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FlaccidParalysisPathophysiologyCase of Paralytic PoliomyelitisParalytic diseaseOnsetEtiologyPoliovirus vaccineEncephalitisAseptic meningitisContagious diseaseEpidemicReported poliomyelitis casesEnterovirusManifestationsAsymptomaticKnown as poliomyelitisDiseasesIllnessSyndromeClinicalDiseaseInfectionInflammationEradication initiativePatientsEpidemicsElectromyographicSpinal anteriorFebrileSystemicDisordersCasesDeficitsWorld Health A
Flaccid19
  • however, the exact etiology of this acute flaccid paralysis has not been systematically assessed. (cdc.gov)
  • To thoroughly describe the clinical, laboratory, and electrodiagnostic features of this paralysis syndrome, we evaluated acute flaccid paralysis that developed in seven patients in the setting of acute WNV infection, consecutively identified in four hospitals in St. Tammany Parish and New Orleans, Louisiana, and Jackson, Mississippi. (cdc.gov)
  • In areas in which transmission is occurring, WNV infection should be considered in patients with acute flaccid paralysis. (cdc.gov)
  • Less frequently, acute WNV infection has been associated with acute flaccid paralysis, which has been attributed to Guillain-Barré syndrome, motor axonopathy, or axonal polyneuropathy ( 4 - 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • However, these reports describe clinical and laboratory features that seem inconsistent with such diagnoses, and the exact cause of acute flaccid paralysis has not been thoroughly assessed with rigorous electrophysiologic, laboratory, and neuroimaging data. (cdc.gov)
  • Brief descriptions of six patients have suggested that this flaccid paralysis is due to anterior horn cell involvement with a resultant poliomyelitis-like syndrome ( 7 - 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Because understanding the clinical characteristics and underlying etiology of WNV-induced acute flaccid paralysis is critical for therapeutic decisions as well as prognosis, we describe the detailed clinical, laboratory, and electrophysiologic findings from these six patients and from one additional patient. (cdc.gov)
  • Manifestations include a nonspecific minor illness (abortive poliomyelitis), sometimes aseptic meningitis without paralysis (nonparalytic poliomyelitis), and, less often, flaccid weakness of various muscle groups (paralytic poliomyelitis). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Less than 1% of infected persons develop neuroinvasive disease, which typically manifests as meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis. (cdc.gov)
  • WNV acute flaccid paralysis is usually clinically and pathologically identical to poliovirus-associated poliomyelitis, with damage of anterior horn cells, and may progress to respiratory paralysis requiring mechanical ventilation. (cdc.gov)
  • In February 2014 I wrote about children in California who developed a poliomyelitis-like paralysis, also called acute flaccid paralysis or AFP. (virology.ws)
  • In August of 2012, the Department of Health was notified about a 29 year-old person with acute flaccid paralysis with anterior myelitis, and the request was to rule out polio. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we review the most important differential diagnoses ( Mimics ) for patients presenting with acute flaccid paralysis and brainstem syndromes and highlight some of the more unusual presentations ( Chameleons ) of GBS-related disorders. (bmj.com)
  • The onset of spinal poliomyelitis is associated with myalgia and severe muscle spasms, with the subsequent development of an asymmetrical, predominantly lower limb, flaccid weakness that becomes maximal after 48 h 2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The hallmark of poliomyelitis is asymmetric flaccid paralysis. (brainkart.com)
  • Acute polyneuritis, an inflammatory disease of the peripheral nervous system, is characterized by symmetric flaccid paralysis of muscles. (brainkart.com)
  • The result is that the limb becomes floppy and lifeless-a condition known as acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). (the-medical-dictionary.com)
  • A novel outbreak enterovirus D68 strain associated with acute flaccid myelitis cases in the USA (2012-14). (jamanetwork.com)
  • 1%) among all the stages and is characterized by descending asymmetric acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). (microbeonline.com)
Paralysis13
  • WNV poliomyelitis often presents as isolated limb paresis or paralysis and can occur without fever or apparent viral prodrome. (cdc.gov)
  • Acute anterior poliomyelitis - child paralysis. (flowsandforms.com)
  • With the eradication of poliomyelitis, GBS is the most common cause of acute motor paralysis in children. (medscape.com)
  • Before global health measures, about 1 in every 200 people infected with poliomyelitis had irreversible paralysis. (medtigo.com)
  • The degree of paralysis in a person with acute paralysis is frequently unchanging. (medtigo.com)
  • This trend is complex and is affected by factors such as acute paralysis severity, age of onset, and even socioeconomic level. (medtigo.com)
  • Post-poliomyelitis syndrome (PPS) is characterized by the delayed appearance of new neuromuscular symptoms in patients several years after their acute poliomyelitis paralysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1944: NIH reports that DDT damages the same anterior horn cells that are damaged in infantile paralysis. (planttrees.org)
  • Clinically, the diagnosis of en-cephalitis is applied to patients who may or may not show signs and CSF findings com-patible with aseptic meningitis but also show objective evidence of CNS dysfunction (eg, seizures, paralysis, and disordered mentation). (brainkart.com)
  • Poliomyelitis refers to the selective destruction of anterior motor horn cells in thespinal cord and/or brainstem, which leads to weakness or paralysis of muscle groups and occasionally respiratory insufficiency. (brainkart.com)
  • Poliomyelitis ("polio"), or infantile paralysis , is a viral paralytic disease. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
  • What we need especially to learn is the frequency with which cases of poliomyelitis that do not develop paralysis occur, and what the leading symptoms are in these instances, since the socalled abortive cases may be found to be the insidious means of the transmission of the infection. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Poliomyelitis is a paralytic disease resulting from the destruction of motor neurons in the central nervous system and can lead to partial or full paralysis. (diseasesdic.com)
Pathophysiology1
  • In this case report, we review acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome and consider the pathophysiology, diagnostic measures and prognostic factors associated with patient recovery. (biomedcentral.com)
Case of Paralytic Poliomyelitis1
Paralytic disease1
Onset4
  • All patients had acute onset of asymmetric weakness and areflexia but no sensory abnormalities. (cdc.gov)
  • The hallmarks of acute spinal cord infarction are a sudden, apoplectic onset of severe back or neck pain (50-80% of cases) accompanied by paraparesis or paraplegia [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most cases of purulent meningitis are acute in onset and pro-gression and are characterized by fever, stiff neck, irritability, and varying degrees of neu-rologic dysfunction that, if untreated, usually progress to a fatal outcome. (brainkart.com)
  • Reye's syndrome (encephalopathy with fatty infiltration of the vis-cera) is an acute, noninflammatory process, usually observed in childhood, in which cere-bral edema, hepatic dysfunction, and hyperammonemia develop within 2 to 12 days after onset of a systemic viral infection. (brainkart.com)
Etiology2
  • The CDC has released its study of these cases and concludes "The etiology of AFP with anterior myelitis in the cases described in this report remains undetermined. (virology.ws)
  • I'm going to describe briefly the two clusters of acute neurologic illness of unknown etiology in California and Colorado, both who were reported in an early release of the MMWR this morning. (cdc.gov)
Poliovirus vaccine3
Encephalitis3
  • Brain magnetic resonance imaging is frequently normal, but signal abnormalities in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and brainstem may be seen in patients with encephalitis, and in the anterior spinal cord in patients with poliomyelitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Patients who recover from WNV encephalitis or poliomyelitis often have residual neurologic deficits. (cdc.gov)
  • Among patients with neuroinvasive disease, the overall case-fatality ratio is approximately 10%, but it is significantly higher for patients with WNV encephalitis and poliomyelitis than WNV meningitis. (cdc.gov)
Aseptic meningitis2
Contagious disease2
  • Poliomyelitis is a contagious disease which spreads through lymphatic replication and fecal-oral contamination. (medtigo.com)
  • Poliomyelitis is a contagious disease that spreads through person-to-person contact, mainly via the fecal-oral route. (microbeonline.com)
Epidemic2
  • An Epidemic of Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis in ---Panama" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, there occurs, not uncommonly, a form of anterior poliomyelitis which simulates epidemic meningitis so closely as to be frequently confused with that disease. (jamanetwork.com)
Reported poliomyelitis cases1
  • The global poliomyelitis eradication initiative (PEI) has reduced the number of reported poliomyelitis cases worldwide by more than 80% since the mid-1980s, and worldwide eradication of the disease by the year 2000 appears feasible (8). (cdc.gov)
Enterovirus5
Manifestations2
  • WNV-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome and radiculopathy have also been reported and can be distinguished from WNV poliomyelitis by clinical manifestations and electrophysiologic testing. (cdc.gov)
  • Replication of poliovirus in motor neurons of the anterior horn and brain stem results in cell destruction and causes the typical manifestations of poliomyelitis. (diseasesdic.com)
Asymptomatic2
  • Asymptomatic and minor infections (abortive poliomyelitis) are more common than nonparalytic or paralytic infections by ≥ 60:1 and are the main source of spread. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to determine if there were any differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic polio survivors by history of acute poliomyelitis illness, electromyographic evidence of terminal motor unit reorganization, and neuromuscular function of the quadriceps femoris muscle. (polioaustralia.org.au)
Known as poliomyelitis1
Diseases4
  • CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES AND INJURIES I. INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES (001-139) Includes: diseases generally recognized as communicable or transmissible as well as a few diseases of unknown but possibly infectious origin Excludes: acute respiratory infections (460-466) influenza (487. (cdc.gov)
  • The CSF findings, in combination with certain clinical features, allowed AIDP to be distinguished from anterior horn cell diseases such as poliomyelitis, spinal muscular atrophy and from other neuropathies. (medscape.com)
  • however, acute or chronic de-myelinating diseases with or without inflammation must also be considered. (brainkart.com)
  • Bowel tolerance doses of ascorbic acid ameliorate the acute symptoms of many diseases. (doctoryourself.com)
Illness3
  • West Nile virus (WNV) disease should be considered in any person with a febrile or acute neurologic illness who has had recent exposure to mosquitoes, blood transfusion, or organ transplantation, especially during the summer months in areas where virus activity has been reported. (cdc.gov)
  • Although there is no documented, objective evidence that symptomatic post-polio subjects are rapidly losing strength, they have a number of neuromuscular deficits related to a more severe poliomyelitis illness that may explain why they complain of problems with strength, endurance, and local muscle fatigue. (polioaustralia.org.au)
  • The classic presentation is characterized by an acute monophasic, non-febrile, post-infectious illness manifesting as ascending weakness and areflexia. (medscape.com)
Syndrome6
  • Clinical and electrodiagnostic data suggested the involvement of spinal anterior horn cells, resulting in a poliomyelitis-like syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • Acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome is a rare condition comprising a small fraction of neurovascular accidents, the majority of which occur within the cerebral circulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome with atypical patterns of sensory deficit is uncommon. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome (ASCIS) is predictably due primarily to pathology in the anterior spinal artery, its feeders or its branches. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), or acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), describes a heterogeneous condition with a number of redundant variants. (medscape.com)
  • diagnosis differential, post-poliomyelitis syndrome, temporomandibular disorders. (bvsalud.org)
Clinical1
Disease11
  • Acute poliomyelitis is a disease of the anterior horn motor neurons of the spinal cord and brain stem caused by poliovirus. (medscape.com)
  • For these reasons, the full name of the disease is acute anterior poliomyelitis. (yourdictionary.com)
  • Wilhelm Heinrich Erb kept this in mind when he named the disease "acute anterior poliomyelitis" in 1875, combining the Greek terms for gray (polio) and marrow (muelos) to reflect an inflammation of spinal gray matter. (grunge.com)
  • The risk for vaccine-associated poliomyelitis caused by OPV is now judged less acceptable because of the diminished risk for wild-virus-associated disease (indigenous or imported). (cdc.gov)
  • Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) has been the only indigenous form of the disease in the United States since 1979. (cdc.gov)
  • Acute poliomyelitis has become a rare condition and the disease has been virtually eliminated in most of the world as a result of effective immunization programs. (jointsjournal.org)
  • However, patients who had suffered poliomyelitis are now in an age range for degenerative joint disease and arthritis 1 . (jointsjournal.org)
  • Patients with polio may experience progression with new symptoms decades after the acute disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lesser doses often have little effect on acute symptoms but assist the body in handling the stress of disease and may reduce the morbidity of the disease. (doctoryourself.com)
  • However, if doses of ascorbate are not provided to satisfy this potential draw on the nutrient, first local tissues involved in the disease, then the blood, and then the body in general become deplete of ascorbate (ANASCORBEMIA and ACUTE INDUCED SCURVY). (doctoryourself.com)
  • Poliomyelitis is a disease caused by infection with the poliovirus. (diseasesdic.com)
Infection5
  • It can cause nervous system infection by involving the precentral gyrus, thalamus, hypothalamus, motor nuclei of the brainstem and surrounding reticular formation, vestibular and cerebellar nuclei, and neurons of the anterior and intermediate columns of the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
  • Poliomyelitis, commonly known as polio, is an acute viral infection. (ostatic.com)
  • This interaction then causes the acute demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy or, particularly in cases involving C jejuni infection, an acute axonal degeneration. (medscape.com)
  • Poliomyelitis is the result of a viral infection attacking the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord that control the skeletal muscle cells of the trunk and limbs. (jointsjournal.org)
  • Purulentmeningitis refers to infections of the meninges associated with a marked, acute inflam-matory exudate and is usually caused by a bacterial infection. (brainkart.com)
Inflammation4
  • With regard to imaging studies, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may show localization of inflammation to the spinal cord anterior horns. (medscape.com)
  • Like in poliomyelitis , this is an inflammation of the spinal marrow that causes atrophy of the affected muscles. (flowsandforms.com)
  • Polio is the inflammation of the gray anterior matter of the spinal cord. (ostatic.com)
  • [ 3 ] Inflammation of the spinal anterior roots may lead to disruption of the blood-CNS barrier. (medscape.com)
Eradication initiative1
  • The Gambia has implemented the eradication initiative and has been declared free of poliomyelitis since 2004. (who.int)
Patients6
  • Physical therapy plays an important role in rehabilitation for patients with poliomyelitis. (medscape.com)
  • The aim of this article is to review the available literature on Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with poliomyelitis and to investigate the main approaches to this complex surgery. (jointsjournal.org)
  • Seven studies were included involving 87 patients with poliomyelitis undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty with a mean follow-up of 66 months. (jointsjournal.org)
  • The aim of this article is to review the available literature on Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with poliomyelitis and to investigate whether different authors' approach in the management of these challenging patients influences the outcomes 4 . (jointsjournal.org)
  • PPS occurs 30 to 40 years after an acute poliomyelitis attack and is observed in approximately 25 to 28% of patients and according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) the intensity of pain is relatively high 5 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Collecting at least two stool specimens 24 hours apart from suspected poliomyelitis patients is recommended to increase the probability of isolating poliovirus. (microbeonline.com)
Epidemics2
  • Small pockets of poliomyelitis epidemics still exist among isolated religious sects, such as the Amish. (medscape.com)
  • We are still very ignorant of the real extent of the epidemics of poliomyelitis and are therefore, prevented from exercising due caution in limiting its spread. (jamanetwork.com)
Electromyographic2
  • In electromyographic evaluation, the earliest finding is a reduction in the recruitment pattern and a diminished interference pattern due to acute motor axon fiber involvement. (medscape.com)
  • Symptomatic post-polio subjects were hospitalized longer during the acute poliomyelitis, recovered more slowly, and had electromyographic evidence of greater loss of anterior horn cells. (polioaustralia.org.au)
Spinal anterior1
  • Under microscopy, the spinal anterior horn cells are surrounded by inflammatory cells. (medscape.com)
Febrile1
  • Osler provided a more detailed account of what he called acute febrile polyneuritis in 1892. (medscape.com)
Systemic1
Disorders2
  • Chameleons or atypical presentations of GBS-related disorders include: paraparetic GBS, bifacial weakness with paraesthesias, acute ataxic neuropathy, acute ophthalmoparesis, acute ptosis and acute mydriasis. (bmj.com)
  • The spinal muscular atrophies (SMAs) are inherited as autosomal recessive disorders of anterior horn cells with the genetic defect at chromosome 5q13. (doctorbach.com)
Cases4
Deficits1
  • The classic presentation for anterior spinal artery ischemia or infarct is sensory deficits in the following pattern: distal to the lesion, pain and temperature are lost bilaterally (owing to the involvement of anterolateral spinothalamic tracts), but light touch, vibration and position sense are preserved (owing to sparing of dorsal columns). (biomedcentral.com)
World Health A1