• Glycerol-3-phosphate is first acylated with acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) to form lysophosphatidic acid, which is then acylated with another molecule of acyl-CoA to yield phosphatidic acid. (hmdb.ca)
  • The biosynthesis of triacylglycerol is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and starts with glycerol 3-phosphate reacting with acyl-CoA through a glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase resulting in the release of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). (smpdb.ca)
  • Second, the mitochondrial outer membrane enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase esterifies an acyl-group to the sn-1 position of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA). (smpdb.ca)
  • Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAT) is a key enzyme in biosynthesis pathway of vegetable oil in plant. (chinacrops.org)
  • We constructed a full-length cDNA library of peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ) seed via a large number of sequences of expressed sequence tag (EST) and gene functional annotation, a lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase gene, designated AhLPAT, and its genomic DNA sequence were isolated from peanut. (chinacrops.org)
  • Cloning and Expression Analysis of Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase (LPAT) Encoding Gene in Peanut[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38(02): 245-255. (chinacrops.org)
  • 2]Maisonneuve S, Bessoule J J, Lessire R, Delseny M, Roscoe T J. Expression of rapeseed microsomal lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase isozymes enhances seed oil content in Arabidopsis. (chinacrops.org)
  • Catalyzes the transfer of an acyl group from acyl-ACP to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) to form lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). (cusabio.com)
  • First, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (or glycerone phosphate) from glycolysis is used by the cytosolic enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] to synthesize sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. (smpdb.ca)
  • In the sixth step of the glycolytic pathway, the first step of the second phase, the payoff phase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12) catalyses the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG), with the concomitant reduction of NAD + to NADH. (imingo.net)
  • [4] Trifunctional protein deficiency is characterized by decreased activity of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD), long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase, and long-chain thiolase. (wikidoc.org)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74323","adhE","Escherichia coli","fused acetaldehyde-CoA dehydrogenase/iron-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase/pyruvate-formate lyase deactivase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • These alterations were also associated with a higher expression of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase, lipophorin and lipophorin receptor genes in the fat body. (bvsalud.org)
  • Functional annotation resulted in the identification of almost all genes involved in diverse lipid-metabolic pathways, including the novel fatty acid desaturase/epoxygenase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and 2, and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferases. (researchsquare.com)
  • We have identified a cytosolic acyl-CoA binding protein, with highly conserved amino acid residues and a typical acyl-CoA binding domain in N. caninum . (biomedcentral.com)
  • To be available for TAG synthesis, carbons from sucrose must first be converted to pyruvate through cytosolic or plastidic glycolytic pathways and at some point be imported into the plastid to yield acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) which feeds fatty acid (FA) synthesis with carbon backbones. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In enzymology, a glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, whereas its two products are CoA and 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT1) is the enzyme that catalyzes the first reaction of the carnitine shuttle, where the activated fatty acid, acyl-CoA, is converted to acyl-carnitine to be transported into the mitochondria. (bvsalud.org)
  • The enzyme 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase converts LPA into phosphatidic acid (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) by esterifying an acyl-group to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. (smpdb.ca)
  • Last, the enzyme diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase synthesizes triacylglycerol from diacylglycerol and a fatty acyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
  • This enzyme can also utilize acyl-CoA as fatty acyl donor, but not acyl-PO(4). (cusabio.com)
  • Trifunctional enzyme subunit beta, mitochondrial (TP-beta) also known as 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase , acetyl-CoA acyltransferase , or beta-ketothiolase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HADHB gene . (wikidoc.org)
  • Formation of 1-acylglycerol 3-phosphate from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and palmityl coenzyme A". Eur. (wikipedia.org)
  • The diacylglycerol reacts in the endoplasmic reticulum with an acyl-CoA through a diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase resulting in the release of coenzyme A and a triacylglycerol. (smpdb.ca)
  • These are acyl CoAs where the group acylated to the coenzyme A moiety is a long aliphatic chain of 13 to 21 carbon atoms. (ymdb.ca)
  • The HADHB protein catalyzes the final step of beta-oxidation, in which 3-ketoacyl CoA is cleaved by the thiol group of another molecule of Coenzyme A . The thiol is inserted between C-2 and C-3, which yields an acetyl CoA molecule and an acyl CoA molecule, which is two carbons shorter. (wikidoc.org)
  • All the carbon atoms in cholesterol are provided by acetyl coenzyme A (CoA), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate provides the reducing equivalents. (pharmacy180.com)
  • The rate-limiting and regulated step in cholesterol synthesis is catalyzed by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum-membrane protein, hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, which produces mevalonate from HMG CoA. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Phosphatidic acid reacts with water through a phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase 1 resulting in the release of a phosphate and a diacylglycerol. (smpdb.ca)
  • The enzymes studied were: mitochondrial and microsomal forms of glycerolphosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), Mg2+-dependant phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PPH), fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (FAS) and monoacyl-glycerolphosphate acyltransferase (MGPAT). (bl.uk)
  • Lipolysis /lɪˈpɒlɪsɪs/ is the metabolic pathway through which lipid triglycerides are hydrolyzed into a glycerol and three fatty acids. (imingo.net)
  • The TAG biosynthesis pathways, including the acyl-CoA-dependent Kennedy pathway and the acyl-CoA-independent pathway, have been predicted in thraustochytrids, while th. (mysciencework.com)
  • The entire pathway for triacylglycerol synthesis consists of four enzymatic steps, which catalyze sequential reactions starting from sn -glycerol-3-phosphate and ending with triacylglycerol (TG) ( Fig. 1 ). (aocs.org)
  • This pathway begins with the acylation of glycerol-3-phosphate (G-3-P) by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) at the sn -1 position followed by a second acylation of lysophosphatidate (LPA) at the sn -2 position by lysophosphatidate acyltransferases (LPAATs). (aocs.org)
  • The pathway is driven by hydrolysis of the high-energy thioester bond of acetyl CoA and the terminal phosphate bond of adenosine triphosphate. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Diacylglycerol is a precursor to triacylglycerol (triglyceride), which is formed in the addition of a third fatty acid to the diacylglycerol under the catalysis of diglyceride acyltransferase . (wikidoc.org)
  • A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. (smpdb.ca)
  • By comparison, we found that various genes associated with acyl editing, fatty acid β-oxidation, triacylglycerol assembly and oil-body formation had greater expression levels at middle developmental stage (38 DAP), which are consistent with the fast accumulation of EFA in V. galamensis developing seed, implying their fundamental roles in EFA production. (researchsquare.com)
  • The phosphatidate formed is dephosphorylated by the PAP activity of the lipins and lastly diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) act on diacylglycerol (DG) to form triacylglycerol (TG). (aocs.org)
  • 31785) acetyl-CoA carboxylase%2C biotin carboxylase CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0038 complement(31809. (go.jp)
  • Shown on the right is 1- palmitoyl -2- oleoyl - glycerol but diacylglycerol can have many different combinations of fatty acids attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. (wikidoc.org)
  • Fatty acids provide the acyl skeleton for lipid synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Before entering lipid synthesis pathways, different kinds of acyl-CoA transporters which acts as the major carrier of acyl-CoAs, such as fatty acid binding protein (FABP), sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) and acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP), would activate and convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA esters via a reaction catalyzed by fatty acyl-CoA synthetase and transported to various metabolic locations [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lipolysis is the metabolic process through which triacylglycerols (TAGs) break down via hydrolysis into their constituent molecules: glycerol and free fatty acids (FFAs). (imingo.net)
  • SCIRP: Food and Nutrition Sciences, Vol. In this process, both in vivoand in cultur… This binding will likewise lead to the cAMP/PKA-led phosphorylation of hormone sensitive lipase, that will ultimately drive the release of free fatty acids and glycerol. (imingo.net)
  • To obtain energy from fat, triglycerides must first be broken down by hydrolysis into their two principal components, fatty acids and glycerol. (imingo.net)
  • Apo C-II activates endothelial lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which degrades the TAG in chylomicrons to fatty acids and glycerol. (pharmacy180.com)
  • It is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages. (hmdb.ca)
  • We report on the existence of two phosphatidic acid biosynthetic pathways in mycobacteria, a classical one wherein the acylation of the sn -1 position of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) precedes that of sn -2 and another wherein acylations proceed in the reverse order. (mysciencework.com)
  • Two unique acyltransferases, PlsM and PlsB2, participate in both pathways and hold th. (mysciencework.com)
  • Phosphatidic acid is then de-phosphorylated to form diacylglycerol.Diacylglycerols are precursors to triacylglycerols (triglyceride), which are formed by the addition of a third fatty acid to the diacylglycerol under the catalysis of diglyceride acyltransferase. (hmdb.ca)
  • Since diacylglycerols are synthesized via phosphatidic acid, they will usually contain a saturated fatty acid at the C-1 position on the glycerol moiety and an unsaturated fatty acid at the C-2 position. (hmdb.ca)
  • Since diacylglycerol is synthesized via phosphatidic acid, it will usually contain a saturated fatty acid at the C-1 position on the glycerol moiety and an unsaturated fatty acid at the C-2 position. (wikidoc.org)
  • This, in turn, reacts with an acyl-CoA through a lipase complex resulting in the release of CoA and phosphatidic acid. (smpdb.ca)
  • Monoacylglycerol reacts with monoglyceride lipase resulting in the release of a fatty acid in glycerol. (smpdb.ca)
  • Proliferation cluster comprised 1028 genes up-regulated from days 3 to 8 of culture meanwhile the differentiation cluster was characterized by 2140 induced genes from days 15 to 21. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Solubilisation of the mitochondrial GPAT activity resulted in an increase in Km for glycerol-3-phosphate and sensitivity to N-ethylmaleimide. (bl.uk)
  • Conserved domains prediction indicated that AhLPAT comprised a typical conserved acyltransferase domain and a conserved lysophospholipid acyltransferases domain. (chinacrops.org)
  • They function to keep lipids (primarily triacyl-glycerol [TAG] and cholesteryl esters) soluble as they transport them between tissues. (pharmacy180.com)
  • In the fat body, lipid oxidation activity did not show any variation before or at different days after feeding, and was not affected by the presence of etomoxir or malonyl-CoA. (bvsalud.org)
  • Regulated by malonyl CoA. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74850","yeaD","Escherichia coli","D-hexose-6-phosphate epimerase-like protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Palmityl-CoA, also known as palmitoyl CoA or CoA, palmitoyl, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acyl coas. (ymdb.ca)
  • Recent works have shown an inhibitory effect of long chain acyl-CoAs, such as palmitoyl-CoA and oleoyl-CoA, on ATGL activity. (imingo.net)
  • Although inositol triphosphate (IP 3 ) diffuses into the cytosol , diacylglycerol (DAG) stays close to the plasma membrane , due to its hydrophobic properties. (wikidoc.org)
  • The NcACBP recombinant protein was able to specifically bind acyl-CoA esters in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
  • CGI-58, at least in vitro, also acts as an acyl-CoA-dependent acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. (imingo.net)
  • Cholesterol is a hydrophobic compound, with a single hydroxyl group located at carbon 3 of the A ring, to which a fatty acid can be attached, producing an even more hydrophobic cholesteryl ester. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Agarwal AK, Sukumaran S, Cortes VA, Tunison K, Mizrachi D, Sankella S, Gerard RD, Horton JD, Garg A: Human 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase isoforms 1 and 2: biochemical characterization and inability to rescue hepatic steatosis in Agpat2(-/-) gene lipodystrophic mice. (smpdb.ca)
  • Lipid synthesis requires bulk carbon skeleton acyl-CoAs, the transport of which depends on the acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Palmityl-CoA is a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). (ymdb.ca)
  • 18874) imidazoleglycerol phosphate synthase%2C cyclase subunit CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0021 19046. (go.jp)
  • Both cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) are, in fact, part of the heptahelical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and can inhibit adenyl cyclase activity or even stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), being, therefore, classified as Gi/0 receptors [ 3 - 5 ]. (irjournal.org)
  • Lipin-1 and -2 have a second function as transcriptional co-activators acting in a complex with transcriptional regulators called peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) [1,3] (Fig. 1). (aocs.org)
  • [10] Additionally, HADHB has been shown to bind to the distal 3' untranslated region of renin mRNA, thereby regulating renin protein expression. (wikidoc.org)
  • In contrast, others have favored the concept that exaggerated insulin secretion will cause insulin resistance ( 3 , 4 ), possibly via fatty acid-mediated impairment of insulin action ( 5 - 7 ). (diabetesjournals.org)