• Acute systemic toxicity tests are conducted to measure a chemical's capacity to cause harm or death within two weeks of a single, short-term exposure. (peta.org)
  • Cadmium Toxicity: What Health Effects Are Associated With Acute High-Dose Cadmium Exposure? (cdc.gov)
  • describe the health effects of acute high-dose cadmium exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast, patients who have more intense exposure to cadmium and do not improve after one to two days may progress in eight hours to seven days to acute chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema. (cdc.gov)
  • This study hypothesized that coating type, incineration status, and time-dependent effects of ONC exposure would impact bronchial epithelial cell monolayer integrity, a key target following inhalation exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Highthroughput in vitro screening strategies including high content imaging, electric cell impedance sensing, and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate a set of pre- and post-incinerated ONCs for acute effects and fate of the monolayer post-exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Using each particle's IC(50) cell viability in a BEAS-2B cell model, pristine nanoclay exposure caused acute loss of monolayer integrity, decreased metabolism, and increased apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure via ingestion and inhalation produces systemic toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • The most common route of exposure is via inhalation. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to methyl isocyanate typically occurs through inhalation or dermal absorption. (cdc.gov)
  • Toxicity might develop over 1 to 4 hours after exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Acute Sulfolane Exposure Produces Temperature-Independent and Dependent Changes in Visual Evoked Potentials. (epa.gov)
  • Acute toxicity testing is used to determine the danger of exposure to a chemical by mouth, skin, or inhalation. (aavs.org)
  • Inhalation: Prolonged, confined (especially under the finger nails, under rings or watch bands) or repeated exposure may cause skin irritation. (edocr.com)
  • The seriousness of the exposure depends upon the oral toxicity of the material and the amount swallowed. (ufl.edu)
  • Inhalation exposure results from breathing pesticide vapors, dust, or spray particles. (ufl.edu)
  • Like oral and dermal exposure, inhalation exposure is more serious with some pesticides than with others, particularly fumigant pesticides, which form gases. (ufl.edu)
  • Another means of inhalation exposure is smoking tobacco products containing pesticide residues. (ufl.edu)
  • Acute toxicity is due to short-term exposure and happens within a relatively short period of time, whereas chronic exposure is due to repeated or long-term exposure and happens over a longer period. (ufl.edu)
  • If NMPP are airborne, the main route of exposure in the workplace is through inhalation. (cdc.gov)
  • In the workplace, potential for inhalation exposure exists to nano- and microplastics generated through both the top-down and bottom-up mechanisms. (cdc.gov)
  • Human exposure may occur via inhalation due to the high vapor pressure of iodomethane. (cdc.gov)
  • A quantitative human health risk assessment was conducted for inhalation exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • The critical effects of acute duration iodomethane exposure are: (1) fetal losses in rabbits, (2) lesions in rat nasal epithelium, and (3) transient neurotoxicity in rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Iodomethane HECs for workers and bystanders were derived using the PBPK model and NOAELs for acute exposure endpoints of concern. (cdc.gov)
  • Nasal olfactory degeneration is the primary endpoint for risk assessment of acute exposure to iodomethane. (cdc.gov)
  • Using an early staged zebrafish model, we investigated the biodistribution and toxicity of CdSe/ZnS QDots with four types of modifications, including anionic poly(ethylene glycol)-carboxyl ((PEG)n-COOH), anionic mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), zwitterionic glutathione (GSH), and cationic cysteamine (CA). None of the QDots showed obvious toxicity to zebrafish embryos prior to hatching because the zebrafish chorion is an effective barrier that protects against QDot exposure. (bvsalud.org)
  • Exposure dependent accumulation of N-(2- hydroxypropyl)valine in hemoglobin of F344 rats exposed to propylene oxide by the inhalation route. (who.int)
  • The mercury vapor can enter the bloodstream through the lungs by inhalation and can preferably be deposited in the lungs and kidneys, which can lead to failure by high intensity acute exposure. (bvsalud.org)
  • The applicant states that the proposed budesonide/formoterol Spiromax 80/4.5, 160/4.5, 320/9 µg per dose, inhalation powder products would replace the currently marketed medicinal products and hence the exposure of the environment to budesonide and formoterol is not likely to increase. (janusinfo.se)
  • Mammalian acute systemic toxicity tests are commonly conducted on rats. (peta.org)
  • Mammalian acute systemic toxicity can be studied using computer models or human cells that assess the actions of toxic chemicals at the cellular level. (peta.org)
  • To assess the acute systemic toxicity of products comprising a number of different ingredients, the GHS additivity equation can be used to consider the individual toxicity values of each ingredient to predict the overall toxicity of the product. (peta.org)
  • PETA scientists have hosted workshops and webinars, published articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals, and organized funding and testing studies with the goal of developing strategies to replace animal use in acute systemic toxicity testing. (peta.org)
  • Acute systemic toxicity can result from ingestion of xylene. (cdc.gov)
  • It can cause systemic toxicity by ingestion or inhalation. (cdc.gov)
  • There were no mortalities or consistent signs of systemic toxicity through the 14 days with no abnormalities noted at necropsy. (europa.eu)
  • The observed systemic toxicity does not warrant scheduling. (tga.gov.au)
  • These findings suggest quantitative considerations for building scientific confidence in NAM-based systemic toxicity predictions. (nih.gov)
  • Clinical signs of toxicity included mucoid diarrhoea over the first day in treated rats. (europa.eu)
  • In an acute oral toxicity study, groups of fasted Fisher 344 rats (5 male, 5 female) were given a single oral dose via gavage of hex-1-ene (Neodene 6) at doses of 0, 1000, 1800, 3200, or 5600 mg/kg bw and observed for 14 days (Albert et al. (europa.eu)
  • In an acute oral toxicity study, 5 rats per sex were given a single oral dose of undiluted n-pentane (pure) at a dose of 2000 mg/kg (3.33 ml/kg) and were observed for 14 days. (europa.eu)
  • In a good quality acute oral toxicity study (reliability score 1) conducted to OECD test guideline 423, and GLP, the LD50 for Crude Tall Oil, whose chemical composition is similar to that of Distilled Tall Oil, was greater than 2000 mg/kg bw in Crl:CD(SD)IGS BR rats. (europa.eu)
  • Acute Oral Toxicity Study (Up and Down Method) in Rats with N,N-dimethyl-1, 1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylamine. (epa.gov)
  • It has been reported that brief inhalation exposures to 10,000 ppm propane cause no symptoms in humans [Braker and Mossman 1980]. (cdc.gov)
  • Most exposures to xylene occur by inhalation and xylene is readily absorbed from the lungs. (cdc.gov)
  • No indications of toxicity were reported following exposures to 2,100 ppm for 8 hours/day [Haggard et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Toxicity is usually divided into two types, acute or chronic, based on the number of exposures to a poison and the time it takes for toxic symptoms to develop. (ufl.edu)
  • Little is known about the diversity, toxicity, and dynamics of airborne chemical exposures at the molecular level. (researchsquare.com)
  • Toxicity of inhaled NMPPs is not well characterized in part due to the complexity of their chemical compositions and size and shape distributions and common association with other chemical hazards producing mixed exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • In a study of developmental toxicity in rats, maternal (liver) toxicity was seen at the top (limit) dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d. (tga.gov.au)
  • In a study of developmental toxicity in rabbits, marked maternal toxicity (that included a bodyweight loss over GD 6-9) was seen at the top (limit) dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d, and skeletal malformations were seen in 1, 1, and 4 foetuses (4 litters) at 0, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/d, respectively. (tga.gov.au)
  • Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test in the Han Wistar Rat. (epa.gov)
  • Draft Report of a Combined 28-Day Repeated Dose Oral (Gavage) Toxicity Study with Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test in Rats. (epa.gov)
  • Data demonstrated that humans are less sensitive to the effect that causes developmental toxicity in rabbits and the PBPK model incorporated this information, resulting in a higher HEC for the developmental endpoint than for the nasal endpoint. (cdc.gov)
  • The Tier 1 computer modeling assessed biodegradabililty and such concerns as mutagenicity, acute oral toxicity and reproductive toxicity. (greenbiz.com)
  • In addition to renal disease, cardiovascular effects, and reproductive toxicity, lead may cause irreversible neurologic damage. (cdc.gov)
  • It can therefore be concluded that the acute oral LD50 for Distilled Tall Oil is also >2000 mg/kg. (europa.eu)
  • For decades, acute toxicity testing meant poisoning large numbers of animals in Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) tests, which are conducted until at least one half of the test animals die. (aavs.org)
  • Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats 76-89 mg/kg. (kitairu.net)
  • Acute Dermal Irritation and Acute Dermal Toxicity with 1,1-2-trifluoro- 2-(perfluoroethoxy)ethane sulfonate, potassium salt. (epa.gov)
  • Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats 2.12-4.44 mg/m NOEL (1 y) for dogs 0.25 mg/kg b.w. (kitairu.net)
  • Poisoning can result from mercury vapor inhalation, mercury ingestion, mercury injection, and absorption of mercury through the skin. (medscape.com)
  • This product is a chlorinated nicotinic insecticide with broad insecticidal spectrum, high activity and low dosage.It has the characteristics of long-acting and quick-acting, has the contact and gastric toxicity, and has excellent internal absorption activity , Because of the unique action mechanism of acetamiprid, it has a good effect on the pest resistant to organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid pesticides. (kitairu.net)
  • The human body can absorb the mercury in three different ways: ingestion, skin absorption, and inhalation of vapors. (bvsalud.org)
  • The symptoms of acute cadmium inhalation can initially resemble classic metal fume fever, a self-limited condition associated with fever, chills and possible decreases in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). (cdc.gov)
  • Acute inhalation of cadmium may cause symptoms similar to those of metal fume fever. (cdc.gov)
  • 3) In the case of a hazardous product that is classified in the category "Acute Toxicity (Inhalation) - Category 1", "Acute Toxicity (Inhalation) - Category 2", "Acute Toxicity (Inhalation) - Category 3" or "Acute Toxicity (Inhalation) - Category 4" further to subsection 8.1.1(2), the hazard statement specified for that category in section 3 of Annex 3 of the GHS need not be used on the safety data sheet. (gc.ca)
  • Hazard Class: Acute toxicity, inhalation (Category 3). (flinnsci.com)
  • Toxicological studies Acute toxicity studies Acute toxicity studies with technical metiram have been performed in the rat and mouse, the results of which are summarized in Table 1. (inchem.org)
  • Mercury in any form is poisonous, with mercury toxicity most commonly affecting the neurologic, gastrointestinal (GI) and renal organ systems. (medscape.com)
  • There are two opinions to address the problem related to mercury toxicity: the risk of human contamination and the risk of environmental contamination. (bvsalud.org)
  • Final Results on an OECD 202 Acute Toxicity to Daphnia magna and an OECD 211 21-Day Reproduction Test, Conducted with 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl Hydroperoxide. (epa.gov)
  • Chlorothene Vg: a Chronic Inhalation Toxicity and Oncogenicity Study in Rats and Mice (part 1 & 2) with Cover Letter dated 08/21/1984. (epa.gov)
  • Chronic inhalation of volatile hydrocarbons may irritate the skin around the mouth and nose (huffer's eczema). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Recovery can occur from an acute episode of poisoning with no side effects. (cdc.gov)
  • Inhalation Toxicology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by CDC Information Center on 07/06/12 stored as a liquid under pressure, but volatilizes rapidly fol- to agricultural soil is expected to occur over a time period lowing injection into soil. (cdc.gov)
  • The experimental inhalation of vapor mixtures by rats, with notes upon the relationship between single dose inhalation and single dose oral data. (cdc.gov)
  • Acute Vapor Inhalation Study in Fischer 344 Rats Using Aerothene Tt with Cover Letter Dated 03/22/1988. (epa.gov)
  • Metal compound is not absorbed by ingestion, but it has high vapor pressure and is much absorbed by inhalation, which are odorless and colorless. (bvsalud.org)
  • EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS Inhalation of enzyme aerosol by susceptible individuals may result in allergic sensitization. (edocr.com)
  • Inhalation of volatile industrial solvents and solvents from aerosol sprays can cause a state of intoxication. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Inhalation of enzyme dust or aerosols resulting from inappropriate handling may induce respiratory sensitization and may cause allergic reactions in sensitized individuals. (edocr.com)
  • or by inhalation (through the nose and respiratory system). (ufl.edu)
  • Based on health considerations and acute inhalation toxicity data in humans [Haggard et al. (cdc.gov)
  • A poisonous material (liquid) is defined in § 173.132 as a material, other than a gas, which is presumed to be toxic to humans because it falls within one of the following categories when tested on laboratory animals: oral toxicity, dermal toxicity and inhalation toxicity. (dot.gov)
  • Humans, obviously, cannot be used as test subjects, so toxicity testing is done with animals and plants. (ufl.edu)
  • The Working Group was not aware of any good rodent models that simulate the occurrence of acute myeloid leukemia in humans. (who.int)
  • For acute inhalation toxicity, three-dimensional models constructed from human cells (such as those from Epithelix Sàrl ) can be used to study the effects of chemicals on specific parts of the lung. (peta.org)
  • These effects might progress over the next 24 to 72 hours to include acute lung injury, cardiac arrest, and death (1-4). (cdc.gov)
  • Her current research work focuses on developing new, non-animal methodologies (NAMs) that can replace animal studies in cancer and lung toxicity research. (tcd.ie)
  • Acute Inhalation Toxicity Study of MTDID 18132 in Male and Female Rats: 09-123. (epa.gov)
  • An integrated high-throughput in vitro screening strategy, using high content imaging and traditional in vitro methods, represents a rapid pulmonary epithelial toxicity assessment approach to prioritize ENMs for further evaluation and serves to inform 'prevention-by-design' material development strategies. (cdc.gov)
  • Movia D, Bruni-Favier S, Prina-Mello A., In vitro Alternatives to Acute Inhalation Toxicity Studies in Animal Models-A Perspective. (tcd.ie)
  • pulmonary edema (inhalation only), a condition which can initially resemble metal fume fever. (cdc.gov)
  • Acute Dermal Toxicity Study of P-tert-butylbenzoic Acid on Rats with Attacments and Cover Letter Dated 07/23/1987. (epa.gov)
  • Creatinine kinase, urine myoglobin: Nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis can result from severe CO toxicity and can lead to acute renal failure. (medscape.com)
  • For example, for acute dermal toxicity, three-dimensional reconstructed human skin models can be used first to determine whether a substance will penetrate the skin, which is necessary for a substance to cause systemic (dermal) toxicity. (peta.org)
  • For acute oral toxicity, there are computational models such as CATMoS (the Collaborative Acute Toxicity Modeling Suite) that can predict toxicity following oral consumption of a substance. (peta.org)
  • Justification for choice of vehicle: The test substance was not soluble in water, and corn oil is a common vehicle for acute oral toxicity testing. (europa.eu)
  • Rationale for the selection of the starting dose: As no prior information on the toxicity of the test substance was available, a starting dose of 300 mg/kg bw was chosen. (europa.eu)
  • Toxicity refers to the ability of a substance to produce adverse effects. (ufl.edu)
  • 2000 mg/kg bw (OECD 423, acute toxic class method) in rats (ARC, 2005a). (europa.eu)
  • The diagnosis of drug-mediated pulmonary toxicity is usually established based on clinical findings. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical profile of gas leak victims in acute phase after Bhopal episode. (cdc.gov)
  • other: There were no clinical signs of toxicity. (europa.eu)
  • Clinical Inhalation Studies with HCFC-141B, with Cover Letter dated 12/12/1997. (epa.gov)
  • Acute toxicity and inhalation effects in experimental animals", Am. Ind. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bhopal tragedy's health effects: a review of methyl isocyanate toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • Acute effects: Toxic, lachrymator, irritant. (flinnsci.com)
  • Either increases toxicity of the other by sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. (medscape.com)
  • There were no adverse MPT IVR-related findings of cervicovaginal toxicity or changes in vaginal biopsies or microbiome community profiles evaluated in sheep. (cdc.gov)
  • Not acutely hazardous after ingestion, inhalation or skin contact, based on animal test data. (europa.eu)
  • Pour obtenir des renseignements sur les dangers ou en cas d'urgence, composez ", followed by an emergency telephone number for the purpose of obtaining the information that must be provided on the safety data sheet of the hazardous product. (gc.ca)
  • supplementary data (for example, acute toxicity information and physical-chemical properties). (epa.gov)
  • No acute toxicity data are available for Distilled Tall Oil. (europa.eu)
  • Data on Acute Inhalation Toxicity Study Conducted in Sprague-Dawley Rats with Ethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro- 1-methoxy. (epa.gov)
  • Toxicity: No data. (janusinfo.se)
  • Acute toxicity: There are data for 3 trophic levels, lowest for algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) 94 000 microg/L. (janusinfo.se)
  • Cromolyn sodium inhalation solution USP is clear, colorless to pale yellow, sterile and has a target pH of 5.5. (nih.gov)
  • Cromolyn sodium inhalation solution USP is clear, colorless, sterile, and has a target pH of 5.5. (nih.gov)
  • The most common way that acute poisoning via cadmium ingestion occurs is consumption of acidic food or beverages improperly stored in containers with a cadmium glaze (Lewis 1997). (cdc.gov)
  • Acute nicotine poisoning usually occurs in young children who accidentally chew on nicotine gum or patches. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Occasionally, patients may experience cough and/or bronchospasm following inhalation of cromolyn sodium. (nih.gov)
  • Acute oral ingestion results in severe gastroenteritis. (cdc.gov)
  • however, (PEG)n-COOH-QDots showed the most severe toxicity to zebrafish, as determined by mortality, hatching rate, heartbeat, and malformation assessments. (bvsalud.org)
  • This product has strong gastric toxicity and contact killing effect. (kitairu.net)
  • The standard includes product performance requirements and environmental and health requirements such as reduced human and aquatic toxicity and reduced volatile organic compounds (VOCs). (greenseal.org)
  • For example, inhalation of thermal degradation products of polytetrafluoroethylene can lead to "polymer fume fever" [10] and in extreme cases to fatal acute pulmonary oedema [11]. (cdc.gov)
  • Other tests include the acute toxic class method and the up-and-down procedure, which typically involve the use of a smaller number of animals. (aavs.org)
  • The acute oral toxicity of octadec-1-ene has been investigated in two studies. (europa.eu)
  • Two studies are available which investigated the acute oral toxicity of C12-14 alpha olefin. (europa.eu)