptation in HIV-1 infection paralleled increased expression of TIGIT, an inhibitory immune checkpoint receptor, on NK cells. (mun.ca)
Our results confirm a potential role of NK cells and the different subsets in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection. (who.int)
et 20 témoins en bonne santé ne présentant pas d'infection par le virus de l'hépatite C. Une réduction importante de la fréquence des cellules tueuses naturelles totales dans le groupe des patients porteurs d'une infection chronique a été observée par rapport au groupe des témoins ( P = 0,001) ou au groupe des patients dont l'infection a connu une résolution spontanée ( P = 0,01). (who.int)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has impaired cellular immune response and circulating NK cells, NK subsets (in- the ability to establish chronic infection virus persistence [8]. (who.int)
The elimination or persistence (NKRs) and mediate functions of both cells and CD56+NT cells was charac- of the infection depends on a balance T cells and NK cells [13]. (who.int)
IL-12 signaling is similarly impaired in Tyk2-/- and Tyk2K923E lymphocytes but surprisingly we found Tyk2 kinase-independent, delayed IFNγ production after Listeria monocytogenes infection in vivo. (jak-stat.at)
Our new mouse model is suitable to further address the role of Ncr1(+) cell-derived IFN-gamma also in other models of infection, as well as of autoimmunity and cancer. (uni-muenchen.de)
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is reported to promote NK cell differentiation and education. (aacrjournals.org)
The impact of CMV infection and adaptive-like NK cells on relapse and survival of patients with AML not receiving allo-SCT remains unknown. (aacrjournals.org)
In addition, depletion of NK cells before infection alleviated pulmonary pathology. (bioxcell.com)

Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Clinically, EBV-associated malignancies such as Hodgkin's lymphoma offer a unique model to explore antigen-defined immunotherapy approaches because EBV-derived tumor antigens are specific for tumor cells only. (dukecancerinstitute.org)

Here, we demonstrate that NK cells (haNKs) engineered to express a PD-L1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) haNKs killed a panel of human and murine head and neck cancer cells at low effector-to-target ratios in a PD-L1-dependent fashion. (elifesciences.org)
Studies sug- terized by flow cytometry using anti between the immune response and the gest that HCV inhibits receptor genes in CD3, CD56 and CD16 monoclonal virus replication rate [5] and play a cru- the activation of NK cells [20], and the antibodies. (who.int)
Most interestingly, LAQ specifically interfered with the DNAM-1/TACTILE/TIGIT pairwise receptor family on NK cells, favoring a central role of this pathway within the mechanism of action of LAQ. (uni-goettingen.de)
EnSCs synthesize and discharge several growth factors including transforming growth factor-α (TGFα), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). IGF-I, TGFα, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and platelet derived growth factor-β (PDGFβ) receptor expression in epithelial cells are upregulated during expeditious growth in the proliferative stage. (samploon.com)
Chemerin is an adipocytokine involved in the recruitment of immune cells [ 11 ] and serves as a bridge between various immune cells from the initial stage of inflammatory diseases through the development process [ 12 ], and its receptor CMKLR1 (also named ChemR23 in humans) is a specific functional member of the G protein receptor family. (biomedcentral.com)
T cell activation through the antigen receptor (TCR) involves the cytoplasmic tails of the CD3 subunits CD3 gamma, CD3 delta, CD3 epsilon and CD3 zeta. (exbio.cz)
In total, these findings represent a comprehensive analysis of how ligand properties, and their consequent effects on surface receptor-ligand interactions, translate to selective activation of immune cell populations. (biorxiv.org)
The traditional CD8(+)alphabeta T-cell receptor-positive cells are among the best models for the concept of an immunological synapse, in which vectoral signaling is linked to directed secretion in a stable interface to induce apoptotic cell death in an infected cell. (ox.ac.uk)
Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is a coinhibitory receptor associated with impaired T-cell function and is frequently coexpressed with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in the context of human cancers. (aacrjournals.org)

These data have identified several promising candidate NKEs for future in vivo efficacy studies in mouse tumor models expressing B7H3. (bmj.com)
Finally, LAQ efficacy was analyzed in NK cell-depleted and competent EAE animals. (uni-goettingen.de)
While the data provided by these assays help piece together an understanding of different facets of immune cell‑mediated killing, it is important to note that the parameters being reported often do not correlate with target cell killing efficacy in vivo. (technologynetworks.com)
Islet cell transplantation has shown curative potential for patients with type 1 diabetes, but the need for concurrent immunosuppression has led to side effects, limited efficacy, and decreased utilization. (pipelinereview.com)
Henrickson M, Reid J, Bellet JS, Sawchuk SS, Hirsch R: Comparison of in vivo efficacy and mechanism of action of antimurine monoclonal antibodies directed against TCR alpha beta (H57-597) and CD3 (145-2C11). (exbio.cz)
Efficacy and safety of mavrilimumab in giant cell arteritis: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (edu.au)
Recently, anti-TIGIT mAb (tiragolumab) has demonstrated promising clinical efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer treatment when combined with an anti-PD-L1 drug (Tecentriq), leading to phase III trial initiation. (molecule.to)
In a humanized mouse non-small cell lung carcinoma model, TSR-033 boosted the antitumor efficacy of PD-1 monotherapy, with a concomitant increase in immune activation. (aacrjournals.org)

This is of particular importance as harmful cells that are missing MHC markers cannot be tracked and attacked by other immune cells, such as T-lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
It has been shown that lymphocytes, when exposed to interferon-gamma, anti-CD3 antibody, interleukin-1 and interleukin 2, are capable of lysing fresh, non-cultured cancer cells, both primary and metastatic. (wikipedia.org)
The adaptive immune response, primarily comprised of T and B lymphocytes, has important implications in the fracture healing process as well [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Depletion of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and NK cells during the course of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in cynomolgus macaques. (cdc.gov)
The CD3 antigen is present on 68-82% of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, 65-85% of thymocytes and Purkynje cells in the cerebellum. (exbio.cz)
The adaptive immune system consists of 2 types of lymphocytes: T cells (70-75% of the adaptive immune force) and B cells (10-20% of the adaptive immune force). (medscape.com)

MSCs are able to evade the host cell immune system due to their low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and complete lack MHC class II molecules and other costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD40L, CD80, and CD86) required for immune cell stimulation [ 15 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Other established methods, such as flow cytometry, can then provide extra data regarding immune cell phenotype, activation, and function. (technologynetworks.com)
The most commonly used method for measuring immune cell‑mediated killing is the release assay, where effector cell‑mediated disruption of the target cell membrane results in leakage of its cytoplasmic contents into the culture medium. (technologynetworks.com)
The presence of kinase-inactive Tyk2 impairs innate IFNγ production but triggers alternative adaptive immune cell activation, or (b) kinase-inactive Tyk2 blocks negative immune regulatory pathways acting on IFNγ-producing cells. (jak-stat.at)
To selectively analyze the function of innate immune cell-derived IFN-gamma, we generated conditional IFN-gamma(OFF) mice, in which endogenous IFN-gamma expression is disrupted by a loxP flanked gene trap cassette inserted into the first intron of the IFN-gamma gene. (uni-muenchen.de)
Rosa26RFP reporter mice intercrossed with Ncr1-Cre mice showed selective RFP expression in more than 80% of the NK cells, while upon intercrossing with CD4-Cre mice abundant RFP expression was detected in T cells, but also to a minor extent in other immune cell subsets. (uni-muenchen.de)
This prompted us to investigate an array of immune cell features in FAP subjects carrying APC mutations. (pasteur.fr)

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and stem-cell factor (SCF) have the essential contribution in endometrial regeneration. (samploon.com)

These data demonstrate that African green monkey-like natural killer cell differentiation profiles can be rescued in rhesus macaques to promote viral clearance in tissues. (nature.com)
Adipose-derived MSCs, in particular, pose an attractive option for cell-based therapy due to their relatively decreased morbidity during isolation and potential for expansion and differentiation [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Multipotential differentiation of MSCs into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic cell lineages. (hindawi.com)
Especially Mesenchymal Stem cells have been focused in a plethora of preclinical and clinical experiments over the five decades due to extraordinary capacity in differentiation to multiple lineages, immunomodulation and angigenic properties. (samploon.com)
Monthly cyclical endometrial growth, differentiation, and regression are governed by a fine tuned inter play between ovarian sex steroid hormones and numerous cell types. (samploon.com)
Large body of data of experiment concludes that EMSCs have the ability to differentiation in multiple lineages such as osteoblast, cartilage, adipose, smooth muscle cell(1/18), hepatocytes, cardiomyocyte, neural cells. (samploon.com)
The transcription factor STAT1 plays a critical role in modulating the differentiation of CD4 + T cells producing IL-17 and GM-CSF, which promote the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). The protective role of STAT1 in MS and EAE has been largely attributed to its ability to limit pathogenic Th cells and promote Tregs. (jci.org)
TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-23 promote the differentiation of Th17 cells. (jci.org)
that regulate the differentiation and activation of these cells. (cdc.gov)

Cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) cells are a group of immune effector cells featuring a mixed T- and natural killer (NK) cell-like phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
CIK cells have, as a key feature, a double T-cell and NK cell-like phenotype. (wikipedia.org)

Typically, immune cells detect major histocompatibility complex (MHC) presented on infected cell surfaces, triggering cytokine release, causing lysis or apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)

Several sources also call them natural killer cell-like T cells due to their close relationship to NK cells. (wikipedia.org)
The mechanism of CIK cells is distinctive from that of natural killer cells or LAK cells because they can lyse cells that NK cells and LAK cells cannot. (wikipedia.org)
Here we report, using the pathogenic model of antiretroviral therapy-treated, SIV-infected rhesus macaques that sequential interleukin-21 and interferon alpha therapy generate terminally differentiated blood natural killer cells (NKG2a/c low CD16 + ) with potent human leukocyte antigen-E-restricted activity in response to SIV envelope peptides. (nature.com)
This is in contrast to control macaques, where less differentiated, interferon gamma-producing natural killer cells predominate. (nature.com)
The frequency and activity of terminally differentiated NKG2a/c low CD16 + natural killer cells correlates with a reduction of replication-competent SIV in lymph node during antiretroviral therapy and time to viral rebound following analytical treatment interruption. (nature.com)
Natural killer (NK) cells are "licensed" with functional competence following education with self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules 1 . (nature.com)
Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy may overcome genetic mechanisms of resistance to T cell-based immunotherapy through antigen- and MHC-independent recognition of malignant cells. (elifesciences.org)
While GB tumors are frequently infiltrated by natural killer (NK) cells, these are actively suppressed by the GB cells and the GB tumor microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
We have within us immune cells called natural killer (NK) cells that constantly survey our tissues to detect and eliminate transformed and infected cells. (mun.ca)
While natural killer (NK) cells can directly contribute to the control of viral replication, whether, and how, they may help orchestrate global antiviral defense is largely unknown. (uni-muenchen.de)
ABSTRACT Natural kil er (NK) cel s are key players in the immune response to viruses. (who.int)
of various populations of NKR+ T cells whole blood were withdrawn from Natural killer (NK) cells are potent have been reported to be impaired in each participant on ethylenediamine- antiviral cells which eliminate the vi- chronic hepatitis C patients [16,21]. (who.int)
Experimental data provide evidence for immunomodulatory effects of LAQ on antigen presenting cells and T cells, but the role of natural killer (NK) cells within the mechanism of action of LAQ has not been investigated yet. (uni-goettingen.de)
Unexpectedly, we found that kinase-inactive Tyk2 contributes to tumor surveillance and our results point towards an involvement of natural killer (NK) cells in the process. (jak-stat.at)
While traditionally thought of as innate immune cells, natural killer (NK) cells are now appreciated to have the capacity for long-term adaptation to chemical and viral insults. (ox.ac.uk)
NK: Natural killer including IL-5 and IL-13. (cdc.gov)
NKT: Natural killer T innate lymphoid cells and their role in asthma. (cdc.gov)

Different primitive and metastatic TNBC cancer mouse models were established in mice, and the treatment CIK cells plus cetuximab significantly restrained primitive tumor growth in mice, either in patient-derived tumor xenografts or MDA-MB-231 cell line models. (wikipedia.org)
To evaluate whether it also modulates immune function in mice to exert antifungal effects, we investigated the effect of BS-Z15 secondary metabolites on both the innate and adaptive immune functions of mice, and explored its molecular mechanism through blood transcriptome analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of the present study was to evaluate effects of LAQ on innate and adaptive immune cells in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), with a special focus on NK cells. (uni-goettingen.de)
Treatment with LAQ markedly attenuated EAE severity in NK cell-competent Th/+ mice. (uni-goettingen.de)
This beneficial LAQ effect was however only transient in Th/+ mice depleted of NK cells. (uni-goettingen.de)
Apoptosis in lymphoid and parenchymal cells during sepsis: findings in normal and T- and B-cell-deficient mice. (cdc.gov)
IFN-gamma(OFF) mice were intercrossed with Ncr1-Cre mice that express Cre selectively in Ncr1(+) innate cell subsests such as NK cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
IFN-gamma(OFF) mice were intercrossed with Ncr1-Cre or CD4-Cre mice that express Cre mainly in NK cells (IFN-gamma(Ncr1-ON) mice) or T cells (IFN-gamma(CD4-ON) mice), respectively. (uni-muenchen.de)
As expected, ex vivo analysis of splenocytes derived from VACV infected IFN-gamma(Ncr1-ON) mice showed IFN-gamma expression in NK cells, but not T cells, whereas IFN-gamma(OFF) mice showed IFN-gamma expression neither in NK cells nor T cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is commonly observed in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and can, if excessive, cause spontaneous intestinal inflammation as shown by mice with IEC-specific deletion of X-box-binding protein 1 (Xbp1), an unfolded protein response-related transcription factor. (bioxcell.com)
Pharmacological depletion of NK1.1(+) cells also significantly improved enteritis, whereas enteritis was not ameliorated in Recombinase activating gene 1(-/-);Xbp1(DeltaIEC) mice. (bioxcell.com)
2001. Variation in adenovirus transgene expression between BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice is associated with differences in interleukin-12 and gamma interferon production and NK cell activation. . (cornell.edu)
Using mice with selective deletion of STAT1 in T cells (STAT1 CD4-Cre ), we identified a potentially novel mechanism by which STAT1 regulates neuroinflammation independently of Foxp3 + Tregs. (jci.org)
Elimination of NK cells restored EAE susceptibility in STAT1 CD4-Cre mice. (jci.org)
This study aimed to explore the effects of chemerin on the functions of human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and to investigate its role in lipid accumulation in ApoE-knockout (ApoE−/−) mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Lastly in vivo studies, the experimental mice were administered with PMC-309 to evaluate tumor growth inhibition. (pharmabcine.com)

Conversely, exogenous IFN-alpha administration in resistant animals ablates cDCs and delays CD8 T cell activation in the face of NK cell control of viral replication. (uni-muenchen.de)
To test, whether the LAQ-induced NK cell activation improves classical NK cell effector functions, NK cells were sorted ex vivo from LAQ- or vehicle-treated animals. (uni-goettingen.de)
These data indicate that the LAQ-mediated activation of NK cells is a crucial part of the immunomodulatory mechanism of LAQ in vivo. (uni-goettingen.de)
When early activated DCs interact with T cells, IL-2 produced by DCs is enriched at the site of cell-cell contact, confirming the importance of DCs-derived IL-2 in T cell activation. (aai.org)
Thus, the surface expression of epitopes from the spike S1 protein in L. plantarum showed potential immunoregulatory effects, suggesting its ability to potentially circumvent hyperinflammatory states relevant to monocyte/macrophage cell activation. (biomedcentral.com)
However, little is known about how T Reg suppress T cell activation in vivo. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
Expansion of Th1 cells is then promoted by IL-12-induced STAT4 activation. (jci.org)
PMC-309, one of the company's first immuno-oncology drug candidates, is a monoclonal IgG (Immunoglobulin G) that targets human VISTA (V-domain Ig Suppressor of T cell Activation), an immune checkpoint regulator. (pharmabcine.com)
Tumor persistence leads to sustained exposure of T cells to neoantigens-this results in repeated cycles of activation which culminate in a state of severe T-cell dysfunction or exhaustion, characterized by distinct epigenetic and transcriptional profiles ( 1-3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Cell-to-cell interactions set off a cascade of events that may result in T- or B-cell activation and, ultimately, host defense. (medscape.com)

Failed T cell-based immunotherapies in the presence of genomic alterations in antigen presentations pathways may be overcome by NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
T cell-based immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint blockade or adoptive T cell transfer, is limited by the ability of T cells to detect major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-presented antigen by tumor cells. (elifesciences.org)
Thus, addressing the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations in the periphery and tumor microenvironment of patients with cancer is likely to be required for effective NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
We then outline preclinical approaches that employ CAR-NK cells for GB immunotherapy, and give an overview on the ongoing clinical development of ErbB2 (HER2)-specific CAR-NK cells currently applied in a phase I clinical trial in glioblastoma patients. (frontiersin.org)
4 xCELLigence real-time cell analysis 6 Diverse cancer immunotherapy applications 6 How does the xCELLigence real-time cell analysis assay work? (technologynetworks.com)

1. To be able to describe the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in Date of Original Release: April 2014. (cdc.gov)

Likewise, the combo therapy showed better T cell infiltration and MDSC reduction in the tumor microenvironment. (pharmabcine.com)

Alternatively, cells that sense injury or loss of mitochondrial integrity may undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis). (massgenomics.org)

For example, ex vivo IL-21 treatment expanded CD16 + NK cells 9 , antagonized the IL-15-dependent expansion of resting NK cells 10 , and reverses hypo-responsiveness via the STAT1 and PI3K-AKT-FOXO1 pathways 11 . (nature.com)
In this chapter, we will focus on IL-21's biological effects and signaling pathways as well as discuss the potential implications and applications of IL-21 in leukemia cells. (intechopen.com)

Treatment of syngeneic tumors resulted in CD8 and PD-L1-dependent tumor rejection or growth inhibition and a reduction in myeloid cells endogenously expressing high levels of PD-L1. (elifesciences.org)

However, CIK cells have the ability to recognize infected or even malignant cells in the absence of antibodies and MHC, allowing for a fast and unbiased immune reaction. (wikipedia.org)
Kinnaert P, Pradier O, Bournonville B, Habrant C, Goldman M, Van Geertruyden N: Role of CD18-dependent and CD18-independent mechanisms in the increased leukocyte adhesiveness and in the variations of circulating white blood cell populations induced by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies. (exbio.cz)
We seek to de-risk humanized anti-TIGIT antibodies through in vivo studies with Biocytogen's transgenic mouse lines. (molecule.to)

2017). "NKG2D(+)CD4(+) T Cells Kill Regulatory T Cells in a NKG2D-NKG2D Ligand- Dependent Manner in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus" Sci Rep 7(1): 1288. (bioxcell.com)

We have performed approximately 165 allogeneic, primary islet cell transplants and have seen the benefits for patients, but the complications of immunosuppression inhibit broader use of this procedure. (pipelinereview.com)

Our studies show these TLR7/8 agonists induce robust pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and activate NK cells. (umn.edu)
STAT1-deficient effector T cells became the target of NK cell-mediated killing, limiting their capacity to induce EAE. (jci.org)

These properties, inter alia, rendered CIK cells attractive as a potential therapy for cancer and viral infections. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, Tyk2 kinase activity is essential for canonical type I interferon (IFNα/β) signaling and to control viral infections in vivo. (jak-stat.at)
The lung viral loads, lung cytokine levels and the percentages of both IFN-γ + CD4 + and IFN-γ + CD8 + T cells in spleen were detected using real-time RT-PCR, ELISA and flow cytometry respectively. (biomedcentral.com)

Besides recognition via TCR/CD3, NK-cell-like tumor recognition is mediated by cell-cell contact-dependent NKG2D, DNAM-1 and NKp30. (wikipedia.org)
To address this question, we took advantage of the well-defined molecular interactions involved in the recognition of mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) by NK cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
Sana's prior presentations across multiple preclinical models have highlighted the potential of this platform to enable allogeneic cells to evade immune recognition and the potential of hypoimmune-modified cells as a therapeutic for patients. (pipelinereview.com)
CD3 complex is crucial in transducing antigen-recognition signals into the cytoplasm of T cells and in regulating the cell surface expression of the TCR complex. (exbio.cz)

While the percentages of CD56 (dim) cells and their CD16 expression were lower in the chronic group, this was not statistically significant. (who.int)

Immune function refers to the ability of the immune system to recognize and destroy foreign invading foreign bodies (bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc.) and to remove senescent, damaged, dead and mutated cells as a mechanism of resistance to disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, we identify the underlying mechanism as the ability of NK cells to limit IFN-alpha/beta production to levels not immunosuppressive to the host. (uni-muenchen.de)

For instance, most labile zinc in the body is absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells via SLC39a4 protein, and excessive zinc is excreted through the kidneys, and the intestine via SLC39a5 ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
2017). "Intestinal epithelial cell endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes MULT1 up-regulation and NKG2D-mediated inflammation" J Exp Med 214(10): 2985-2997. (bioxcell.com)
Human endometrial tissue composed of epithelial stem cells (0.22%), mesenchymal stem cells (1.25%) and side population stem cells. (samploon.com)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.015 epithelial cells and airway smooth muscle cells. (cdc.gov)

The percentages of both IFN-γ + CD4 + and IFN-γ + CD8 + T cells in group 1 ( rL H5-H1N1) and group 2 (rL H5 + IL-2-H1N1) increased significantly, as measured by flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)

Osteoprogenitor MSCs not only differentiate into bone, but they also exert modulatory effects on immune cells via a variety of mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
While mechanisms that create adapted NK cells in vivo remain enigmatic, exposure to HCMV is the one common factor underlying their presence. (mun.ca)
The aims of this article are to review the current knowledge regarding therapeutic mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells in acute liver failure, to discuss recent advancements in preclinical and clinical studies in the treatment of mesenchymal stem cells, and to summarize the methodological improvement of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in treating liver failure. (springer.com)
The understanding of mechanisms underlying memory T cell formation will provide important insights into the design of effective vaccines for treating cancer. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
The signaling mechanisms of IL-21 in different cell types have been identified. (intechopen.com)
Cells already have an array of intrinsic defense mechanisms that halt the transformation process. (massgenomics.org)

They are generated by ex vivo incubation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or cord blood mononuclear cells with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), anti-CD3 antibody, recombinant human interleukin (IL)-1 and recombinant human interleukin (IL)-2. (wikipedia.org)
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells or cord blood mononuclear cells are extracted from either peripheral blood or cord blood, e.g. by simple blood draw. (wikipedia.org)

The capacity to produce IL-2 following a microbial stimuli encounter is a feature shared by diverse DC subtypes in vivo, such as CD8α + and CD8α − splenic DCs and epidermal Langerhans cells. (aai.org)

This class of personalized therapies involves collecting immune cells from an individual, engineering them to recognize and kill cancer cells, before culturing, and reintroducing them into the same individual. (technologynetworks.com)
MB3W1 is an orthotopic xenograft model for anaplastic medulloblastoma displaying cancer stem cell- and Group 3-properties. (ukw.de)
In cancer contexts, TIGIT is known to be upregulated in tumor-infiltrated T cells. (molecule.to)
Cancer Lett, 300:215-224.doi:10.1016/j. squamous cell carcinoma in north-eastern Iran. (who.int)
99:209 -215.doi:10.1007/s11060 - 010 - 0129 -5 cell carcinoma-a population-based study in with and without cervical cancer in Tbilisi, Georgia. (who.int)

Within the proposed project part we aim to determine how kinase-inactive Tyk2 contributes to NK cell activity and tumor surveillance. (jak-stat.at)
Kinase-inactive Tyk2 contributes to NK cell- but not CD8+ T cell-mediated tumor immune surveillance. (jak-stat.at)
Moreover, the innate response also contributes to the development of the adaptive immune response, which gives rise to immunological memory. (aai.org)

It defends against a constant barrage of external threats - bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens - and, as I've recently learned, protects against an intrinsic threat: cancerous cells. (massgenomics.org)
Prevaccination and 1-month-postvaccination sera were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay against 4 cell culture propagated vaccine reference viruses. (cdc.gov)
In Y2, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers against reference cell-grown vaccine viruses were compared in each ccIIV-RIV group with titers among HCP randomized both seasons to receive egg-based, standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), using geometric mean titer (GMT) ratios of Y2-post-vaccination titers. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy10

Organisms4

Chemicals and Drugs37

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes12

Immunity29

Vitro15

Dendritic14

Macrophages7

Receptors15

Cytokines16

Proliferation10

Responses21

Cytotoxic6

Maturation5

Cytotoxicity6

Presence of NK cells2

Monocytes1

Human NK cells1

Infection11

Antigens2

Receptor9

Efficacy8

Lymphocytes6

Immune cell7

Inhibitory1

Differentiation9

Phenotype2

Lysis1

Natural17

Mice16

Activation10

Immunotherapy5

Lymphoid1

Microenvironment1

Apoptosis1

Pathways2

Myeloid cells1

Antibodies3

Regulatory T cel1

Inhibit1

Induce2

Viral3

Recognition4

CD161

Mechanism2

Epithelial4

Flow cytometry1

Mechanisms6

Peripheral blood2

Subtypes1

Cancer5

Contributes3

Viruses3