• Although differing in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution, all isozymes of this family convert free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, and thereby play a key role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fatty acid-binding proteins are low molecular weight (100-130 aa) chaperones for long chain fatty acids, fatty acyl CoA esters, eicosanoids, retinols, retinoic acids and related metabolites and are usually regarded as being responsible for allowing the otherwise hydrophobic ligands to be mobile in aqueous media. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
  • The NcACBP recombinant protein was able to specifically bind acyl-CoA esters in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Before entering lipid synthesis pathways, different kinds of acyl-CoA transporters which acts as the major carrier of acyl-CoAs, such as fatty acid binding protein (FABP), sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) and acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP), would activate and convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA esters via a reaction catalyzed by fatty acyl-CoA synthetase and transported to various metabolic locations [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because of its acyl-CoA binding domain, ACBD5 has been assumed to function as an intracellular carrier of acyl-CoA esters. (bmj.com)
  • They have a glycerol backbone bound to the esters of three fatty acids, and form following a condensation reaction. (biocrates.com)
  • Simple triglycerides, where all three fatty acid esters are the same, take their common name from the fatty acid from which they are derived, such as palmitin, derived from palmitic acid. (biocrates.com)
  • LCFA-CoA esters promote their own oxidation by acting as allosteric inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which reduces the production of malonyl-CoA and relieves inhibition of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1, thereby promoting LCFA-CoA transport into the mitochondria for β-oxidation2-6. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Here we report a new level of regulation wherein LCFA-CoA esters per se allosterically activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) β1-containing isoforms to increase fatty acid oxidation through phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP) is responsible for the transport of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and corresponding CoA-esters across the peroxisomal membrane. (elifesciences.org)
  • The adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP) or ABCD1 is an ABC transporter that participates in the transport of free very long-chain fatty acids and their CoA esters across the peroxisomal membrane. (elifesciences.org)
  • Escherichia coli FadR, a member of the GntR family of transcription factors, plays dual roles in fatty acid metabolism. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • [13] CoA is important in energy metabolism for pyruvate to enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) as acetyl-CoA, and for α-ketoglutarate to be transformed to succinyl-CoA in the cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, our results showed that VK2 can significantly influence the expression of genes related to fat metabolism, including those that regulate fatty acid elongation, desaturation, and synthesis of fatty acid-CoA. (frontiersin.org)
  • The intestinal microbiota impact obesity, fatty liver diseases, and weight loss by way of the ability to induce the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism ( 6 , 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a large group of rare genetic diseases that generally result from a defect in an enzyme or transport protein which results in a block in a metabolic pathway. (medscape.com)
  • Inborn errors of metabolism describes a class of over 1000 inherited disorders caused by mutations in genes coding for proteins that function in metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • ACADL is not only a key protein in the liver metabolism, but also an important regulator in lipid metabolism [ 8 , 9 ]. (animbiosci.org)
  • Alterations in six metabolic pathways were found on D 17 and D 45, including variations in the level of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, glycerolipid metabolism, folate biosynthesis, and tyrosine metabolism. (nature.com)
  • Certain maternal metabolism pathways change due to the nutrient transport during early pregnancy. (nature.com)
  • The formation of propionyl CoA in human metabolism is derived from many sources, chiefly catabolism of a number of essential amino acids (isoleucine, valine, threonine, methionine). (medscape.com)
  • Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) play important roles in cellular energy metabolism, acting as both an important energy source and signalling molecules1. (mcmaster.ca)
  • The instructions for building nearly all the enzymes involved in metabolism are stored as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the nucleus of the cell. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Ammonia is a product of the metabolism of proteins and other compounds, and it is required for the synthesis of essential cellular compounds. (medscape.com)
  • The senescent status of iNKT cells from the patients was further illustrated by cell-cycle arrest, impaired telomere maintenance, perturbed calcium transport-related biological processes, and altered metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
  • OBJECTIVES: Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of the fatty acid oxidative metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
  • Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3, mitochondrial (EC 6.2.1. (joplink.net)
  • How do Fatty Acyl-CoA's pass the mitochondrial intermembrane space? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • On the other hand, rhabdomyolysis triggered by fasting, fever, or physical activity usually occurs in patients with disorders affecting intramitochondrial fatty acid transport and β-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency (CPT2), mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency and very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCAD). (ac.ir)
  • Molecular basis of human mitochondrial very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency causing cardiomyopathy and sudden death in childhood. (ac.ir)
  • The diagram (top left corner) shows long chain fatty acids going through the plasma membrane converted to acyl CoA within the mitochondrion (between the mitochondrial double membranes) where it combines with carnitine (catalyzed by CPT I) to produce acylcarnitine, which can cross the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). (mcatquestionoftheday.com)
  • My research is primarily focused on understanding the regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics, with a particular interest in studying fatty acid oxidation (breakdown of fat yielding energy) in skeletal and cardiac muscle. (uoguelph.ca)
  • I use a variety of techniques to examine mitochondrial function (isolated mitochondria, permeabilized fibres, whole muscle incubations), use molecular biological approaches to up-and down-regulate mitochondrial proteins, as well exercise, altered nutrition and aerobic training to study novel regulation in mitochondrial bioenergetics. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Alpha-Linolenic Acid Supplementation Prevents Exercise-Induced Improvements in White Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Whole-Body Glucose Homeostasis in Obese Zucker Rats. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Mcl1 antiapoptotic protein is produced by Mtb -infected alveolar macrophages and is important for interrupting apoptosis in infected macrophages by regulating the mitochondrial membrane and blocking the release of cytochrome C and DNA-degrading enzymes [ 7 ⎼ 9 ]. (ajgreenchem.com)
  • Thapa D , Manning JR, Stoner MW, Zhang M, Xie B, Scott I. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of GCN5L1 in mice restricts mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation in response to a high fat diet. (wvu.edu)
  • In view of the absence of client dehydrogenases, for example, the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases involved in the β-oxidation of fatty acids, d-lactate dehydrogenase 2 (Dld2) appeared to be the only relevant enzyme that is serviced by yETF for electron transfer to the mitochondrial electron transport chain. (elsevierpure.com)
  • [ 12 ] The activity of key mitochondrial enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, β-oxidation, and the electron transport system, conversely, were unchanged, [ 12 ] leaving many unanswered questions regarding the effects of CR on muscle-specific mitochondrial function in humans. (medscape.com)
  • Constant or progressive proximal and axial muscle weakness associated with or without metabolic crisis, is often seen in patients with LSM such as primary carnitin deficiency (PCD) or multiple acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency disorder (MADD). (ac.ir)
  • Multiple acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency shows a possible founder effect and is the most frequent cause of lipid storage myopathy in Iran. (ac.ir)
  • Very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SLC27A2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • These findings suggest that NDGA ameliorates hypertriglyceridemia and steatosis primarily by inhibiting lipogenesis and enhancing fatty acid catabolism in three major insulin responsive tissues by altering the expression of key enzyme genes and transcription factors involved in de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pantothenic acid is phosphorylated to 4′-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme pantothenate kinase . (wikipedia.org)
  • Most are due to a defect in an enzyme or transport protein, which results in a block in a metabolic pathway. (medscape.com)
  • Dr. Remaley's laboratory also investigates lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT), a plasma enzyme that esterifies cholesterol with a fatty acid, which sequesters it on HDL and facilitates its removal from the body. (nih.gov)
  • eg PKU - without this enzyme an amino acid (called phenylalanine) rises to harmful levels and can lead to developmental delay. (nsu.govt.nz)
  • Thapa D , Manning JR, Mushala BAS, Stoner MW, Zhang M, Scott I. Increased fatty acid oxidation enzyme activity in the hearts of mice fed a high fat diet does not correlate with improved cardiac contractile function. (wvu.edu)
  • an enzyme defective within a particular organ or tissue, such as the liver , muscle , or brain , might lead to low energy production or prevent transport to the part of the body requiring energy. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, of a GntR/FadR family protein acting as a fatty acid-responsive transcriptional regulator in M. tuberculosis , suggesting a possible role for this protein in mycolic acid biosynthesis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Regulation of transcription of genes required for fatty acid transport and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli by FadR. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • It is synthesized from the amino acid β-alanine and pantoic acid (see biosynthesis and structure of coenzyme A figures). (wikipedia.org)
  • The biosynthesis requires pantothenic acid, cysteine, and four equivalents of ATP (see figure). (wikipedia.org)
  • It is an essential component of the carnitine cycle that regulates the transport of long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria where fatty acid oxidation takes place. (orpha.net)
  • A group of fats called long-chain fatty acids must be attached to a substance known as carnitine to enter mitochondria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Once these fatty acids are joined with carnitine, the CACT protein transports them into mitochondria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Without enough functional CACT protein, long-chain fatty acids cannot be transported into mitochondria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Acylcarnitines are formed in the mitochondria by esterification between carnitine and acyl-CoAs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fatty acid transporter proteins (FATPs) are a family (SLC27) of six transporters (FATP1-6). (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • DNA microarray expression profiling indicated that dietary administration of NDGA upregulated the expression of certain genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and their transcription regulator, PPARα, decreased the expression of a number of lipogenic genes and relevant transcription factors, and differentially impacted the genes of fatty acid transporters, acetyl CoA synthetases, elongases, fatty acid desaturases and lipid clearance proteins in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Note that, according to the diagram, carnitine and acylcarnitine are not membrane transporters but rather they are transported through membrane transporters (i.e. (mcatquestionoftheday.com)
  • Dr. Remaley's laboratory is now focused on how the ABCA1 transporter interacts with other intracellular proteins, as well as with extracellular cholesterol acceptor proteins, such as apoA-I, during the cholesterol efflux process. (nih.gov)
  • Overexpression of Rv0494 in Mycobacterium bovis BCG reduced the basal level expression of kas operon genes, thereby suggesting the repressor nature of this protein in fatty acid synthase II regulation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Proliferation was characterized by enrichment in genes involved in basic cellular and metabolic processes (transcription, ribosome biogenesis, translation and protein folding), cellular remodelling and autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neutral lipid storage disease with fatty liver and cholestasis. (ac.ir)
  • Caffeine, the main component of coffee, has showed its protective effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in many studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, this study's intentions are to establish a NAFLD model of zebrafish larvae and to examine the role of caffeine on fatty liver with the model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Growth and the incidence of fatty liver of zebrafish larvae increased with the increased amount of feeding in a dose-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They help transport fat and glucose from the liver, circulating continuously throughout the vascular system. (biocrates.com)
  • While triglycerides play an essential role in human health, elevated levels are associated with health problems such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and pancreatitis. (biocrates.com)
  • Bile salts in the liver break the fat into micelles, which are hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase to form fatty acids and monoglycerides ( Bayly 2014 ). (biocrates.com)
  • During periods of fasting, fatty acids are also an important energy source for the liver and other tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Fatty acids and long-chain acylcarnitines (fatty acids still attached to carnitine) may also build up in cells and damage the liver, heart, and muscles. (medlineplus.gov)
  • HDL, which is a complex of the protein apoA-I with phospholipids, removes excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues, such as the arterial wall, and transports it to the liver and intestine for excretion from the body. (nih.gov)
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) parallels the global obesity epidemic with unmet therapeutic needs. (springer.com)
  • The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is constantly increasing, currently affecting a quarter of people worldwide [ 1 ]. (springer.com)
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most significant forms of chronic liver disease worldwide, is characterized by hepatic steatosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Sources of ammonia include bacterial hydrolysis of urea and other nitrogenous compounds in the intestine, the purine-nucleotide cycle and amino acid transamination in skeletal muscle, and other metabolic processes in the kidneys and liver. (medscape.com)
  • Lipoproteins synthesized by the liver transport endogenous triglycerides and cholesterol. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) contain apoprotein B-100 (apo B), are synthesized in the liver, and transport TGs and cholesterol to peripheral tissues. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycerol-3-phosphate is first acylated with acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) to form lysophosphatidic acid, which is then acylated with another molecule of acyl-CoA to yield phosphatidic acid. (hmdb.ca)
  • [6] All animals need pantothenic acid in order to synthesize coenzyme A (CoA)-essential for metabolizing fatty acid-and to synthesize and metabolize proteins , carbohydrates , and fats . (wikipedia.org)
  • Coenzyme A is necessary in the reaction mechanism of the citric acid cycle . (wikipedia.org)
  • Long-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (ACADL) is the first step in catalytic fatty acid oxidation and plays an important role in long-chain fatty acid oxidation including expression regulation and activity regulation. (animbiosci.org)
  • Phosphatidic acid is then de-phosphorylated to form diacylglycerol.Diacylglycerols are precursors to triacylglycerols (triglyceride), which are formed by the addition of a third fatty acid to the diacylglycerol under the catalysis of diglyceride acyltransferase. (hmdb.ca)
  • Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), the main metabolite of Creosote Bush, has been shown to have profound effects on the core components of metabolic syndrome, including lowering of blood glucose, free fatty acids and triglyceride levels, attenuating elevated blood pressure in several rodent models of dyslipidemia, and improving body weight, insulin resistance, diabetes and hypertension. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Through de novo lipogenesis (DNL), these are then turned back into triglycerides in enterocytes, combining cholesterol and proteins to form chylomicrons, which are triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. (biocrates.com)
  • In the capillaries of adipose and muscle tissue, apoprotein C-II (apo C-II) on the chylomicron activates endothelial lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to convert 90% of chylomicron triglyceride to fatty acids and glycerol, which are taken up by adipocytes and muscle cells for energy use or storage. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These are glycerolipids lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acyl group is esterified. (hmdb.ca)
  • It is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages. (hmdb.ca)
  • Since diacylglycerols are synthesized via phosphatidic acid, they will usually contain a saturated fatty acid at the C-1 position on the glycerol moiety and an unsaturated fatty acid at the C-2 position. (hmdb.ca)
  • Background information: A membrane transport protein (= transporter) helps move ions or molecules across the plasma membrane. (mcatquestionoftheday.com)
  • Although mutations in the SLC25A20 gene change the structure of the CACT protein in different ways, they all lead to a shortage (deficiency) of the transporter. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Tangier disease, a rare genetic disorder characterized decades ago by Dr. Donald S. Frederickson at the NIH, is defective in the ABCA1 transporter and provided an early clue to the importance of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Functional and structural characterization of human adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP). (elifesciences.org)
  • This process is the body's primary catabolic pathway and is essential in breaking down the building blocks of the cell such as carbohydrates , amino acids and lipids , for fuel. (wikipedia.org)
  • ¼ protein, ¼ carbohydrates and ½ vegetables. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
  • Single gene defects result in abnormalities in the synthesis or catabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, or complex molecules. (medscape.com)
  • A metabolic disorder is any disease or disorder that negatively affects the biochemical reactions through which individual animal cells process nutrient molecules (such as the components of carbohydrates , proteins , and fats ) to yield energy or perform the functions necessary to sustain life (such as building complex molecules and creating cellular structure). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Cholesterol is a ubiquitous constituent of cell membranes, steroids, bile acids, and signaling molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Monoglycerides, FFAs, and free cholesterol are then solubilized in the intestine by bile acid micelles, which shuttle them to intestinal villi for absorption. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The lipids need to be attached to the proteins so they can move through the blood. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
  • All lipids are hydrophobic and mostly insoluble in blood, so they require transport within lipoproteins. (msdmanuals.com)
  • His laboratory has developed small synthetic peptide mimetics of apoA-I, and like the full-length protein, these peptides mobilize excess cholesterol from cells and have been shown to reduce atherosclerosis and inflammation in animal models. (nih.gov)
  • At biocrates, we use a nomenclature where one fatty acid is counted individually and the other two are summed. (biocrates.com)
  • VLCAD (very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency). (nsu.govt.nz)
  • Catalyzes the initial reaction in intramitochondrial fatty acid synthesis, by activating malonate and methylmalonate, but not acetate, into their respective CoA thioester. (joplink.net)
  • Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (HADHA) and Long Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (LCAD) catalyze the oxidation of long chain fatty acids, whereas pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) catalyzes glucose oxidation in the heart. (wvu.edu)
  • Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency is a life-threatening, inherited disorder of fatty acid oxidation which usually presents in the neonatal period with severe hypoketotic hypoglycemia, hyperammonemia, cardiomyopathy and/or arrhythmia, hepatic dysfunction, skeletal muscle weakness, and encephalopathy. (orpha.net)
  • This gene provides instructions for making a protein called carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT). (medlineplus.gov)
  • We have identified a cytosolic acyl-CoA binding protein, with highly conserved amino acid residues and a typical acyl-CoA binding domain in N. caninum . (biomedcentral.com)
  • It differs from most FeS clusters in that two of the amino acid residues that This proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane creates a power, i.e. (rehabsociety.org.hk)
  • Phenylketonuria (PKU) and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency with respective incidences of 1 in 10,000 and 1 in 20,000 are among the most prevelant. (medscape.com)
  • Most metabolic disorders are inherited from one or both parents who carry a defective gene that regulates a particular protein in a class of the body's cells. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Specific acylcarnitines accumulate as a result of various organic acidurias and fatty acid oxidation disorders, and, thus, acylcarnitines profiles are used for the diagnosis of these disorders. (bvsalud.org)
  • Other metabolites such as glucose, fructose, acetate and the branched-chain amino acids leucine and isoleucine also serve as precursors of acetyl-CoA and contribute carbons to the de novo synthesis of fatty acids that will enter DNL ( Wallace 2020 ). (biocrates.com)
  • Triglycerides are complex molecules used for the storage and transport of non-soluble fatty acids in the body. (biocrates.com)
  • Each involves the enzymatic conversion of fatty acids into acyl-CoA molecules. (biocrates.com)
  • The Stony Brook group subsequently discovered that CBD and THC can act as endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitors by displacing anandamide from FABP transport molecules, which prolongs the activity of endocannabinoids at the surface of neurons and other cells. (projectcbd.org)
  • NOESY, nuclear Overhauser fatty acid, only eight water molecules are effect spectroscopy. (lu.se)
  • Consuming less than 20% of energy from fat does not benefit performance, since fat, which is an energy source, a vehicle for fat-soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids, is essential in the diet of athletes [2]. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • The 2005 Dietary Guidelines, as well as the Canadian Food Guide, recommend that the energy proportion of the total energy value supplied from fatty acids be 10% composed of saturated, 10% polyunsaturated and 10% monounsaturated, as well as inclusion of sources of essential fatty acids, which should vary between 8 to 10g per day. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • Our studies showed that ACBD5 deficiency leads to accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) due to impaired peroxisomal β-oxidation. (bmj.com)
  • Background Acyl-CoA binding domain containing protein 5 (ACBD5) is a peroxisomal membrane protein with a cytosolic acyl-CoA binding domain. (bmj.com)
  • Fatty acids have chains of varying numbers of carbon atoms, which are joined either by single bonds (saturated fats), double bonds (unsaturated fats), or multiple double bonds (polyunsaturated fats). (biocrates.com)
  • This protein is essential for fatty acid oxidation, a multistep process that breaks down (metabolizes) fats and converts them into energy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In 2009, scientists at Stony Brook identified fatty-acid binding proteins (FABPs) that shuttle endocannabinoids around the cell. (projectcbd.org)
  • Thus the figure suggests carnitine attaches to a fatty acid thus the fatty acid is a part of the acylcarnitine molecule. (mcatquestionoftheday.com)
  • a single fatty acid molecule with high af®nity in Cistola et al. (lu.se)
  • They can act as transport proteins, regulator proteins, or activator proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • The lipidomic analysis showed that disruption of NcACBP caused no obvious changes in the overall abundance and turnover of fatty acids while knockout resulted in the accumulation of triacylglycerol. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Accumulation of the 3-carbon fatty acyl-CoA within the mitochondrion leads to decreased free CoA for other reactions, which is alleviated by conversion of propionyl CoA to propionyl-carnitine. (medscape.com)
  • Escherichia coli unsaturated fatty acid synthesis: complex transcription of the fabA gene and in vivo identification of the essential reaction catalyzed by FabB. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The cytochrome b6f complex occupies a central position in the sequence of photosynthetic electron transport carriers, oxidizing plastoquinol (PQH 2) and providing the electron transfer connection between the two reaction center complexes, PS II and PS I, to which H + transfer is coupled, thus contributing to the trans-membrane. (rehabsociety.org.hk)
  • Here, we report the biochemical properties of yETF and Dld2 as well as the electron transfer reaction between the two proteins. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Escherichia coli FadR positively regulates transcription of the fabB fatty acid biosynthetic gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This study examined the effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as different n-6: n-3 ratios on spatial learning and gene expression of peroxisome- proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the hippocampus of rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of this study was to clone the mRNA sequence of the Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain ( ACADL ) gene of goats and explore the effect of ACADL on the differentiation of subcutaneous fat cells on this basis. (animbiosci.org)
  • A defective gene and its protein product leads to thick sticky mucus. (nsu.govt.nz)
  • We have shown that FadR Mt (Rv0494) directly binds to long-chain fatty acyl-CoA and that binding quenches the intrinsic fluorescence of the purified protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Studies suggest that the underlying cause of the hyperammonemia is the inhibition of N -acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) activity by free propionic acid. (medscape.com)
  • Mtb has a complex cell wall made up of mycolic acids (long-chain fatty acids with 60 to 90 carbon atoms), glycolipids, peptidoglycan, and proteins. (ajgreenchem.com)
  • Obviously, enhanced dietary protein intake has the same net effect by flooding the mitochondrion with propionyl CoA. (medscape.com)