• In entomophilous species, lipids are major products of both sporophytic and gametophytic metabolism during pollen development. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, risperidone influences adipocyte metabolism, differentiation, and lipid accumulation-related functions through transcriptome analysis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Lipid metabolism is pivotal for the growth of apicomplexan parasites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcriptional analysis of ACBP-deficient parasites revealed differentially expressed genes involved in a wide range of biological processes such as lipid metabolism, posttranslational modification, and membrane biogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study provides a foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism of lipid metabolism in N. caninum . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lipids are crucial to the biology of all cells and organisms, acting not only as primary sources of energy but also as regulators of metabolism and growth, participating in various signaling networks [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • thus, there is an obvious need for an improved hepatocyte model to better understand how TM6SF2 impacts lipid metabolism.To address this need, we present an optimized protocol for the differentiation of inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs), created in collaboration with the Leong Lab. (columbia.edu)
  • We also demonstrate that HLCs express proteins essential for lipoprotein metabolism, secrete authentic VLDL particles, and respond to metabolic perturbations, supporting their value for modeling hepatosteatosis and VLDL metabolism in vitro. (columbia.edu)
  • To investigate the effect of TM6SF2 variant expression on hepatic lipid metabolism, we produced HLCs derived from 4 homozygous TM6SF2-carrier individuals (KK) and 4 age- and sex-matched unaffected siblings (EE). (columbia.edu)
  • After extensive confirmation of successful gene editing, we explore the effect of TM6SF2 on lipid metabolism in the edited iPSCs. (columbia.edu)
  • Lipid synthesis, metabolism and transport. (mpg.de)
  • Various disorders of lipid metabolism have characteristic patterns of organ involvement and clinical history, depending on the particular substrate that is stored. (medscape.com)
  • This pattern of expression coincided with accumulation of the intracellular storage and membrane lipid components of pollen. (nih.gov)
  • For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane domain (TMD) with lipid microdomains, must also be considered. (biologists.com)
  • In this Commentary, I review evidence in favor of the idea that partitioning of TMDs into bilayer domains that are endowed with distinct physico-chemical properties plays a pivotal role in the transport of membrane proteins within the early secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
  • The combination of such self-organizational phenomena with canonical intermolecular interactions is most likely to control the release of membrane proteins from the ER into the secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
  • This process depends on the general physico-chemical features of the cargo membrane protein and on the interactions of these features with the collective properties of the bilayer, instead of the one-to-one intermolecular interactions that exist between discrete signals and their receptors. (biologists.com)
  • Given the pivotal role that lipoproteins play at the juncture of these two conditions, researchers hypothesize that the ER-membrane spanning TM6SF2 protein regulates the degree of lipidation of VLDL particles synthesized in the liver. (columbia.edu)
  • Insertion of fluorescent lipid analogs: Fluorescent lipid analogs are an attractive way to examine lipid membrane organization. (achrinhibitor.com)
  • Simulation of huge patches of the model mitochondrial membrane filled with multiple copies from the translocase implies that CL connections persist in the current presence of protein-protein connections and suggests CL may mediate connections between translocases. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • The mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT also called the ADP/ATP carrier AAC) facilitates export of ATP outward over the internal membrane in to the cytoplasm in trade for import of ADP back to the matrix.1 That is driven with the electrochemical gradient over the internal membrane. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • The translocase is among the most abundant proteins in the mitochondrial internal membrane.2 Its abundance as well as the need for this transporter possess rendered it one of the better characterized members from the mitochondrial carrier (MC) family members which facilitate the motion of a variety of metabolites in and out of mitochondria.3 The translocase comes with an intimate relationship with an integral lipid in mitochondrial membranes cardiolipin (CL). (hiv-proteases.com)
  • The lipids of the Pralatrexate energy-minimized concatenated Personal computer membrane were then exchanged for any model mitochondrial membrane as explained above.34 The resultant system sizes were 65 nm × 65 nm × 14 nm containing 25 proteins and ~11000 lipids solvated by standard MARTINI water and neutralized by ~0.15 M NaCl. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Membrane lipids. (mpg.de)
  • In the tapetum, maximal expression of two marker genes for lipid biosynthesis (sad and ear) occurred at a bud length of 2-3 mm, and the corresponding gene products SAD and EAR were detected by Western blotting in 3-4 mm buds, coinciding with the maximal rates of tapetal lipid accumulation. (nih.gov)
  • Natural products belonging to the lipid II-binding family act as potent antimicrobial agents by disrupting cell wall biosynthesis via sequestering the late-stage intermediate lipid II. (duke.edu)
  • This work led to the discovery of a novel class I lasso peptide, arcumycin, and we validated a conserved mechanism of action for Actinobacteria-produced lasso peptides in targeting lipid II biosynthesis. (duke.edu)
  • In higher plants, FAD2 gene encodes the microsomal oleate Δ12-desaturase, one of the key enzymes essential for biosynthesis of polyunsaturated lipids that serve many important functions in plant development and stress responses. (researchsquare.com)
  • This paper reports on the kinetics of accumulation of these lipid classes during pollen maturation and the expression patterns of several lipid biosynthetic genes and their protein products that are differentially regulated in developing microspores/ pollen grains (gametophyte) and tapetal cells (sporophyte) of B. napus. (nih.gov)
  • The reduction of NR activity was accompanied by reduction of chlorophyll and accumulation of lipids. (hindawi.com)
  • Nitrogen stress, by NR inhibition or other technique, led to accumulation of lipid in microalgae cells but at the same time it severely reduces growth rate. (hindawi.com)
  • Risperidone promotes adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation through Oil Red O staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (frontiersin.org)
  • Risperidone increases adipocyte lipid accumulation by plausibly inhibiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation through targeting MAPK14 and MAPK8. (frontiersin.org)
  • Interestingly, some studies have linked risperidone-induced weight gain with lipolysis and considered that risperidone increases lipid accumulation by altering lipolysis ( 25 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Accumulation of palmitate in arabidopsis mediated by the acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase FATB1. (mpg.de)
  • The defective enzyme leads to lipid product accumulation, resulting in dysfunction of cellular organelles with a common storage place being the lysosome. (medscape.com)
  • Collectively, through each project we have gained a deeper understanding of the structural elements and biosynthetic pathways of lipid II-binding antimicrobials. (duke.edu)
  • Before entering lipid synthesis pathways, different kinds of acyl-CoA transporters which acts as the major carrier of acyl-CoAs, such as fatty acid binding protein (FABP), sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) and acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP), would activate and convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA esters via a reaction catalyzed by fatty acyl-CoA synthetase and transported to various metabolic locations [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In higher plants, the microsomal oleate Δ12 -desaturase (fatty acid desaturase 2, FAD2) is a hydrophobic endoplasmic reticulum protein, catalyzing the reaction from monounsaturated oleic acid (C18:1) to polyunsaturated linoleic acid (C18:2) by introducing a double bond between the 12th and 13th carbon atoms of C18:1 [1]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Secretory proteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles and then progress through the Golgi complex before delivery to their final destination. (biologists.com)
  • Biosynthetic and Chemical Investigation of Lipid II-Binding Antimicrobials. (duke.edu)
  • Through a series of bioactivity assays, we found the transfer to the acyl carrier protein (ACP) in a fatty acyl-AMP ligase (FAAL)-dependent manner determined the specificity of lipids selected in the biosynthetic process. (duke.edu)
  • and (iii) the intracellular storage lipids, which are mostly triacylglycerols. (nih.gov)
  • Through a series of minimally complex analogs, we determined non-proteinogenic amino acids and the N-acyl fatty acid moiety are essential for bioactivity. (duke.edu)
  • We have identified a cytosolic acyl-CoA binding protein, with highly conserved amino acid residues and a typical acyl-CoA binding domain in N. caninum . (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to the methods, a mixture of lipids containing a protonatable or deprotonatable lipid, for example an amino lipid and a lipid such as a PEG- or Polyamide oligomer-modified lipid is combined with a buffered aqueous solution of a charged therapeutic agent, for example polyanionic nucleic acids, to produce particles in which the therapeutic agent is encapsulated in a lipid vesicle. (justia.com)
  • Consequently, therapeutic oligonucleotides have tremendous potential for specificity of action (i.e. the down-regulation of a specific disease-related protein). (justia.com)
  • 2] The purpose of this article is to discuss the basic biology of lipoproteins, the pathophysiology of dyslipidemias, the interpretation of lipid levels in pediatric patients, dyslipidemia screening, and the management of pediatric lipid abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • The Pralatrexate current presence of CL is vital for maximal stability of the translocase (i.e. ?1per phosphate group) based on Pralatrexate experimental estimations.36 The acyl tails of PC and PE lipids were modeled as 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-tool to concatenate a system containing a single ANT1 molecule inlayed inside a PC bilayer onto a 5 × 5 grid (Figure S1). (hiv-proteases.com)
  • A fresh Computer bilayer was eventually assembled throughout the position-restrained (airplane towards the backbone particle of every proline residue within each one of the three Pralatrexate Px[D/E]xx[K/R] motifs from the proteins. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Lipids are the major structural elements of all biological membranes, serving as signaling molecules within and between cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, the insertion of BODIPY-lipids in membranes is deeper than that of NBD-analogs because of the higher hydrophobicity of BODIPY [74]. (achrinhibitor.com)
  • Lipid synthesis requires bulk carbon skeleton acyl-CoAs, the transport of which depends on the acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • RNA-sequencing and qPCR validation reveal that the Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 (SREBP2)-mediated transcriptional program regulating cholesterol synthesis is significantly increased in TM6SF2 KO iPSCs. (columbia.edu)
  • Our findings suggest that TM6SF2 may impact cholesterol localization within ER subdomains, which regulate expression levels of cholesterol synthesis genes and activities of ER lipid-raft associated enzymes. (columbia.edu)
  • This research provides a essential exemplory case of how computational microscopy enable you to reveal regulatory lipid-protein connections. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • The coat on the budding vesicle comprises two layers, an inner layer of adaptor proteins (gray ovals) and an outer layer that forms a polyhedral cage. (biologists.com)
  • Methods for the preparation of a lipid-nucleic acid composition are provided. (justia.com)
  • Intersecting analysis, molecular docking, and pathway validation analysis showed that risperidone influences the adipocytokine signaling pathway by targeting MAPK14 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 14), MAPK8 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 8), and RXRA (retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha), thereby inhibiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation by decreasing STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) expression and phosphorylation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, we investigated the impact of nitrogen stress on Dunaliella tertiolecta cells, lipid compositions, and most important proprieties of produced biodiesel. (hindawi.com)
  • Surface charges on the lipid particles are at least partially neutralized to provide surface-neutralized lipid-encapsulated compositions of the therapeutic agents. (justia.com)
  • This invention relates to compositions comprising a combination of a lipid and a therapeutic agent, particularly to lipid-nucleic acid compositions, for in vivo therapeutic use. (justia.com)
  • Such analogs can be directly inserted in the PM but also used to metabolically label more complex lipids after incorporation of the fluorescent precursor. (achrinhibitor.com)
  • Dietary restriction has shown promise for disorders such as lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (Wolman disease), as has incorporation of lipid-lowering drugs in the regimen along with sebelipase alpha, a recombinant enzyme replacement therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Risperidone upregulates fatty acid synthase (FASN) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression in hepatocyte cultures and mouse liver by targeting the hepatic SREBP-1c/FASN couple, which is also one of the mechanisms by which risperidone induces weight gain ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The biochemical basis of lipid storage disorders is well characterized and includes determining properties of enzymatic activities and various storage products. (medscape.com)
  • Investigations on the reaction pattern of photosystem II in leaves from Arabidopsis thaliana wild type plants and mutants with genetically modified lipid content. (mpg.de)
  • These lipids are released following tapetal cell disintegration and are relocated to form the major structural component of the extracellular tryphine layer that coats the mature pollen grain. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, in developing microspores/pollen grains, maximal expression of the lipid marker genes sad, ear, acp and cyb5 was at the 3-5 mm bud stages, with the SAD and EAR gene products detected in 4-7 mm buds. (nih.gov)
  • In: Plant lipids: Biology, utilization and manipulation, S. 123 - 161 (Hg. (mpg.de)
  • Lipid storage disorders are a family of diverse diseases related by their molecular pathology. (medscape.com)
  • [ 6 ] For most disorders, carrier identification and prenatal diagnosis are available as well. (medscape.com)
  • All lipid storage disorders are inherited in an autosomal-recessive fashion, except for Fabry disease and mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter disease), which are X-linked. (medscape.com)
  • Undoubtedly, the addition of fluorophores makes lipid analogs not equivalent to their endogenous counterpart. (achrinhibitor.com)
  • During this time period the backbone particle of an individual proline residue in each ANT1 molecule (Pro27) was restrained in the airplane thus enabling rotation and randomization of proteins orientations but stopping their translational motion. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • [ 1 , 2 ] Lipid substrates share a common structure, including a ceramide backbone (2- N -acyl-sphingosine), in which various sphingolipids are derived by substitution of hexoses, phosphorylcholine, or one or more sialic acid residues on terminal hydroxyl groups of the ceramide molecule. (medscape.com)
  • The recombinant NcACBP protein was expressed to verify the binding activities of NcACBP in vitro , and the heterologous expression of NcACBP in Δacbp yeast in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lipids can also act as pivotal pathogenetic factors that allow pathogens to escape immune responses, manipulate host processes, and develop disease [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nitrogen stress increases lipids content in microalgae, the main feedstock for algal biodiesel. (hindawi.com)
  • The resulting complex can down-regulate protein production by several mechanisms, including inhibition of mRNA translation into protein and/or by enhancement of RNase H degradation of the mRNA transcripts. (justia.com)
  • In TM6SF2 KO iPSCs, we further show a reduction in the activities of Acyl-Coenzyme A: Cholesterol Acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) and Phosphatidylserine Synthase 1 (PSS1), two enzymes that display optimal function when specifically localized to cholesterol enriched ER lipid raft-like domains. (columbia.edu)
  • Program of such restraints acted to avoid rotation from the proteins and translational "pursuing" from the restricted binding CL substances as they had been pulled away. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Transport by partitioning is distinct from both bulk flow and receptor-mediated transport, because differently from bulk flow, cargo can be concentrated in transport carriers, yet the concentrating process does not depend on specific cargo receptors ( Fig. 1 and Box 1 ). (biologists.com)
  • Nutritional stress like nitrogen deprivation, phosphorus starvation, and iron supplementation can enhance the lipid content in many microalgae species [ 8 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The first includes efforts to characterize the relationship between structural feature and bioactivity for the lipid II-binding CDA (calcium dependent antibiotic), malacidin. (duke.edu)
  • Apoprotein B-48 is a chylomicron structural protein. (medscape.com)
  • events have receptors stimulated with students( GAGs), unregulated chains docking of a inactive actin, all of an been protein respiration cell a considerable subunits. (evakoch.com)
  • The two major forms of circulating lipid in the body, triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol, are insoluble in plasma. (medscape.com)
  • Microalgae are one of the most promising sources of biomass for biodiesel production thanks to their high lipid content [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Some locks should be lifted starting by the improvement of growth rate and lipid content which are the key parameters of lipid productivity. (hindawi.com)
  • however, it needs some improvements of its lipid content [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • these lipids (predominantly TGs) are packaged by the intestinal mucosal cells into chylomicrons. (medscape.com)
  • ii) high labeling protein proportion which could cause fluorescence quenchingAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptProg Lipid Res. (achrinhibitor.com)
  • Previous studies have demonstrated that the quantity of lipids varies according to the change of growth conditions such as nutrients concentrations, light intensity, or temperature [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This enables microalgae to accumulate a significant amount of neutral lipids under stress conditions. (hindawi.com)
  • It is obvious that the seeds of different variety of cotton vary as grown in diverse agroclimatic conditions with respect to oil, fats and protein contents. (scielo.br)