• The induction of ATF-3 expression was mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in GS-002-treated cells. (hindawi.com)
  • These results suggest that the induction of apoptosis by the propolis derivative, GS-002, is partially mediated through ER stress and ATF-3-dependent pathways, and GS-002 has the potential for development as an antitumor drug. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, we review some of the recent advances and studies that highlight the roles of these changes as well as antigen presentation and stress response pathways in beta cells in the onset and propagation of the autoimmune process in type 1 diabetes. (springer.com)
  • One general mechanism of action of phytochemicals that is emerging from recent studies is that they activate adaptive cellular stress response pathways. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
  • Hormetic pathways activated by phytochemicals may involve kinases and transcription factors that induce the expression of genes that encode antioxidant enzymes, protein chaperones, phase-2 enzymes, neurotrophic factors and other cytoprotective proteins. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
  • Although some beneficial phytochemicals might function solely as antioxidants, it is becoming clear that many of the beneficial chemicals in vegetables, herbs, plants and fruits evolved as toxins (to dissuade insects and other predators) that, at subtoxic doses, activate adaptive cellular stress-response pathways in a variety of cells including neurons. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
  • Examples of such 'preconditioning' or 'neurohormesis' pathways include those involving cell-survival signaling kinases, the transcription factors NRF2 and CREB, and histone deacetylases of the sirtuin family. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
  • Such κB sites are often found adjacent to those of interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible transcription factors, suggesting a requirement for multiple signaling pathways for gene regulation. (rupress.org)
  • In addition to essential functions in cellular function, organelles serve important roles as sensors of stress and as hubs for signaling pathways. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Three arms exist in the ER stress response: the protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathways, where each of the sensor proteins is a membrane protein ( Figure 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The mammalian ER stress response consists of three arms: the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), protein kinase R (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) pathways. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • DR acts by promoting stress response pathways and preventing age-related functional decline, delaying the appearance of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegeneration in mammals, including non-human primates [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Sirtuin spices are our most popular spices that activate stress coping pathways, making them work better. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • Hypoxic cells activate a number of adaptive responses coordinated by various cellular pathways. (nutriforce.cn)
  • We review clinical data on the benefit of RASi in primary and metastatic tumors and propose that, by activating immunostimulatory pathways, these inhibitors can enhance immunotherapy of cancer. (nutriforce.cn)
  • they can combine with the promoter regions of key genes in signaling pathways to regulate their transcription levels and, in turn, plant resistance to stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NF-κB is translocated into nucleus and by binding DNA intermediates inflammatory, alergic and non-alergic immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • IL-1RI signalling is involved in thymocyte proliferation, B cells development, IL-2 and IL-6 production, stress responses, inflammatory responses, sleep regulation and appetite. (wikipedia.org)
  • The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
  • Binding sites for the nuclear factor (NF)-κB transcription factor have been identified within control regions of many genes involved in inflammatory and immune responses. (rupress.org)
  • Crohn's disease (CD), as a systemic inflammatory disease, mainly influences the gastrointestinal tract with a wide range of contributing factors including host genetics, immune system, environmental exposures, and the gut microbiome [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • I am particularly focusing on the role of ER stress and/or autophagy-dependent mechanisms and cytokine signaling which contribute to chronic intestinal inflammatory processes and/or intestinal cancer. (uni-kiel.de)
  • Activating Transcription Factor 6 Mediates Inflammatory Signals in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Upon Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. (uni-kiel.de)
  • Vedolizumab is associated with changes in innate rather than adaptive immunity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. (uni-kiel.de)
  • 2,6 More refined analysis of local vascular inflammation and the cytokines expressed in atherosclerotic plaques revealed that there is a balance between pro-inflammatory and anti- inflammatory cytokines and that this balance is crucial for lesion development ( Figure 2A). (researchgate.net)
  • The fish host concurrently displays a large panel of immune effectors, notably involving innate response and triggering acute inflammatory response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many cells and soluble factors are involved in the wound healing process, which can be divided into inflammatory, proliferative and remodeling phases. (fgf-erk.com)
  • Activated inflammatory cel s, in- persistent inflammation cluding neutrophils and macrophag- es, produce reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. (who.int)
  • Thus, mitochondrial adaptive cellular processes are important for physiological responses, including to nutrient availability, temperature and physical activity, and their failure leads to diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction such as metabolic and age-associated diseases and cancer. (nature.com)
  • However at the relatively small doses ingested by humans that consume the plants, the phytochemicals are not toxic and instead induce mild cellular stress responses. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
  • Components of signalization pathway of IL-1R which are involved in cellular response to IL-1 also mediate responses to other cytokines (IL-18 and IL-33), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and many forms of cytotoxic stress. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxidative stress generated during such stressful conditions may damage DNA and proteins, and as a consequence the cellular processes are disturbed. (springer.com)
  • Special cellular machinery should be activated to fight against increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level to protect from oxidative injury. (springer.com)
  • encoded by Nfe2l2 gene) is a transcription factor responsible for the regulation of cellular redox balance and protective antioxidant and phase II detoxification responses in mammals [ 1 , 2 ]. (springer.com)
  • The polyglutamine repeats in mutant huntingtin cause its aggregation and elicit toxicity by affecting several cellular processes, which include dysregulated organellar stress responses. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The integrated stress response (ISR) is an adaptive signaling pathway that contributes to the biology of a number of hematologic malignancies since they are inherently prone to numerous cellular stresses [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ISR (Fig. 1 ) is a complex signaling pathway that regulates cellular responses to stress stimuli and enables either adaptation or the instigation of cell death mechanisms [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Distinct cellular stresses cause the phosphorylation and activation the eIF2α kinases PERK, PKR, GCN2 and HRI. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, GCN2-induced ISR activation in response to amino acid starvation serves as an important interface between nutritional cues and cellular resilience [ 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper family, and can function as a cellular transcription factor. (cancerindex.org)
  • Lin H, (Cheng CF*). Activating transcription factor 3, an early cellular adaptive responder in ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury . (sinica.edu.tw)
  • The world is facing global warming due to urbanizations and industrialization and in this concerns plants exposed continuously to abiotic stresses which is a major cause of crop hammering every year. (scielo.br)
  • Abiotic stresses consist of Drought, Salt, Heat, Cold, Oxidative and Metal toxicity which damage the crop yield continuously. (scielo.br)
  • Progress has been made to better understand about effect of regulons (AREB/ABF, DREB, MYB, and NAC) under abiotic stresses and a number of regulons reported for stress responsive and used as a better transgenic tool of Arabidopsis and Rice. (scielo.br)
  • Using transcription factors to improve the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses is a promising strategy due to the ability of transcription factors to modulate a set of genes through binding to either promoter or enhancer region of a gene [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis identified that expression patterns of bZIP s differed, including in different organs and under various abiotic stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many bZIP s may play vital roles in the regulation of organ development, growth, and responses to abiotic stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GS-002 also induced endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress as evidenced by increases in ER stress-responsive proteins including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α (eIF2 α ), phosphorylated protein endoplasmic-reticular-resident kinase (PERK), and ATF-3. (hindawi.com)
  • The use of a muscle creatine kinase germline knockout of the gene encoding Ire1/Ern1 shifts the focus from traditional studies of tissue repair toward the regenerating myofibers. (elifesciences.org)
  • The final step of signalization is phosphorilation of the inhibitory molecule IkB by IkB kinase complex leading to transcription factor NF-κB releasing. (wikipedia.org)
  • The General Control Nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase is a conserved member of the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway that represses protein translation and helps cells to adapt to conditions of nutrient shortage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, multiple phosphor-kinase assays were performed and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was activated in liver cancer cells treated with CDDP. (ijbs.com)
  • The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), belonging to the MAPK family (also known as stress-activated protein kinase SAPK), is activated in response to various stimuli, such as infection, oxidative stress, cytotoxic drugs, cytoskeletal changes and DNA damage [ 11 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Risk factors for depression initiate an infection-like inflammation in the brain that involves activation microglial Toll-like receptors and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). (mdpi.com)
  • Recently, clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitor plus vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for mRCC have exhibited outstanding efficacies [ 3 - 5 ]. (e-crt.org)
  • WRKY transcription factors, as one of the largest transcription factor families, play important roles in regulation of many plant processes, including drought stress response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recognition of stress cues and transduction of signals to activate adaptive responses and regulation of stress-related genes are key steps leading to plant stress tolerance [ 1 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These studies indicate the potential for improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in plants through transcriptional regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Microbial LPS and viral dsRNA are potent inducers of nuclear factor (NF)-κB transcription factors, which have been implicated in regulation of host defense mechanisms in diverse species ranging from insects to mammals ( 3 ). (rupress.org)
  • Clearly, interspecies bacterial communication influences the regulation of gene expression. (asmblog.org)
  • PageMan analysis revealed several significantly enriched categories altered by MeJA+NaCl treatment, compared with NaCl treatment alone, including genes involved in secondary metabolism, glutathione-based redox regulation, cell cycle, transcription factors (TFs), and other signal transductions (such as calcium and ROS). (frontiersin.org)
  • For this reason, mitochondrial carrier gene expression needs tight regulation. (cancerindex.org)
  • In resistant individuals, we detected up-regulation of specific immune-related genes differentiating resistant individuals from controls at 96 hpi, which suggests a possible genomic basis of resistance, although no genetic variation in coding regions was found. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plants respond to various stimuli under abiotic or biotic stress condition and express certain genes either structural or regulatory genes which maintain the plant integrity. (scielo.br)
  • Our results show that RelA plays a critical role in activation of immune system genes in response to nonspecific stimuli and demonstrate a novel proapoptotic function for this protein in Fas-induced cell death. (rupress.org)
  • We also explore the potential aetiologies of the lymphopenia associated with severe COVID-19: the virus' expanded tropism, elevated serum cytokines (particularly interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α), and excessive lymphocyte recruitment to the lungs. (ersjournals.com)
  • However, it can induce expression of proinflammatory cytokines by activating NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in cytokine storms. (ijbs.com)
  • interleukins, macrophage- associated cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), interferon (IFN)-g and colony stimulating factors (CSFs) have emerged as key factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. (researchgate.net)
  • Some cytokines have a dual character and show variable effects: IL-4, IL-6, and GM-CSF can have pro-or anti- atherogenic properties, depending on the mouse model and gender used, disease stage analysed, and dietary con- ditions applied. (researchgate.net)
  • IL-1R signalization activates immune response by activation of transcription of IL-1 target genes such as IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, COX-2, IκBα, IL-1α, IL-1β, MKP-1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Important regulatory factors, TFs bind to the promoter regions of target genes and activate or inhibit their transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These mitochondrial responses are governed by general principles of regulatory biology exemplified by changes in gene expression, protein translation, protein complex formation, transmembrane transport, enzymatic activities and metabolite levels. (nature.com)
  • Recent studies indicate that nutrient fluctuations and insulin resistance increase proinsulin synthesis in β cells beyond the capacity for folding of nascent polypeptides within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, thereby disrupting ER homeostasis and triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR). (jci.org)
  • Chronic ER stress promotes apoptosis, at least in part through the UPR-induced transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). (jci.org)
  • These findings suggest that CHOP is a fundamental factor that links protein misfolding in the ER to oxidative stress and apoptosis in β cells under conditions of increased insulin demand. (jci.org)
  • In these ways, neurohormetic phytochemicals such as resveratrol, sulforaphanes and curcumin might protect neurons against injury and disease by stimulating the production of antioxidant enzymes, neurotrophic factors, protein chaperones and other proteins that help cells to withstand stress. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
  • The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a major mechanism that detects and alleviates protein-folding stresses in the endoplasmic reticulum. (elifesciences.org)
  • When the receptor is activated TIR domain recruits downstream cytoplasmic signalization adaptor proteins (such as Myd88 adaptor protein). (wikipedia.org)
  • Spliced X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1s) is a protein that belongs to the cAMP-response element-binding (CREB)/activating transcription factor (ATF) b-ZIP family with a basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP). (mdpi.com)
  • The immune-related DEOSGs and hub genes were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, respectively. (nature.com)
  • During ER stress-a state of functional imbalance-adaptive and restorative programs such as the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD), or autophagy, come into play [ 12 ] [ 13 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In the PERK arm, during stress, PERK dissociates from the chaperone protein, binding immunoglobulin protein/glucose-regulated protein 78 (BiP/GRP78), and undergoes dimerization and phosphorylation. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In vivo, the increase in CYP3A6 by hypoxia is associated with the increased expression and nuclear translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and constitutive androstane receptor ( Fradette and du Souich, 2003 ). (aspetjournals.org)
  • NetworkAnalyst identified ELAV-like RNA binding protein 1 (ELAVL1) as the most crucial upregulated gene and amyloid- β precursor protein (APP) as the most crucial downregulated gene in peripheral blood of CD patients. (hindawi.com)
  • Phosphorylation of eIF2α on Ser51 inhibits 5' cap-dependent mRNA translation, resulting in the global suppression of protein synthesis to facilitate adaptation to a variety of stresses linked to protein synthesis, including proteotoxic stress, viral replication, heme depletion and amino acid withdrawal [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As such, GCN2 is required for longevity and stress resistance induced by dietary restriction (DR). IMPACT is an ancient protein that inhibits GCN2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The encoded protein can activate transcription through pyrimidine-rich initiator (Inr) elements and E-box motifs. (cancerindex.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • Using in vitro and in vivo models I aim to advance existing research concerning the impact of protein misfolding, the unfolded protein response (UPRE), the autophagy protein ATG16L1 and cytokine receptor IL17RE signaling on disease progression. (uni-kiel.de)
  • Many classic mechanisms of chemoresistance have been widely researched from a genetic perspective, such as the abnormality of DNA damage repair (DDR) related genes, increased detoxification activity, the repressed chromatin state and drug efflux promoted by the high expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (N) protein plays a critical role in multiple steps of the viral life cycle and participates in viral replication, transcription, and assembly. (ijbs.com)
  • The primary roles of N protein are to assemble with genomic RNA into the viral RNA-protein (vRNP) complex and to localize to the replication transcription complexes (RTCs) to enhance viral replication and transcription. (ijbs.com)
  • N protein can also undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) with viral genome RNA and inhibit stress granules to facilitate viral replication and assembly. (ijbs.com)
  • Upon nutrient deprivation, autophagy is often up-regulated in response to metabolic stress and excessive organelle damage to facilitate aggregated protein removal and provide energy for cells [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oxidative and electrophilic stresses are sensed by Keap1, which activates Nrf2 to achieve cytoprotection by regulating the expression of drug-metabolizing and antioxidative stress enzymes/proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Proteins of this family play important role in host defence, injury and stress. (wikipedia.org)
  • The major characteristics of Nrf2 are to some extent mimicked by Nrf2-dependent genes and their proteins including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which besides removing toxic heme, produces biliverdin, iron ions and carbon monoxide. (springer.com)
  • The Golgi apparatus not only plays key roles in the transport, processing, and targeting of proteins, but also functions as a sensor of stress, signaling through the Golgi stress response. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • One stimulus that triggers the ER stress response is the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Studies previously conducted show that HS negatively affects the skeletal muscle growth and development by changing its effects on myogenic regulatory factors, insulin growth factor-1, and heat-shock proteins. (frontiersin.org)
  • Autophagy is an adaptive catabolic process by which cytoplasmic proteins and organelles are targeted to lysosomes for degradation [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, an adaptive immune response exists only in vertebrates and is dependent on the presence of antigen receptors displayed on specialized cells of the immune system. (rupress.org)
  • We also consider important differences between COVID-19 and influenza, mainly the protean clinical presentation and associated lymphopenia of COVID-19, the contrasting role of interferon-γ in mediating the host immune response to these viruses, and the tropism for vascular endothelial cells of SARS-CoV-2, commenting on the potential limitations of influenza as a model for COVID-19. (ersjournals.com)
  • This suppresses the ant-tumor immune response. (stanford.edu)
  • In addition, our results suggest that fish activate an adaptive immune response visible through the stimulation of T-helper cells, Th17, with congruent reduction of Th2 and T-regulatory cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we focus in detail on the interplay between common fish pathogens and host immune response during experimental infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Immune evasion in glioblastoma (GBM) shields cancer cells from cytotoxic immune response. (diagenode.com)
  • Thus, solid tumors seem to build up a hostile hypoxic microenvironment that hampers cell-mediated immunity and dampen the efficacy of the immune response. (nutriforce.cn)
  • Activating transcription factor-(ATF-) 3, a stress-inducible transcription factor, is rapidly upregulated under various stress conditions and plays an important role in inducing cancer cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • Recent research demonstrated that the potential to induce apoptosis through endoplasmic reticular (ER) stresses can be a target for cancer therapy. (hindawi.com)
  • ATF4 regulates amino acid homeostasis, purine metabolism, response to oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Caspase 9, the initiator caspase component of the apoptosome complex, can be activated by ROS, which in turn leads to activation of a caspase 3 initiating the caspase cascade leading to apoptosis [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IL-1R functions as a bridge between adaptive and innate immunity. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, neutrophil-specific chemokine genes KC and MIP-2, which can function as nonspecific mediators in innate immune responses, were strongly induced by RelA in the absence of IFN-γ. (rupress.org)
  • Innate immune responses are dependent on the presence of receptors that are capable of recognizing highly conserved features present on microorganisms ( 1 , 2 ). (rupress.org)
  • However, an effective adaptive response in vertebrates generally requires participation of innate response mediators. (rupress.org)
  • Signals produced by the innate immune system may provide information about the origin or harmfulness of foreign substances and thus determine the kind of adaptive response that is generated ( 1 , 2 ). (rupress.org)
  • We identified ELAVL1 and APP, previously implicated in regulating the activation of innate immunity [ 13 , 14 ] and T cells [ 15 ], the most significant up- and downregulated genes. (hindawi.com)
  • Our results indicate not only that RelA is required for activation of key genes involved in adaptive (acquired) immune responses, including major histocompatibility complex class I, CD40, and the Fas death receptor, but also that both NF-κB-inducing signals and IFN-γ are necessary for maximal activation. (rupress.org)
  • This review summarizes our knowledge about Nrf2 and HO-1 across different phyla suggesting their conservative role as stress-protective and anti-aging factors. (springer.com)
  • The discovery of the antioxidant response element (ARE) have led to the conclusion that the battery of genes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) is regulated through Nrf2 binding to this consensus binding sequence [ 3 ]. (springer.com)
  • This is a relatively rapid event, with Nrf2 exhibiting a short half-life of approximately 20 min [ 6 ]. (springer.com)
  • Nrf2 stabilization and increase in its half-life even to 200 min [ 9 ] allows nuclear translocation and activation of transcription of cytoprotective genes (Fig. 1 ). (springer.com)
  • Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the intestinal epithelium initiates purine metabolite synthesis and promotes Th17 cell differentiation in the gut. (uni-kiel.de)
  • Under the influence of abiotic stress plant change their molecular and physiological fine tuning and try to cope up and maintain the molecular and physiological disturbance which obtained from stress environment. (scielo.br)
  • Moreover, to cope with stressful conditions, plants undergo growth and developmental arrest and prioritize defense responses, resulting in physiological and developmental alterations ( Lozano-Durán and Zipfel, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Originally discovered as axon guidance factors, they have been implicated in cancer progression, embryonal organogenesis, skeletal muscle innervation, and other physiological and developmental functions in different tissues. (biomed.news)
  • Interestingly, a recent study reported that topical appli- mation, ACD critically depends on adaptive immunity. (cdc.gov)
  • Acquired (adaptive) immunity requires prior exposure to an antigen to be fully effective and takes time to develop after the initial encounter with a new invader. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Aβ-mediated oxidative stress results in mitochondrial dysfunction, impairment of glucose metabolism, loss of proteostasis and synaptic plasticity, altered signal transduction, neuroinflammation, and progressive loss of neurons 9 . (nature.com)
  • PERK, (a component of the integrated stress response) then phosphorylates the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit −α (eIF2α), which results in global translational arrest. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In the present study, we demonstrate that IRE1α (also known as ERN1) and its downstream target, XBP1, are activated in skeletal muscle of mice upon injury. (elifesciences.org)
  • Overexpression of TaWRKY1 and TaWRKY33 activated several stress-related downstream genes, increased germination rates, and promoted root growth in Arabidopsis under various stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcription factors, with specific DNA-binding domains (DBD) and trans -acting functional domains, can combine with specific DNA sequences to activate or inhibit transcription of downstream genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play important roles in the pathogenesis of AD. (nature.com)
  • Our study identified 9 key genes associated with oxidative stress and immune reaction in AD pathogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Although the pathogenesis is complex, the decades of studies have illustrated that CD is caused by environmental factors that broke the mucosal barrier and increased the luminal antigens into the lamina propria [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • My special field of interest covers the functional analysis of disease-relevant genes for IBD and understanding how these candidate genes may contribute to disease pathogenesis. (uni-kiel.de)
  • The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has elicited a swift response by the scientific community to elucidate the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced lung injury and develop effective therapeutics. (ersjournals.com)
  • In this review we connect the current understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle and host response to the clinical presentation of COVID-19, borrowing concepts from influenza A virus-induced ARDS pathogenesis and discussing how these ideas inform our evolving understanding of COVID-19-induced ARDS. (ersjournals.com)
  • Our review explores influenza A virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a paradigm for understanding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced ARDS pathogenesis and ageing as a risk factor for severe disease. (ersjournals.com)
  • The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AD were screened in GSE48350 dataset. (nature.com)
  • The differentially expressed oxidative stress genes (DEOSGs) were analyzed by intersection of DEGs and oxidative stress-related genes. (nature.com)
  • Subsequent transcriptomic analysis identified genes differentially regulated by MeJA+NaCl treatment and NaCl alone. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, three independent microarray studies of CD were integrated and 9912 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analysed by NetworkAnalyst to screen candidate crucial genes. (hindawi.com)
  • The signal is transduced by cytoplasmatic kinases (such as IRAKs) and by other adaptors, such as tumor necrosis factor 6 (TRAF6). (wikipedia.org)
  • Using fibroblasts from RelA (p65)-deficient mice generated by gene targeting, we have investigated the role of this subunit of NF-κB in gene activation by microbial lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor α, and in possible synergism with the IFN-γ-signaling pathway. (rupress.org)
  • Secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1 could induce obesity- and diabetes mellitus (DM)-related inflammation, however its association with SG procedure has not been elucidated well. (researchgate.net)
  • ATF-3 induces DNA synthesis and expression of cyclin D1 in hepatocytes [ 21 ] and is involved in serum-induced cell proliferation as a target gene of c-myc [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Emerging data suggest that second-generation influenza vaccines with higher hemagglutinin (HA) antigen content and/or different production methods may induce stronger antibody responses to HA than standard-dose egg-based influenza vaccines in adults. (cdc.gov)
  • CONCLUSIONS: HD-IIV3 did not induce higher antibody responses than SD-IIV4, but, consistent with previous studies, RIV4 was associated with higher postvaccination antibody titers. (cdc.gov)
  • Plant/ crop productivity effected by the environmental strains such as water deficit condition (drought), Low temperature (cold), salt and High temperature (heat) these stresses disturb the signal transduction of gene regulatory systems of plants. (scielo.br)
  • Thus, LPS present in cell walls of gram-negative bacteria is recognized by cell surface receptors present on many different types of cells, and viral products such as double-stranded (ds)RNA molecules can activate intracellular kinases ( 1 , 2 ). (rupress.org)
  • Viral host range factors antagonize pathogenic SAMD9 and SAMD9L variants. (uni-kiel.de)
  • We have identified a Golgi stress response pathway which is dysregulated in HD. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Further taking all DEGs together, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) brought out the NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway which could be regulated by ELAVL1. (hindawi.com)
  • The integrated stress response is a signaling pathway activated in cancer cells in response to both dysregulated growth and metabolism, and also following exposure to many therapies that appears one such targetable pathway for improved treatment of these diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overview of the integrated stress response pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Knockdown of the C. elegans IMPACT homolog impt-1 activated the ISR pathway and increased lifespan and stress resistance of worms in a gcn-2 -dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IMPACT inhibits the ISR pathway, thus limiting the activation of stress response factors that are beneficial during aging and required under DR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, we found that isolated islets from Chop -/- mice displayed increased expression of UPR and oxidative stress response genes and reduced levels of oxidative damage. (jci.org)
  • The regulatory genes primarily the transcription factors that exert their activity by binding to certain cis DNA elements and consequently either up regulated or down regulate to target expression. (scielo.br)
  • In this disturbance the maintenance involve the gene expression under the stress either in the form of structural gene or regulatory. (scielo.br)
  • Overexpression of constitutive active DREB2A which had a transcriptional activation domain between residues 254 and 335 resulted in significant drought stress tolerance through regulates expression of many water stress-inducible genes [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mRNA expression of diagnostic genes was determined by qRT-PCR analysis. (nature.com)
  • Oxidative stress is involved in the modulation of gene expression patterns and metabolic activities, characterized by the disruption of redox homeostasis 7 . (nature.com)
  • Further weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) uncovered that turquoise and yellow gene modules were tightly linked to antioxidant enzymes activity and ion content, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
  • Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
  • Mechanistically, the highly activated JNK phosphorylated c-Jun and ATF2 formed a heterodimer to upregulate the expression of Galectin-1, leading to promoting cisplatin resistance in liver cancer. (ijbs.com)
  • Therefore, TNF-α and IL-1 gene expression on the abdominal aorta of obese and DM rats that went through SG procedure were evaluated.METHODS: Fifteen rats were divided into 3 groups: lean-non-DM rats model (C1 group), obese-DM rats model (C2 group), and obese-DM rats model underwent SG (T group). (researchgate.net)
  • However, little is known about the dynamic of infection in vivo, and information is lacking on both the intrinsic host response (gene expression) and its associated microbiota. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The control of MuSC state depends on the expression levels of myogenic transcription factors. (biomed.news)
  • Quantifying the exact expression levels of the mRNA isoforms encoding these myogenic transcription factors is therefore key to understanding how MuSCs switch between cell states. (biomed.news)
  • Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the bZIP transcription factor family genes in response to abiotic stress in Nicotiana tabacum L. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In most metazoans, GCN2 is one of the four known kinases that phosphorylate eukaryotic initiation factor 2, α subunit (eIF2α) to inhibit translation initiation [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the other hand, ATF-3 is rapidly induced in cells treated with growth stimulators such as serum and growth factors [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • and CD8 + T cells play a major role as beta cell killers [ 6 , 7 ]. (springer.com)
  • We advance the hypothesis that antigen presentation by beta cells, their stress responses and functional heterogeneity are critical factors that will provide clues towards solving the enigma posed by islet autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. (springer.com)
  • Single cells and organisms may adapt to harmful oxidative stress conditions, through stress-activated factors. (springer.com)
  • This activates cascade of events which, in the end, affects oxidative status of the cells and provides robust protection against oxidative challenge. (springer.com)
  • SLC22A17 ) in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells, which are present in vivo in a hyperosmotic/-tonic environment that activates canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lcn2-R upregulation and Lcn2 downregulation via Wnt/β-catenin may promote adaptive osmotolerant survival of IMCD cells in response to hyperosmolarity/-tonicity whereas Lcn2 upregulation and Lcn2-R downregulation via TLR-4 and/or normosmolarity/-tonicity may protect IMCD cells against bacterial infections and prevent autocrine death induction by Lcn2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL in humans, siderocalin/24p3 in rodents) or lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) is secreted by cells [ 6 ] in an Fe 3+ -free apo form, which binds Fe 3+ through association with bacterial siderophores (forming holo-Lcn2). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thereafter, we identified significant difference of infiltrated immune cells (effector memory CD8 T cell, activated B cell, memory B cell, natural killer cell, CD56 bright natural killer cell, natural killer T cell, plasmacytoid dendritic cell, and neutrophil) between AD and control samples. (nature.com)
  • Among the factors associated with CD in immune system, T cells were highlighted in CD pathology because about 200 CD risk loci are involved in T cell signaling [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, GSEA data show that NOD-like receptor signaling-associated gene signatures are enriched and the xCell analysis indicated that most T cells are significantly decreased in the three microarray studies, which could help in understanding the role of ELAVL1 and APP in the blood of CD patients. (hindawi.com)
  • Remarkably, Clec4a4+ eosinophils were instructed by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that imprints many gut immune cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Our results demonstrate that tumor growth, peritoneal dissemination and peritoneum or organ metastasis implanted MKN45 cells were significantly decreased in shAhR and Biseugenol-treated mice and that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was caused. (oncotarget.com)
  • Pvrl1 and Pvrl3 were knocked down in Hepa1-6 cells by using short hairpin RNAs. (stanford.edu)
  • Tumors from mice given anti-PD1 had larger numbers of memory CD8+ T cells (CD44+CD62L-KLRG1int) and T cells that expressed PD1, lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3), and TIGIT compared with mice not given the antibody. (stanford.edu)
  • In Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice and mice with tumors grown from Hepa1-6 cells, injection of the combination of anti-PD1 and anti-TIGIT significantly reduced tumor growth, increased the ratio of cytotoxic to regulatory T cells in tumors, and prolonged survival.PVRL1, which is up-regulated by HCC cells, stabilizes cell surface PVR, which interacts with TIGIT, an inhibitory molecule on CD8+ effector memory T cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Through hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) which elicits various molecular events, cells are able to overcome low O2. (stanford.edu)
  • Purpose: We have previously shown that TRDMT1 methyltransferase is a regulator of chemotherapy-associated responses in glioblastoma cells. (diagenode.com)
  • ii) TAMs release survival factors for cancer cells, which protect them from chemotherapeutics. (nutriforce.cn)
  • For example, muscle stem cells (MuSCs), located beneath the basal lamina, exist in the quiescent state but can transition to an activated, proliferative state upon injury. (biomed.news)
  • Bovine mammary epithelial cells after calving undergo serious metabolic challenges and oxidative stress both of which could compromise autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, effects of TFEB-mediated autophagy on the oxidative stress of bovine mammary epithelial cells remain unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, the main aim of the study was to investigate the role of TFEB-mediated autophagy in bovine mammary epithelial cells experiencing oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, TFEB-mediated autophagy in bovine mammary epithelial cells might play a positive role in response to oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is widely accepted that hypoxic stresses occur in most solid tumors. (nutriforce.cn)
  • Here, we applied complementary omic approaches, including dual RNAseq and 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding sequencing using Nanopore and short-read Illumina technologies to unravel the host-pathogen interplay in an experimental infection system using the tropical fish Platax orbicularis as model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Failure to execute these regulatory responses causes cell damage and inflammation or senescence, compromising cell survival and the ability to adapt to energetically demanding conditions. (nature.com)
  • Living organisms are frequently exposed to oxidative stress and toxic insults, like radiation, UV light, air pollution, toxins and others. (springer.com)
  • i) Hypoxia-induced release of chemoattractants results in enhanced TAM recruitment, which further amplifies the protumoral response. (nutriforce.cn)
  • The inflammation and coagulation response after ICH would accelerate the formation of brain edema around hematoma, resulting in a more severe and durable injury. (karger.com)
  • Regulated proteolysis as an element of ER stress and autophagy: Implications for intestinal inflammation. (uni-kiel.de)
  • Epithelial IL-23R Signaling Licenses Protective IL-22 Responses in Intestinal Inflammation. (uni-kiel.de)
  • Previous studies have shown that the bZIP TF family is involved in plant growth, development, and stress responses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • however, there is little research on the bZIP gene family in tobacco. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Drought and salinity stress severally affected in similar manner to plant and the leading cause of reduction in crop yield. (scielo.br)
  • Plants are being sessile in nature it can't move from one place to other places and contentiously exposed by extensive array of environmental stresses like as water deficit condition (drought), low temperature (cold), salt and high temperature (heat) etc. (scielo.br)
  • Plant stress including drought and salinity are widespread in various regions of the world, and existing constraints present at an agreed time. (scielo.br)
  • Drought stress is one of the major causes of crop loss. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, far less information is available on drought-responsive WRKY genes in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), one of the three staple food crops. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Forty eight putative drought-induced WRKY genes were identified from a comparison between de novo transcriptome sequencing data of wheat without or with drought treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The functional roles highlight the importance of WRKYs in stress response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These adaptive molecular and structural mechanisms increase respiration to maintain basic processes specific to cell types and tissues. (nature.com)
  • Being unable to move, plants have developed a series of complex mechanisms to cope with abiotic and biotic stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In C. elegans , different protocols of DR elicit different degrees of lifespan extension and stress resistance by often distinct and complementary mechanisms [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We argue that the impaired interferon-I and -III response of severe COVID-19 is reminiscent of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and influenza pathobiology, suggesting conserved virulence mechanisms among these viruses. (ersjournals.com)
  • Accumulating data also suggest that hypoxic stress in the tumor microenvironment promotes tumor escape mechanisms through the emergence of immune-resistant tumor variants and immune suppression. (nutriforce.cn)
  • In addition, CD8 + T cell transcriptional signatures were identified as reliable prognostic biomarkers in the blood of CD patients [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Epigenomic and transcriptional profiling identifies impaired glyoxylate detoxification in NAFLD as a risk factor for hyperoxaluria. (uni-kiel.de)
  • Induction of autophagy is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level and involves the master regulator, transcription factor EB (TFEB). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We demonstrate that mdPCR can give exact molecule counts per cell for mRNA isoforms encoding the myogenic transcription factor Pax3. (biomed.news)
  • Overexpression of TFEB activated autophagy and attenuated H 2 O 2 -induced ROS accumulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lowell, B. B. & Spiegelman, B. M. Towards a molecular understanding of adaptive thermogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Enrichment analysis was performed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. (nature.com)
  • They occasionally exhibit toxic, mutagenic or carcinogenic effects, or they modulate immune responses. (cdc.gov)