• Balanced biosynthesis of major membrane components through regulated degradation of the committed enzyme of lipid A biosynthesis by the AAA protease FtsH (HflB) in Escherichia coli. (wikigenes.org)
  • Modulations in lipid A and phospholipid biosynthesis pathways influence outer membrane protein assembly in Escherichia coli K-12. (wikigenes.org)
  • Isolation and characterization of the Neisseria meningitidis lpxD-fabZ-lpxA gene cluster involved in lipid A biosynthesis. (wikigenes.org)
  • The enzyme catalyzes a step of lipid A biosynthesis. (cathdb.info)
  • Natural products belonging to the lipid II-binding family act as potent antimicrobial agents by disrupting cell wall biosynthesis via sequestering the late-stage intermediate lipid II. (duke.edu)
  • This work led to the discovery of a novel class I lasso peptide, arcumycin, and we validated a conserved mechanism of action for Actinobacteria-produced lasso peptides in targeting lipid II biosynthesis. (duke.edu)
  • Dive deeper into bacterial lipid biosynthesis with our Recombinant Staphylococcus aureus acpP. (cusabio.com)
  • Carrier of the growing fatty acid chain in fatty acid biosynthesis. (cusabio.com)
  • In higher plants, FAD2 gene encodes the microsomal oleate Δ12-desaturase, one of the key enzymes essential for biosynthesis of polyunsaturated lipids that serve many important functions in plant development and stress responses. (researchsquare.com)
  • This reaction terminates acyl chain elongation of fatty acid biosynthesis, and in plant seeds it is the biochemical determinant of the fatty acid compositions of storage lipids. (iastate.edu)
  • These acyl-ACP TEs can potentially be used to diversify the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway to produce novel fatty acids. (iastate.edu)
  • Lipid biosynthesis is divided into the Gro3P (glycerol-3-phosphate) pathway and the GrnP (dihydroxyacetone phosphate) pathway. (rehabsociety.org.hk)
  • Before entering lipid synthesis pathways, different kinds of acyl-CoA transporters which acts as the major carrier of acyl-CoAs, such as fatty acid binding protein (FABP), sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) and acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP), would activate and convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA esters via a reaction catalyzed by fatty acyl-CoA synthetase and transported to various metabolic locations [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The N-terminal presequence in the SCP-x isoform represents a peroxisomal 3-ketacyl-Coa thiolase specific for branched-chain acyl CoAs, which is proteolytically cleaved from the sterol carrier protein. (umbc.edu)
  • Mammalian nonspecific lipid-transfer protein (nsL-TP) (also known as sterol carrier protein 2) is a protein which seems to exist in two different forms: a 14 Kd protein (SCP-2) and a larger 58 Kd protein (SCP-x). (expasy.org)
  • Similarity between the amino-terminal portion of mammalian 58-kD sterol carrier protein (SCPx) and Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA acyltransferase: evidence for a gene fusion in SCPx. (expasy.org)
  • Lipid metabolism is pivotal for the growth of apicomplexan parasites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcriptional analysis of ACBP-deficient parasites revealed differentially expressed genes involved in a wide range of biological processes such as lipid metabolism, posttranslational modification, and membrane biogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study provides a foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism of lipid metabolism in N. caninum . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lipids are crucial to the biology of all cells and organisms, acting not only as primary sources of energy but also as regulators of metabolism and growth, participating in various signaling networks [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adopt the Recombinant Staphylococcus aureus acpP into your research protocol and unlock new insights into bacterial lipid metabolism and resistance mechanisms. (cusabio.com)
  • SCP-2 has multiple roles in intracellular lipid circulation and metabolism. (umbc.edu)
  • In addition, risperidone influences adipocyte metabolism, differentiation, and lipid accumulation-related functions through transcriptome analysis. (frontiersin.org)
  • To do so, glial cells heavily rely on transient and temporal changes in the FA and lipid metabolism. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In higher plants, the microsomal oleate Δ12 -desaturase (fatty acid desaturase 2, FAD2) is a hydrophobic endoplasmic reticulum protein, catalyzing the reaction from monounsaturated oleic acid (C18:1) to polyunsaturated linoleic acid (C18:2) by introducing a double bond between the 12th and 13th carbon atoms of C18:1 [1]. (researchsquare.com)
  • The soluble fatty acid desaturases, such as the plant Acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) desaturase family, use acyl carrier protein thioesters as substrates, and use ferredoxin oxidoreductase and ferredoxin as electron donors. (springeropen.com)
  • The membrane-bound fatty acid desaturases, which include Δ5-, Δ6-, Δ9-, Δ12- and Δ15-desaturase in the mammals, fungi, insects, higher plants and cyanobacteria, use fatty acids esterified to complex lipid as the substrate, and use cytochrome (cyt) b5 oxidoreductase and cyt b5 as electron donors. (springeropen.com)
  • Desaturation of the fatty acids in glycerolipids is catalyzed by acyl-lipid desaturase (Murata and Wada, 1995). (rehabsociety.org.hk)
  • Several novel acyl-ACP TEs act on short-chain and unsaturated acylACP or 3-ketoacyl-ACP substrates, indicating the diversity of enzymatic specificity in this enzyme family. (iastate.edu)
  • Then, Acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA are coupled to the acyl-carrier protein domain of the rate-limiting enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Collectively, through each project we have gained a deeper understanding of the structural elements and biosynthetic pathways of lipid II-binding antimicrobials. (duke.edu)
  • LpxD from Escherichia coli prefers (R,S)-3-hydroxymyristoyl-[acyl- carrier protein] over (R,S)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]. (cathdb.info)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74155","flgM","Escherichia coli","anti-sigma factor for FliA (sigma 28) [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74156","flgA","Escherichia coli","assembly protein for flagellar basal-body periplasmic P ring [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74157","flgB","Escherichia coli","flagellar component of cell-proximal portion of basal-body rod [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74158","flgC","Escherichia coli","flagellar component of cell-proximal portion of basal-body rod [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74163","flgH","Escherichia coli","flagellar protein of basal-body outer-membrane L ring [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Secretory proteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles and then progress through the Golgi complex before delivery to their final destination. (biologists.com)
  • ELOVLs are located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and catalyze FA elongation via the condensation of a malonyl-CoA to an acyl-CoA molecule to yield 3-ketoacyl-CoA, which is the first rate limiting step in the elongation cycle of FAs [ 8 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Risperidone upregulates fatty acid synthase (FASN) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression in hepatocyte cultures and mouse liver by targeting the hepatic SREBP-1c/FASN couple, which is also one of the mechanisms by which risperidone induces weight gain ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Through a series of minimally complex analogs, we determined non-proteinogenic amino acids and the N-acyl fatty acid moiety are essential for bioactivity. (duke.edu)
  • We have identified a cytosolic acyl-CoA binding protein, with highly conserved amino acid residues and a typical acyl-CoA binding domain in N. caninum . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Originated from the Staphylococcus aureus strain Mu50 / ATCC 700699, this recombinant acpP protein is expressed in an E.coli system and includes the complete sequence of 1-77 amino acids. (cusabio.com)
  • This process is the body's primary catabolic pathway and is essential in breaking down the building blocks of the cell such as carbohydrates , amino acids and lipids , for fuel. (wikipedia.org)
  • and 3) Class III acyl-ACP TEs act predominantly on 8-carbon acyl-ACPs. (iastate.edu)
  • these lipids (predominantly TGs) are packaged by the intestinal mucosal cells into chylomicrons. (medscape.com)
  • Binding-protein-dependent transport system inner membrane component [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane domain (TMD) with lipid microdomains, must also be considered. (biologists.com)
  • In this Commentary, I review evidence in favor of the idea that partitioning of TMDs into bilayer domains that are endowed with distinct physico-chemical properties plays a pivotal role in the transport of membrane proteins within the early secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
  • The combination of such self-organizational phenomena with canonical intermolecular interactions is most likely to control the release of membrane proteins from the ER into the secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
  • This process depends on the general physico-chemical features of the cargo membrane protein and on the interactions of these features with the collective properties of the bilayer, instead of the one-to-one intermolecular interactions that exist between discrete signals and their receptors. (biologists.com)
  • The cytochrome b6f complex occupies a central position in the sequence of photosynthetic electron transport carriers, oxidizing plastoquinol (PQH 2) and providing the electron transfer connection between the two reaction center complexes, PS II and PS I, to which H + transfer is coupled, thus contributing to the trans-membrane. (rehabsociety.org.hk)
  • A study by White et al (2009) found that psychosine's cytotoxic effects on oligodendroglia and Schwann cells was mediated through disruption of the architecture and composition of lipid rafts (cell membrane regions characterized by high cholesterol and sphingolipid concentration), followed by altered protein kinase C (PKC) function. (medscape.com)
  • Lipid synthesis requires bulk carbon skeleton acyl-CoAs, the transport of which depends on the acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fatty acids provide the acyl skeleton for lipid synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This product represents a full-length Acyl carrier protein (ACP), a vital component involved in the initiation and elongation steps of fatty acid synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus, an organism known for its robust resistance mechanisms and implications in human health. (cusabio.com)
  • This domain occurred 5 times on human genes ( 6 proteins). (umbc.edu)
  • Acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterases (acyl-ACP TEs) catalyze the hydrolysis of the thioester bond that links the acyl chain to the sulfhydryl group of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of ACP. (iastate.edu)
  • Furthermore, we investigated the impact of nitrogen stress on Dunaliella tertiolecta cells, lipid compositions, and most important proprieties of produced biodiesel. (hindawi.com)
  • Intersecting analysis, molecular docking, and pathway validation analysis showed that risperidone influences the adipocytokine signaling pathway by targeting MAPK14 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 14), MAPK8 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 8), and RXRA (retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha), thereby inhibiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation by decreasing STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) expression and phosphorylation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Nitrogen stress increases lipids content in microalgae, the main feedstock for algal biodiesel. (hindawi.com)
  • Risperidone increases adipocyte lipid accumulation by plausibly inhibiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation through targeting MAPK14 and MAPK8. (frontiersin.org)
  • Interestingly, some studies have linked risperidone-induced weight gain with lipolysis and considered that risperidone increases lipid accumulation by altering lipolysis ( 25 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • [ 15 ] Psychosine was found to accumulate preferentially in white matter, with associated regional cholesterol increases causing alterations of lipid raft (LR) markers flotillin-2 and caveolin-1. (medscape.com)
  • Fatty acids (FA) are essential monomeric components that define the structural diversity of lipids and determine their functional properties in the CNS. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The reduction of NR activity was accompanied by reduction of chlorophyll and accumulation of lipids. (hindawi.com)
  • Nitrogen stress, by NR inhibition or other technique, led to accumulation of lipid in microalgae cells but at the same time it severely reduces growth rate. (hindawi.com)
  • Risperidone promotes adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation through Oil Red O staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (frontiersin.org)
  • The recombinant NcACBP protein was expressed to verify the binding activities of NcACBP in vitro , and the heterologous expression of NcACBP in Δacbp yeast in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The NcACBP recombinant protein was able to specifically bind acyl-CoA esters in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sigma-54 interaction domain, Bacterial regulatory protein, Propionate catabolism activator [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • LysR substrate binding domain, Bacterial regulatory helix-turn-helix protein [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Lipids can also act as pivotal pathogenetic factors that allow pathogens to escape immune responses, manipulate host processes, and develop disease [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To explore acyl-ACP TE diversity and to identify novel acyl ACP-TEs, 31 acyl-ACP TEs from wide-ranging phylogenetic sources were characterized to ascertain their in vivo activities and substrate specificities. (iastate.edu)
  • The brain contains the highest diversity of lipids than any other organ. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Lipids are the major structural elements of all biological membranes, serving as signaling molecules within and between cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This Review summarizes the more recent biochemical, cellular and mouse model studies that underscore the importance of the ER acetylation process in maintaining protein homeostasis and autophagy within the secretory pathway, and its impact on developmental and age-associated diseases. (biologists.com)
  • See the Medscape Drugs and Diseases articles Hypertriglyceridemia , Familial Hypercholesterolemia , and Lipid Management Guidelines . (medscape.com)
  • We developed three signature patterns for this family of proteins, two of which are based on the regions around the biologically important cysteines. (expasy.org)
  • Transport by partitioning is distinct from both bulk flow and receptor-mediated transport, because differently from bulk flow, cargo can be concentrated in transport carriers, yet the concentrating process does not depend on specific cargo receptors ( Fig. 1 and Box 1 ). (biologists.com)
  • The coat on the budding vesicle comprises two layers, an inner layer of adaptor proteins (gray ovals) and an outer layer that forms a polyhedral cage. (biologists.com)
  • It is obvious that the seeds of different variety of cotton vary as grown in diverse agroclimatic conditions with respect to oil, fats and protein contents. (scielo.br)
  • [6] All animals need pantothenic acid in order to synthesize coenzyme A (CoA)-essential for metabolizing fatty acid-and to synthesize and metabolize proteins , carbohydrates , and fats . (wikipedia.org)
  • Nutritional stress like nitrogen deprivation, phosphorus starvation, and iron supplementation can enhance the lipid content in many microalgae species [ 8 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Biosynthetic and Chemical Investigation of Lipid II-Binding Antimicrobials. (duke.edu)
  • In anabolism, water is removed from molecules (through energy requiring enzymatic chemical reactions) in order to grow larger molecules (e.g. starches, triglycerides and proteins for storage of fuels and information). (hmdb.ca)
  • When grown on 1% propionic acid, lipid A also contains the odd-chain fatty acids tridecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hydroxytridecanoic acid, and hydroxypentadecanoic acid. (cathdb.info)
  • chlorate resistance protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • The two major forms of circulating lipid in the body, triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol, are insoluble in plasma. (medscape.com)
  • Note: The complete sequence including tag sequence, target protein sequence and linker sequence could be provided upon request. (cusabio.com)
  • FlgD Ig-like domain, FlgD Tudor-like domain, Flagellar hook capping protein - N-terminal region [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • inactive c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase-like EAL domain protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • HAMP domain, Tar ligand binding domain homologue, Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP) signalling domain [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • If you've navigated here from a protein, hovering over a position on the weblogo will display the corresponding protein position for that domain position. (umbc.edu)
  • Showcasing exemplary purity, the protein exceeds 90% as per SDS-PAGE, offering you precise and accurate results in all your experiments. (cusabio.com)
  • Microalgae are one of the most promising sources of biomass for biodiesel production thanks to their high lipid content [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The central nervous system (CNS) has an exceptionally high lipid content. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The corresponding gene, AtWRINKLED1 ( AtWRI1, At3g54320), encodes a protein with two APETALA2-ethylene responsive element-binding protein (AP2/EREBP) motifs that is a signature for plant-specific transcription factors involved in a wide range of developmental processes [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself. (cusabio.com)
  • Some locks should be lifted starting by the improvement of growth rate and lipid content which are the key parameters of lipid productivity. (hindawi.com)
  • however, it needs some improvements of its lipid content [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)