• It can reduce the sulfation of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) and inhibit various growth factor receptor-mediated signaling pathways. (oncotarget.com)
  • Therapeutic strategies include the blocking of transcription factors such as NF-κB that lead to inflammatory gene activation and the inhibition of signaling pathways that are stimulated in lung diseases. (ersjournals.com)
  • Serine/arginine-rich proteins (SR proteins), a group of proteins that harbor an arginine/serine (RS) domain either at their N' or C' terminus, play crucial roles in a plethora of biological processes such as cell cycle and signaling, developmental pathways, DNA replication and repair, transcription and mRNA splicing. (biologists.com)
  • The current work elegantly reports a novel role of SRPKs in metazoan developmental pathways revealing a novel SRPK-RNF12-REX1 signaling axis in neurodevelopmental pathways (fig.c). (biologists.com)
  • Induction of canonical autophagy is mainly controlled by the AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways and relies on the activation and assembly of two macromolecular complexes, the ATG1/ULK1 and the Class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) complex (Figure 1 ) [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Estrogen signaling pathways have been identified as efficient targets of breast cancer therapy, given their key role in promoting breast tumor growth. (scirp.org)
  • Estrogens stimulate the proliferation and the differentiation of breast epithelial cells through the activation of downstream mitogenic signaling pathways, namely via the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. (scirp.org)
  • Therefore, the identification of new actors of estrogen signaling pathways should improve treatment specificity and thus overcome cancer drug resistance. (scirp.org)
  • Among them, the sirtuin, AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, p53, and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathways are most widely studied. (frontiersin.org)
  • The secreted CHI3L1 activated AKT, ß-catenin and NF-κB signal pathways in cancer cells and macrophages to foster a protumor TME characterized by activating M2 macrophages and increasing the population of regulatory T cells. (thno.org)
  • The growth of tissue compartments is regulated by multiple intercellular and intracellular signaling pathways, including the Hippo signaling pathway that limits the growth of various organs. (molcells.org)
  • The signaling pathways regulating periosteal response to fracture are largely unknown. (uconn.edu)
  • Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase (PI3K) is a lipid kinase activated by various signaling pathways. (uconn.edu)
  • The endogenous signaling molecules and pathways that regulate monocyte polarization in vivo are poorly understood. (ufv.es)
  • We now define the signaling pathways involved. (ufv.es)
  • Objective: To determine the molecular mechanisms and signal transduction pathways by which β2M and TGFβ regulate monocyte responses both in vitro and in vivo. (ufv.es)
  • We show that TMEM53 acts as an inhibitor of BMP-SMAD signaling by preventing SMAD accumulation in the cell nucleus and that its deficiency enhances osteogenic differentiation by overactivating the BMP signaling pathway. (nature.com)
  • Our findings establish a previously unreported SBD entity and demonstrate a regulatory mechanism in the BMP signaling pathway that impacts bone formation and development. (nature.com)
  • An important anti-tumor mechanism of hSulf-1 operates by decreasing downstream AKT signaling pathway activity and inhibiting the nuclear import of CDK4. (oncotarget.com)
  • The expression of transthyretin, a protein shown to sequester Aβ and prevent amyloid fibril formation in vitro , and several genes in the insulin-signaling pathway, e.g., insulin-like growth factor-2, were increased selectively in the hippocampus of APP Sw mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • These receptors function as ligand-dependent transcription factors [2] - [4] , acting either through the transcriptional regulation of genes (genomic pathway) or through membrane and cytoplasmic signaling cascades (non-genomic pathway). (scirp.org)
  • Current BC treatment options exclusively target the genomic signaling pathway. (scirp.org)
  • Downregulation of Herg1 suppresses osteosarcoma proliferation and invasion by targeting Hippo signaling pathway]. (cancerindex.org)
  • The Wnt pathway mediates the biological processes of the canonical or non-canonical pathway, depending on the involvement of β-catenin in signal transduction. (chemdiv.com)
  • Human INT1 has been found to be very similar to mouse INT1, thus most revealing the highly conserved nature of this pathway across species [3]. (chemdiv.com)
  • Measuring protein phosphorylation and expression in glioblastoma cells across 40 signaling pathway nodes in response to different drugs and for different oxygen tensions revealed that SHP2 antagonism has network-level, context-dependent signaling consequences that affect cell phenotypes (e.g., cell death) in unanticipated ways. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In this review, we summarize recent studies that have explored the relationship between the Hippo signaling pathway and growth of optic neuroepithelial compartments. (molcells.org)
  • Binding of BMP2/4 to their receptors initiates the signal transduction cascade by inducing phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/9, which can then form hetero-complexes with SMAD4 followed by translocation into the nucleus to upregulate osteogenesis-related genes. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we found that hSulf-1 overexpression in melanoma cells can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by decreasing the protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation and limiting CDK4 nuclear import. (oncotarget.com)
  • We further confirmed that hSulf-1 overexpression can inhibit AKT phosphorylation and CDK4 nuclear localization and retard the growth of melanoma xenograft tumors in nude mice. (oncotarget.com)
  • The data demonstrate that the level of phosphorylation of Akt (pS473) decreases when phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity is inhibited by the treatment of Jurkat cells with Wortmannin. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Moreover, phosphorylation of all four serines - harbored in the nuclear localization signal - supports RNF12 nuclear retention in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). (biologists.com)
  • Furthermore, SRPK1 and SRPK2 mediated phosphorylation of RNF12 stimulates its ubiquitylation activity in vitro . (biologists.com)
  • They also demonstrate that the same SRPK3 mutations dampen RNF12 phosphorylation reiterating SRPK-RNF12 signaling anomalies in intellectual disability disorders. (biologists.com)
  • Concomitant activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 as well as increased phosphorylation of Bad also were unique to the hippocampus of APP Sw mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • In addition, the increased expression of transthyretin and insulin-like growth factor-2 and the increased phosphorylation of Bad in hippocampal neurons were maintained in 12-month-old APP Sw mice when compared with age-matched controls. (jneurosci.org)
  • 11 12 Nuclear export of NFAT members is facilitated by phosphorylation and several kinases have been suggested to regulate NFAT function including GSK-3 (13) CK1 (14) p38 (15) and JNK1 (16). (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • With respect to transcription GSK-3 regulates a wide variety of transcription factors including cyclin D1 c-Jun NFATc and β-catenin (13 19 20 In resting cells GSK-3 is constitutively active and its activity is inhibited by various kinases via phosphorylation of a serine residue Ser-21 in GSK-3α and Ser-9 in GSK-3β in response to different stimuli (21). (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Of the two isoforms of GSK-3 GSK-3β is a more likely candidate for being an NFATc1 kinase influencing NFATc1 subcellular localization through phosphorylation (13). (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Serine phosphorylation is also required for maximal transcriptional activity (lacking in beta form). (lu.se)
  • They then focused on REX1 (or mouse Zfp42) transcription factor, a canonical downstream substrate of RNF12 that plays a crucial role in X-chromosome inactivation 12 . (biologists.com)
  • Speaking more specifically, β-catenin is an integral structural component of cadherin-based adhesive junctions as well as it a key nuclear effector of canonical in nucleus Wnt signaling. (chemdiv.com)
  • β2M Signals Monocytes Through Non-Canonical TGFβ Receptor Signal Transduction. (ufv.es)
  • Furthermore, these immune molecules share a common receptor, but induce SMAD-dependent canonical signaling (TGFβ) versus non-canonical SMAD-independent signaling (β2M) in a ubiquitin ligase dependent manner. (ufv.es)
  • The N-terminal region of the protein binds CDC2 to form a complex showing reduced H1 histone kinase activity, indicating a role as a negative regulator of CDC2/cyclin A. In addition, the C-terminal kinase domain binds to its own N-terminal region, suggesting potential negative regulation through interference with complex formation via intramolecular binding. (cancerindex.org)
  • RSK2, an ERK downstream kinase, is a novel mediator of skeletal muscle cell differentiation through its regulation of NFAT3 activity. (nih.gov)
  • We found that the N-terminal (amino acids (aa) 1-68) and C-terminal (aa 416-674) kinase domains of RSK2 directly interacted with nuclear localization signal 1, the Ser/Pro repeat, and the polyproline domains (aa 261-365) of NFAT3. (nih.gov)
  • Collectively, these results suggest that in glioblastoma, SHP2 inhibitors antagonize some signaling processes more effectively than existing kinase inhibitors but can also limit the efficacy of other drugs when used in combination. (aacrjournals.org)
  • BMP2K or Bone morphogenic protein 2 inducible kinase is the human homolog of mouse BMP-2-inducible kinase which plays a key role in skeletal development and patterning. (signalchem.com)
  • BMP2K is a serine/threonine protein kinase which contains a nuclear localization signal and plays a regulatory role in attenuating the program of osteoblast differentiation. (signalchem.com)
  • The formation of extracellular plaques is common to all lines of transgenic mice overexpressing high levels of mutant APP. (jneurosci.org)
  • In this study, transgenic and nontransgenic control mice were generated from C57B6/SJL N2 generation Tg2576 mice backcrossed to C57B6/SJL breeders. (jneurosci.org)
  • Our data from cell lines, primary neurons, transgenic mice, and patient tissue suggest that poly‐GA promotes TDP‐43 aggregation by inhibiting the proteasome cell‐autonomously and non‐cell‐autonomously, which can be prevented by inhibiting poly‐GA transmission with antibodies or boosting proteasome activity with rolipram. (synergy-munich.de)
  • The rat PB gene promoter (454 bp) contains ARE [ 11 ] and directs a hormonal and developmental regulated expression, of a heterologous gene, specifically to the prostate in transgenic mice [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Transgenic mice bearing PB promoter fused to simian virus 40 large tumor antigen gene all consistently develop prostate adenocarcinoma [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Remarkably transgenic mice expressing the GSK3β-S9A mutant show an osteopetrotic phenotype due to impaired osteoclast differentiation. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Further osteoclast PKR Inhibitor precursor cells from the transgenic mice show defects in expression and nuclear localization of NFATc1. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • In recent years green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequoria Victoria has gained popularity in mouse transgenic and gene targeting regimes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ECFP and EYFP-expressing transgenic ES cells and mice that we have generated provide sources of cells and tissues for combinatorial, double-tagged recombination experiments, chimeras or transplantations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This involved the generation of three transgenic mouse lines, namely a Nph3-KI, a Nph3-KO and a double Nph1/Nph3-KO mouse line. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • By the use of the Cre-loxP systrem, based on two loxP sites in the Nph3-KI allele, a Nph3-KO mouse line was established by mating Nph3-KI with Cre-expressing transgenic mice. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. (proteopedia.org)
  • Upon VEGF stimulation, RhoJ is required for the formation of the holoreceptor complex comprising VEGFR2, PlexinD1, and neuropilin-1, thereby preventing degradation of internalized VEGFR2, prolonging downstream signal transductions via PLCγ, Erk, and Akt, and promoting forward EC migration. (bvsalud.org)
  • RSK2 phosphorylated NFAT3 in vitro (Km=3.559 microM), and activation of NFAT3 by RSK2 enhanced the promoter activity of NFAT3 downstream target genes in vivo. (nih.gov)
  • To uncover hidden laws of integration driving angiogenic morphogenesis, we analyzed EC behaviors in an in vitro angiogenic sprouting assay using mouse aortic explants in combination with mathematical modeling. (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, RNF12 and SRPK2 are robustly expressed in the adult mouse brain during in vitro neuronal maturation. (biologists.com)
  • In this study, we have analyzed and compared three prostate-specific promoters (PSA, probasin, and MMTV LTR) for their specificity and activity both in vitro and in vivo . (hindawi.com)
  • 1998). In parallel to the in vivo approach, a bacterial protein expression system was established, leading to the production of recombinant Nph1 and Nph3 for use in future in vitro experiments.Analysis of Nph3 expression in Nph3-KI mice was performed by assaying brain sections for beta-galactosidase activity, based on the co-expression of beta-galactosidase from Nph3-expressing cells. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • This can be adressed by electrophysiological analysis of the double Nph1/Nph3-KO mouse line, as well as by in vitro experiments using recombinant neurexophilins. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Signal network analysis from scRNA-seq datasets revealed that genes in Notch and retinoic acid (RA) signaling are significantly downregulated in Nkx2-5-null endocardial cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
  • Nrf2 stabilization and increase in its half-life even to 200 min [ 9 ] allows nuclear translocation and activation of transcription of cytoprotective genes (Fig. 1 ). (springer.com)
  • The effects of corticosteroids are predominantly mediated by the inhibition of NF-κB deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-binding activity, which controls genes encoding inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules in respiratory epithelial cells 10 - 13 . (ersjournals.com)
  • We guarantee* our predesigned guide RNAs targeting human or mouse, rat, zebrafish, or nematode genes. (idtdna.com)
  • Our studies revealed that increased stability and nuclear localization of Osterix observed in YF periosteal cells may explain this enhanced osteogenic differentiation since expression of Osterix transcriptional target genes is increased. (uconn.edu)
  • We found that stimulated neutrophils eject extracellular DNA after decondensation of the nuclear DNA in the nucleus, rupture of the lamin meshwork and nuclear membrane allowing the release of decondensed chromatin to the cytosol, disassembly of the actin, microtubule and vimentin intermediate filaments networks, vesiculation of the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane and finally rupture of the plasma membrane. (mpg.de)
  • The roles of b-catenin are 'classically' defined: as an adhesion protein and as a signaling protein, transducing extracellular signals to the nucleus to modify gene expression. (chemdiv.com)
  • A recent report 35 demonstrates efficient in vivo prime editing in enriched degenerating retinitis pigmentosa mouse retinas with dual-AAV delivery of PE-SpRY, but this system may not be applicable to uses that do not confer a survival advantage among edited cells. (nature.com)
  • These studies indicate that the NLS1 is a major regulator of p53 activity in vivo. (umassmed.edu)
  • In vivo and ex vivo analyses validate that the Nkx2-5-Notch axis is essential for the generation of both hemogenic and cushion endocardial cells, and the suppression of RA signaling via Dhrs3 expression plays important roles in further differentiation into macrophages. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, the telomerase complex contains numerous additional components that ensure the in vivo activity of the enzyme. (actanaturae.ru)
  • Taken into account former studies on Nph1, a neurogenetic approach was followed by the use of the knock-in technology in order to characterize in vivo the role of Nph3 in the mouse brain. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • PCR primers are shown in panel A. The FRT-flanked neomycin selection cassette was excised in vivo by crossing F1 progeny of PRCre chimeras bearing the targeted allele to mice expressing Flpe recombinase systemically (Rodríguez et al. (cdc.gov)
  • In summary, the study demonstrates that the Nkx2-5/Notch/RA signaling plays a pivotal role in macrophage differentiation from hematopoietic progenitors. (bvsalud.org)
  • A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
  • It was shown by the authors that fluticasone propionate exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by blocking a signal transduction leading to a reduced level of IκB-α/β kinases in bronchial epithelial cells. (ersjournals.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. (cancerindex.org)
  • MW) chemicals interact with host cells and molecules and In our daily life, we are confronted with a plethora of natural influence biologic processes such as signal transduction. (cdc.gov)
  • Rab37 mediated CHI3L1 intracellular vesicle trafficking and exocytosis in a GTP-dependent manner, which is abolished in the splenocytes and BMDMs from Rab37 knockout mice and attenuated in macrophage or T cell lines expressing the inactive Rab37. (thno.org)
  • Analyses of the molecular pathophysiology using the primary cells from the Tmem53 -/- mice and the TMEM53 knock-out cell lines indicates that TMEM53 inhibits BMP signaling in osteoblast lineage cells by blocking cytoplasm-nucleus translocation of BMP2-activated Smad proteins. (nature.com)
  • 25 BARD1 also regulates the subcellular localisation of BRCA1, both by translocating BRCA1 into the nucleus and by inhibiting its nuclear export. (bmj.com)
  • To address this conundrum, several studies have proposed that PTEN fulfils novel tumor suppressor functions in the nucleus unrelated to its PIP 3 phosphatase activity ( Worby and Dixon, 2014 ). (rupress.org)
  • Murine embryonic fibroblasts generated from homozygous p53 ( NLS1 ) animals are partially defective in cell cycle arrest and do not respond to inhibitory signals from oncogenic Ras. (umassmed.edu)
  • 29 Moreover, a recent study in mice showed that loss of Bard1 results in early embryonic lethality and chromosomal instability, indicating a role of Bard1 in maintenance of genomic integrity. (bmj.com)
  • We introduced the human missense mutation into the orthologous position of the mouse Gjc2 gene and inserted the mCx47M282T coding sequence into the mouse genome via homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Fam13a-mutant mice are viable and healthy, indicating that Fam13a is dispensable for embryonic development and physiological functions in adult animals. (illinois.edu)
  • Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a branch of a functional network that is involved in a broad range of biological systems including stem cells, embryonic development and adult organs. (chemdiv.com)
  • We have previously demonstrated the utility and developmental neutrality of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in embryonic stem (ES) cells and mice [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In most cancers, hSulf-1 is inactivated, which endows cancer cells with increasesed cell proliferation and metastatic activities, inhibition of apoptosis, and decreased sensitivity to radio- and chemotherapy. (oncotarget.com)
  • The decreased expression of hSulf-1 is closely related to cancer cell proliferation, increased metastatic activity, inhibition of apoptosis, and reduced sensitivity to radio- and chemotherapy [ 3 - 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Importantly, proteasome inhibition led to the accumulation of TDP‐43 ubiquitinated within the nuclear localization signal (NLS) at lysine 95. (synergy-munich.de)
  • However, the ability of phosphatases to regulate many targets directly or indirectly and to both promote and antagonize oncogenic signaling may make the efficacy of phosphatase inhibition challenging to predict. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Inhibition of ubiquitin ligase activity blocked noncanonical SMAD-independent monocyte signaling and skewed monocytes towards a pro-reparative monocyte response. (ufv.es)
  • Our results establish a previously unreported SBD entity (craniotubular dysplasia, Ikegawa type) and contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of BMP signaling and bone formation. (nature.com)
  • These findings demonstrate a novel role for GSK-3β in the regulation of bone remodeling through modulation of NFATc1 in RANKL signaling. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • We will focus particularly on the roles of a tumor suppressor, neurofibromin 2 (NF2), whose expression is not only dependent on compartment-specific transcription factors, but is also subject to regulation by a Hippo-Yap feedback signaling circuit. (molcells.org)
  • 22, 23 The significance of BARD1/BRCA1 collaboration has also been emphasised by studies of its ubiquitin ligase activity that might contribute to tumour suppression and other biological functions of BRCA1. (bmj.com)
  • Although these phenotypes indicate a vital role for tubby proteins, no biochemical function has yet been ascribed to any family member [ ( PUBMED:10591637 ) ], although it has been suggested that the phenotypic features of tubby mice may be the result of cellular apoptosis triggered by expression of the mutated tub gene. (embl.de)
  • The phenotype of Bard1 null mice was found to be remarkably similar to that of Brca1 nulls, further emphasising the functional relationship between these two proteins. (bmj.com)
  • However, the finding by two independent research groups that mice expressing mutant PTEN proteins that selectively lack lipid phosphatase activity develop worse tumors than mice expressing no PTEN argues strongly against PTEN having dominant tumor suppressor functions that act fully independently of its PIP 3 phosphatase activity. (rupress.org)
  • 1993). Previous studies have shown that neurexophilins are secreted proteins of small molecular weight with structural features that resemble those of neuropeptides, suggesting a possible signaling function mediated by alpha-neurexins (Petrenko et al. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Furthermore, nuclear accumulation of NFAT3 was attenuated markedly in RSK2-/- cells compared with wild-type RSK2+/+ cells. (nih.gov)
  • This work helps explain the nuclear accumulation of PTEN observed in many healthy tissues and, because Ipo11 mutant mice develop lung tumors, also implicates Importin-11 as a novel tumor suppressor. (rupress.org)
  • Using imaging flow cytometry, we found that β2M decreased monocyte SMAD2/3 nuclear localization, while TGFβ promoted SMAD nuclear translocation, but decreased noncanonical/ inflammatory (JNK and NFκB nuclear localization). (ufv.es)
  • HMGB1 is secreted and acts to transduce cellular signals through its high affinity receptor, RAGE and possibly, TLR2 and TLR4. (thermofisher.cn)
  • HMGB1 also act as DNA nuclear binding protein that has recently been shown to be an early trigger of sterile inflammation in animal models of trauma-hemorrhage via the activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the receptor for the advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). (thermofisher.cn)
  • We have shown that platelet derived beta-2 microglobulin (β2M) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) have opposing effects on monocytes by inducing inflammatory and reparative phenotypes respectively, but each bind and signal through the same receptor. (ufv.es)
  • Pathogenic variants in the patients impair the TMEM53-mediated blocking effect, thus leading to overactivated BMP signaling that promotes bone formation and contributes to the SBD phenotype. (nature.com)
  • To map specific signaling consequences of SHP2 antagonism to phenotypes of interest, a data-driven computational model was constructed based on the paired signaling and phenotype data. (aacrjournals.org)
  • RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas systems - We use biochemical activity assays in conjunction with structural techniques and sequencing to investigate RNA-targeting CRISPR systems, such as the Type VI effector, Cas13a. (berkeley.edu)
  • However, the mechanism by which nuclear translocation is regulated remains unclear. (nature.com)
  • Bone formation represents a heritable trait regulated by many signals and complex mechanisms. (nature.com)
  • Thus the present study was designed to determine gene expression profiles in the hippocampus and cerebellum of 6-month-old APP Sw mice compared with age-matched controls and to identify potential mechanisms responsible for protecting neurons from Aβ toxicity. (jneurosci.org)
  • This is supported by studies in knockout mice showing development of soft-tissue sarcomas, ovarian stromal cell tumors and a high sensitivity to carcinogenic treatments. (cancerindex.org)
  • SUMMARY BLURB Essential oil derived from the camphor tree acts by stimulating immune cell-dependent regression of skin tumors in a mouse model of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. (biorxiv.org)
  • Both mice model with xenograft prostate tumor model and canine model were used. (hindawi.com)
  • A number of PSPs have been defined over the years that include, but not limited to, promoters of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), probasin (PB), mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV LTR), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), and prostatic steroid-binding protein C3. (hindawi.com)
  • Multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the protein level of Rab37 and CHI3L1, and localization of the tumor-infiltrating immune cells in allografts from mice or tumor specimens from cancer patients. (thno.org)
  • Model-generated hypotheses were validated in multiple glioblastoma cell lines, in mouse tumor xenografts, and through analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We tested an essential-oil derivative, camphor white oil (CWO), for anti-tumor activity in a mouse model of keratinocyte-derived skin cancer. (biorxiv.org)
  • Furthermore, many lines of evidence imply that this nuclear localization has a big influence on the activities of PTEN, which control cell behavior and block tumor formation. (rupress.org)
  • This leaves the question of why nuclear PTEN correlates with tumor suppression. (rupress.org)
  • In this study, we discover a previously unknown type of SBD and identify its causal gene, TMEM53 , which encodes nuclear envelope transmembrane (NET) protein 53 (TMEM53, also known as NET4). (nature.com)
  • Tubby, an autosomal recessive mutation, mapping to mouse chromosome 7, was recently found to be the result of a splicing defect in a novel gene with unknown function. (embl.de)
  • Gene expression profiles in the hippocampus and cerebellum of 6-month-old APP Sw mice were compared with age-matched controls. (jneurosci.org)
  • Therefore, we were interested in early gene expression changes that might mediate neuroprotection in these mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • Genetically manipulated mice, often incorporating gene-based reporters, are frequently being used to model and understand mammalian development and disease processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition because GSK-3β-deficient mice die (23) the relevance of GSK-3β in osteoclast precursors has not been well characterized. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • The impact of aberrant PI3K signaling on macrophages and osteoclast precursors (OCPs) in fractured periosteum is not well unexplored. (uconn.edu)
  • Alpha-CPs play important roles in post-transcriptional activities and have different cellular distributions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ease of manipulating its genome has helped establish the mouse as the premier model organism for mammalian genetic studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. (proteopedia.org)
  • In the optic neuroepithelial continuum, which is partitioned into the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and ciliary margin (CM) during eye development, the Hippo signaling activity operates differentially, as it does in many tissues. (molcells.org)
  • Recently, we used a similar large-scale protein engineering and screening platform to construct circularly permuted, viral protease-activated ProCas9s that orchestrate programmed cellular responses to pathogen-associated protease activity. (berkeley.edu)
  • Amino acids at these positions are known to alter viral polymerase activity in mammalian and avian cells at different temperatures ( 7 - 11 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We compared the viral polymerase activity of wild-type GD with that of A/Anhui/1/2013(H7N9) virus (AN) in human A549 cells at 33°C or 37°C (temperatures of the human upper and lower respiratory tract) and in chicken DF-1 cells at 39°C (body temperature of birds). (cdc.gov)
  • In human A549 cells, wild-type GD showed viral polymerase activity comparable to that of AN/PB2-627E-701N Technical Appendix Figure 1, panel A). These results indicate that the viral polymerase activity of wild-type GD in mammalian cells has increased more than that of virus bearing avian-like ancestral AN/PB2-627E. (cdc.gov)
  • To determine which component of the viral replication complex (PB2, PB1, polymerase acidic [PA], or nucleoprotein) contributes to the activity of the GD polymerase complex, we tested the polymerase activity of GD replication complexes in which we had replaced each viral protein with its AN/PB2-627E counterpart. (cdc.gov)
  • We found that the viral polymerase activity in A549 cells was remarkably decreased by AN/PB2-627E and moderately decreased by AN-PA ( Technical Appendix Figure 1, panel B). These results suggest that the PB2 and the PA of GD are involved in the relatively high polymerase activity of the GD replication complex. (cdc.gov)
  • Viral polymerase activity of wild-type, PB2 mutant, and PA mutant polymerase complexes. (cdc.gov)
  • A) Viral polymerase activities of highly pathogenic influenza A(H7N9) virus GD replication complexes harboring amino acid substitutions in PB2. (cdc.gov)
  • The protein levels and activity are tightly regulated in cells. (umassmed.edu)
  • A recent study reported that cardiac lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) stem from venous and non-venous origins in mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • We performed high resolution time-lapse microscopy of mouse and human neutrophils (PMN) and differentiated HL60 neutrophil-like cells (dHL-60) labelled with fluorescent markers of the cytoskeleton and organelles and stimulated with ionomycin, lipopolysaccharides or C. albicans to induce NETosis. (mpg.de)
  • In CF disease, a nonregulated inflammatory lung response occurs through exaggerated nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines production by airway epithelial cells. (ersjournals.com)
  • Interestingly, the expression of two IκB kinases (IKK)-α/β, the degradation of cytosolic IκB-β inhibitor and the NF-κB deoxyribonucleic acid binding activity were markedly reduced after FP treatment in both CF and non-CF bronchial epithelial cells. (ersjournals.com)
  • One of the major clinical manifestations of CFTR mutations is neutrophil dominated inflammation 2 , 3 , implying that defective CFTR affects the immune function of airway epithelial cells, in particular the production of nuclear factor (NF)-κB-dependent chemokines. (ersjournals.com)
  • How CFTR dysfunction in CF airway cells contributes to the activation and nuclear localisation of NF-κB is still unclear. (ersjournals.com)
  • These results suggest that the slow progression and lack of full-fledged Alzheimer's disease pathology in the hippocampal neurons of APP Sw mice result from the genetic reprogramming of neural cells to cope with increased levels of Aβ. (jneurosci.org)
  • 10-15-day-old homozygous Cx47M282T and Cx47 null mice revealed a more than 80% reduction in the number of cells participating in glial networks after biocytin injections into oligodendrocytes in sections of corpus callosum. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Although Wnt signaling remains largely normal in Fam13a-knockout lungs, depletion of Fam13a in human lung cancer cells causes an obvious reduction in Wnt signaling activity. (illinois.edu)
  • To this end, we have established lines of ES cells together with viable and fertile mice having widespread expression of either the ECFP or EYFP GFP-variant reporters. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although both viruses exhibited comparable activity in DF-1 cells, AN activity was higher than GD activity in A549 cells at both temperatures because wild-type AN/PB2 acquired polymerase activity-enhancing K at position 627 of PB2 during replication in the infected human ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In cultured keratinocytes, CWO stimulated calcium signaling, resulting in calcineurin-dependent activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). (biorxiv.org)
  • Stem cells are characterized by a lower telomerase activity, which enables only partial compensation for the shortening of telomeres. (actanaturae.ru)
  • Somatic cells are usually characterized by the absence of telomerase activity. (actanaturae.ru)
  • Recombinant mouse BMP2K (1-422) was expressed by baculovirus in Sf9 insect cells using an N-terminal GST tag. (signalchem.com)
  • Interaction with human PPIA/CYPA protects the virus from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. (proteopedia.org)
  • The targeting vector was inserted into ES cells in culture and a Nph3-KI mouse line was generated (blastocyst injections and transplantations were performed in collaboration). (uni-goettingen.de)
  • A) Sex differences in density of -gal+ (PR+) cells in adult PRPL/PL mice. (cdc.gov)
  • F) The vast majority of -gal+ (PR+) cells in various regions in PRPL mice are neurons, as evidenced by co-labeling with NeuroTrace (fluorescent Nissl) in the arcuate and NeuN for the remaining regions. (cdc.gov)
  • G) No sex difference in nuclear or soma size of PR+ VMHvl cells in PRPL mice. (cdc.gov)
  • We examined the concentration of CHI3L1 in the culture medium of splenocytes and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) from wild-type or Rab37 knockout mice, and macrophage or T cell lines expressing wild type, active GTP-bound or inactive GDP-bound Rab37. (thno.org)
  • Here we analyzed the effect of PI3K activity modulation by Cbl on macrophages and/or OCPs upon initiation of fracture healing. (uconn.edu)
  • We found increased myeloid precursors in YF bone marrow (BM) and periosteum and observed an enhanced responsiveness to M-CSF signaling in BM macrophages (BMMs). (uconn.edu)
  • Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. (proteopedia.org)
  • One important mechanism of carcinogenesis is uncontrolled cell proliferation caused by the excessive activation of cell proliferation signals. (oncotarget.com)
  • Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. (proteopedia.org)
  • The cell- ations in these signals (see Table 1 for a glossary of terms). (lu.se)
  • 26 The suggested role in TP53 dependent apoptotic signalling 27 and interaction with the ankyrin repeats of proto-oncoprotein BCL3, thereby possibly modulating the activity of transcription factor NFKB, 28 represent BRCA1 independent functions of BARD1. (bmj.com)
  • The goal of this study was to further investigate the role of PI3K signaling upon initiation of fracture healing. (uconn.edu)
  • The first well-controlled studies of PTEN expression and localization in tissue samples from cancer patients provided a consistent but puzzling picture. (rupress.org)
  • Early experiments identified nuclear localization signal 1 (NLS1) as a regulator of p53 localization. (umassmed.edu)
  • ChemDiv's Inhibitors of beta-Catenin Signaling Library contains 8,000 compounds. (chemdiv.com)
  • Model predictions aided in identifying three signaling processes with implications for treating glioblastoma with SHP2 inhibitors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Polymerase basic 2-482R, polymerase basic 2-588V, and polymerase acidic-497R individually or additively enhanced virus polymerase activity, indicating that multiple replication-enhancing mutations in 1 isolate may contribute to virulence. (cdc.gov)
  • This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. (proteopedia.org)
  • β-catenin is a component of the complex cadherin complex whose stabilization is required to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (chemdiv.com)
  • In amphibians, the formation of the anterior-posterior (AP) axis is dependent on Spemann's organizer activity( Spemann and Mangold, 1924 ). (silverchair.com)
  • β -catenin has many binding partners that mediate a diverse set of cellular functions, and the protein probably acts as a 'hub' on which many cellular signaling networks impinge. (chemdiv.com)
  • Known cellular targets of ethanol include the glutamatergic signaling system, which is critical for synchronizing the clock to the environment. (kent.edu)
  • Our data show that ethanol treatment in hamsters and mice blocks the synchronizing action of light in the clock mechanism. (kent.edu)
  • C-E) Co-labeling VMHvl neurons for PR (anti--gal) and Cckar (mRNA) in PRPL/PL mice. (cdc.gov)
  • VMHvl neurons in PRCre/+ and PRCre/PL male and female mice. (cdc.gov)
  • lator homozygous deficient mice (CFTR-/-) compared to normal mice after Pseudomonas aeruginosa stimulation 9 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Upon A23187 stimulation, RSK2 induced nuclear localization of NFAT3. (nih.gov)
  • The N-terminal ( IPR005398 ) portion of the protein is conserved neither in length nor sequence, but, in TUB, contains the nuclear localisation signal and may have transcriptional-activation activity. (embl.de)
  • 3' of this transgene is a WPRE sequence and an hGH polyA signal sequence (pA). (cdc.gov)
  • Three-week-old homozygous Cx47M282T mice displayed impaired rotarod performance but unchanged open-field behavior. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Homozygous expression of mCx47M282T resulted in reduced MBP expression and astrogliosis in the cerebellum of ten-day-old mice which could also be detected in Cx47 null mice of the same age. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Three-month-old homozygous Cx47M282T mice exhibited neither altered open-field behavior nor impaired rotarod performance anymore. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Adult mCx47M282T expressing mice did not show substantial myelin alterations, but homozygous Cx47M282T mice, additionally deprived of connexin32, which is also expressed in oligodendrocytes, died within six weeks after birth and displayed severe myelin defects accompanied by astrogliosis and activated microglia. (prolekarniky.cz)