Activin receptors type ii. Medical search. Frequent questions

Complemented ACVR2 protein complexed with ACVR1 with activin treatment, generating nuclear phosphoSMAD2 and activin-specific gene transcription. (nih.gov)
Momelotinib has a differentiated mode of action with inhibitory ability along three key signalling pathways: activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1)/activin receptor-like kinase-2 (ALK2), Janus kinase (JAK) 1, and JAK2. (gsk.com)
The ACVR1 gene provides instructions for making the activin receptor type-1 (ACVR1) protein, which is a member of a protein family called bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptors. (medlineplus.gov)
Another protein called FKBP12 can turn off (inhibit) ACVR1 by binding to the receptor and preventing inappropriate (leaky) activation in the absence of ligands. (medlineplus.gov)
Other ACVR1 gene variants result in a receptor protein that is turned on by ligands more easily than the normal version of the protein. (medlineplus.gov)
As in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, the ACVR1 variant increases the activity of the ACVR1 receptor. (medlineplus.gov)
In combination with other cellular changes, abnormal ACVR1 receptor activity can make cells grow and divide uncontrollably, leading to cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
The genetic cause of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva was identified as a recurrent missense mutation in the GS activation domain of activin receptor Ia/activinlike kinase 2 ( ACVR1/ALK2 ), a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor, in all individuals with classic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. (medscape.com)
A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. (medscape.com)
Classic and atypical fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) phenotypes are caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor ACVR1. (medscape.com)

A corresponding class of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases has recently been discovered that act as cell surface receptors for ligands of the TGFβ superfamily. (biologists.com)
Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase forming with the TGF-beta type II serine/threonine kinase receptor, TGFBR2, the non-promiscuous receptor for the TGF-beta cytokines TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3. (tgf-a.com)
In human beings, three isoforms of TGF-have been explained, TGF-ligands is definitely transduced through cell surface area recaptor complexes of two unique types of transmembrane serine-threonine kinases, the sort I and type II receptors. (molecularcircuit.com)
Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I (I and IB) and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. (chemeurope.com)
These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with cysteine-rich region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain with predicted serine/threonine specificity. (chemeurope.com)
Expression cloning of an activin receptor, a predicted transmembrane serine kinase. (chemeurope.com)
1996). "Identification of type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors for growth/differentiation factor-5. (chemeurope.com)
Receptors for ACTIVINS are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES, thus also named activin receptor-like kinases (ALK's). (bvsalud.org)

ACVR2 transmits the growth effects of activin via phosphorylation of SMAD proteins to affect gene transcription. (nih.gov)
BMPR family of proteins is a valuable tool for studying ligand-receptor interactions, downstream signaling events, and determining therapeutic targets. (news-medical.net)
Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. (neuromics.com)
Activation may occur when these ligands, such as BMPs or a protein called activin A, attach (bind) to the receptor or to other proteins with which it forms a complex. (medlineplus.gov)
[7] [8] Activin, inhibin and a number of other structurally related proteins such as anti-Müllerian hormone , bone morphogenetic protein , and growth differentiation factor belong to the TGF-β protein superfamily . (wikidoc.org)

In a lab, it has been shown that truncated mutations in the ACVR2 gene causes a significant reduction in activin mediated cell signaling. (wikipedia.org)
The type I target gene folded gastrulation is activated only in response to peak levels of the Dl gradient, so that expression is restricted to a subdomain of the presumptive mesoderm. (sdbonline.org)
The type II target gene snail contains a series of low-affinity Dl-binding sites, as well as binding sites for the bHLH activator, Twist. (sdbonline.org)
The type IV target gene rhomboid is expressed in lateral stripes that encompass the ventral half of the presumptive neuroectoderm. (sdbonline.org)
When applied to cancer research, microarray technology typically measures gene expressions of cancer and normal tissues or different types of cancer. (hindawi.com)
Four children with pulmonary AVMs carried an endoglin gene mutation (HHT type 1), and 1 carried an activin receptor-like kinase 1 gene mutation (HHT type 2). (nih.gov)
Along with other BMPs, including BMP-2, -4 and -7, which are well known as potent osteoinductive growth factors, GDF-5 plays important roles in the development of bones, cartilage and tendons, as evidenced by the tendency for the gene and protein expression levels of GDF-5 to increase over time in these tissues. (ispub.com)
ALK1 signalling analysis identifies angiogenesis related genes and reveals disparity between TGF-beta and constitutively active receptor induced gene expression. (manchester.ac.uk)
Analysing ALK1 regulated gene expression after 4 hours revealed 13 genes to be up- and 2 to be down-regulated. (manchester.ac.uk)
Evaluation of ALK1 regulated gene expression in different human endothelial cell types was not in complete agreement. (manchester.ac.uk)
Dive into the research topics of 'ALK1 signalling analysis identifies angiogenesis related genes and reveals disparity between TGF-beta and constitutively active receptor induced gene expression. (manchester.ac.uk)
Variations in this gene are a cause of susceptibility to colorectal cancer type 3 (CRCS3). (cancerindex.org)
While Smad1/5/8 are phosphorylated by ALK1/2/3/6 upon BMP or GDF activation, Smad2/3 are phosphorylated by ALK4/5/7 pursuing TGF-binds TGF-receptor type II (Ttarget gene promoters, the Smad complicated associates with additional transcription elements [22,23]. (molecularcircuit.com)
Activin A receptor, type IIA , also known as ACVR2A , is a human gene. (chemeurope.com)
This gene encodes activin A type II receptor. (chemeurope.com)
a b Entrez Gene: ACVR2A activin A receptor, type IIA. (chemeurope.com)
1994). "Expression of the type II activin receptor gene in the human placenta. (chemeurope.com)

The activin type 2 receptors belong to a larger TGF-beta receptor family and modulate signals for transforming growth factor beta ligands. (wikipedia.org)
Despite the large amount of processes that these ligands regulate, they all operate through essentially the same pathway: A ligand binds to a type 2 receptor, which recruits and trans-phosphorylates a type I receptor. (wikipedia.org)
Several ligands that signal through the activin type 2 receptors regulate muscle growth. (wikipedia.org)
Such receptors exhibit unique ligand-binding specificities and mediate distinct signaling cascades, even though they could cross-interact with other TGF-β family ligands. (news-medical.net)
As a result, the receptor is constantly turned on (constitutively activated), even in the absence of ligands. (medlineplus.gov)
and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. (chemeurope.com)

Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects. (wikidoc.org)
Inhibin is also a dimer wherein the first component is a beta subunit similar or identical to the beta subunit in activin. (wikidoc.org)
However, in contrast to activin, the second component of the inhibin dimer is a more distantly-related alpha subunit. (wikidoc.org)
The activin and inhibin protein complexes are both dimeric in structure, and, in each complex, the two monomers are linked to one another by a single disulfide bond . (wikidoc.org)
Schematic diagram of the 1D structures of inhibin and activin. (wikidoc.org)
In mammals, four beta subunits have been described, called activin β A , activin β B , activin β C and activin β E . Activin β A and β B are identical to the two beta subunits of inhibin. (wikidoc.org)
The β C subunit is able to form activin heterodimers with β A or β B subunits but is unable to dimerize with inhibin α. (wikidoc.org)
The physiology and pathophysiology of inhibin, activin and follistatin in female reproduction. (chemeurope.com)
Inhibin antagonizes inhibition of liver cell growth by activin by a dominant-negative mechanism. (chemeurope.com)

Seven type I receptors (Activin-recaptor like kinases, ALKs, 1C7) and five type II receptors are known in vertebrates. (molecularcircuit.com)
Type II receptors are considered to be constitutively active kinases. (chemeurope.com)
As those transmembrane receptors of the TGF-beta superfamily (RECEPTORS, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA), ALK's consist of two different but related protein kinases, Type I and Type II. (bvsalud.org)

There are two predominant types of HHT caused by mutations in endoglin ( ENG ) and ACVRL1 / activin receptor-like kinase 1 ( ALK1 ) genes, named HHT1 and HHT2, respectively. (aspetjournals.org)

The type I receptor recruits a receptor regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) which it phosphorylates. (wikipedia.org)
ACVR2-complemented MSI-H colon cancers restore activin-SMAD signaling, decrease growth, and slow their cell cycle following ligand stimulation but show increased cellular migration. (nih.gov)
Upon ligand binding, type I receptors phosphorylate cytoplasmic SMAD transcription factors, which then translocate to the nucleus and interact directly with DNA or in complex with other transcription factors (Bondestam et al. (nih.gov)
Thus, activated, type I subunits recruit and phosphorylate receptor SMADs (R-smad), which are the first intracellular mediators of TGF-β signalling. (springer.com)
The ligand binds a sort II receptor, which phosphorylates somebody type I receptor, which propagates the sign in the cell via phosphorylation of downstream Smad-dependent and -self-employed procedures [20]. (molecularcircuit.com)
i.e., activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) receptor] and TGF-Beta/Smad signaling pathway in CNT-induced collagen production in human lung fibroblasts. (cdc.gov)

ACVR2 receptors are present in the testis during testicular development. (wikipedia.org)
hMLH1 and ACVR2 mutant HCT116 cells were previously stably transferred with chromosome 2 (HCT116+chr2), restoring a single regulated copy of wild-type ACVR2 but not hMLH1. (nih.gov)
HCT116+chr2 cells and HEC59+chr2 cells, but not ACVR2-mutant HCT116 or HEC59 cells, acquired wild-type ACVR2 as well as expression of ACVR2 wild-type messenger RNA. (nih.gov)
ACVR2-restored cells showed decreased growth and reduced S phase but increased cellular migration following activin treatment. (nih.gov)

Therefore, it is critical to understand the relationship (e.g., interactions) between genes across different types of cancer in order to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms of cancer. (hindawi.com)
However, the simple list of individual differentially expressed genes can only tell us which genes are altered by biological differences between different cell types and/or states. (hindawi.com)
Morphogen receptor genes and metamorphogenes: skeleton keys to metamorphosis. (medscape.com)
The tkv receptor is therefore involved in delimiting the expression domains of homeotic genes in the visceral mesoderm. (biologists.com)
The new genes were identified based solely on rare deleterious missense variants, a variant type that could not be adequately assessed in either cohort alone. (biomedcentral.com)
Rare variant analysis of a large international consortium identified two new candidate genes- FBLN2 and PDGFD . (biomedcentral.com)

Type I receptors consist of BMPR1B (ALK6) and BMPR1A (also called ALK3), while type II receptors comprise BMPR2 and ActRII (Activin receptor type II) subtypes. (news-medical.net)
analyzed the impact of RN1 (a natural product extracted from Panax notoginseng ) on bone morphogenetic protein receptors (BMPR1A and BMPR2). (news-medical.net)
Mutations in bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 ( BMPR2 ) are the cause of most heritable cases but the vast majority of other cases are genetically undefined. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 ( BMPR2 ) mutations are observed in 60-80% of familial (FPAH) cases, but data from population registries indicate that penetrance of the disease phenotype ranges from 14 to 42% [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We demonstrate that TGF-β1 activates TGF-β1 receptors TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 resulting in ALK5-mediated phosphorylation of SMAD2. (springer.com)
TGF-β1 acts predominantly through phosphorylation of the C-terminal MH2 domains of SMAD2 and SMAD3 via activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), of which activity is located at the C-terminal part of TGFBR1. (springer.com)
TGF-beta signalling is mediated by the TbetaRII/ALK5 receptor complex activating the Smad2/Smad3 pathway. (manchester.ac.uk)
Activated TGFBR1 phosphorylates SMAD2 which dissociates from the receptor and interacts with SMAD4. (tgf-a.com)

In endothelial cells TGF-beta utilizes a second type I receptor, ALK1, activating the Smad1/Smad5 pathway. (manchester.ac.uk)
In addition, the results suggest endothelial cell type specific ALK1 and TGF-beta signalling. (manchester.ac.uk)

DMH-1 exhibits 6- and 19-fold selectivity for ALK-2 over ALK-1 and ALK-3, respectively, and no significant inhibition of AMPK, ALK5, KDR (VEGFR-2) or PDGFR β receptors. (tocris.com)
Myostatin binding to type IIB activin receptor (ActRIIB) on muscle surface induces the recruitment and activation of activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), and eventually leads to forkhead box O3 (FoxO3a)-dependent transcription to promote muscle protein breakdown via the ubiquitin-proteasome system ( 23 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Activin is growth suppressive and enhances migration similar to transforming growth factor beta in colon cancer, indicating that abrogation of the effects of activin contribute to the pathogenesis of MSI-H colon cancers. (nih.gov)
1996). "Inhibitory effects of activin on the growth and morpholgenesis of primary and transformed mammary epithelial cells. (chemeurope.com)

We believe that decisive treatment benefit can only be achieved by targeting distinct cell types and pathways that collectively sustain tumor growth. (lu.se)

Smads 1, buy BV-6 2, 3, 5 and 8 will be the receptor-associated Smads or R-Smads. (molecularcircuit.com)

The formation of the receptor complex composed of 2 TGFBR1 and 2 TGFBR2 molecules symmetrically bound to the cytokine dimer results in the phosphorylation and the activation of TGFBR1 by the constitutively active TGFBR2. (tgf-a.com)
Type I and II receptors form a stable complex after ligand binding, resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. (chemeurope.com)

Within the last several years, many therapeutic strategies have already been created to inhibit TGF-receptor kinase inhibitors, buy BV-6 TGF-neutralizing antibodies, soluble receptor decoys (Fc fusions) and TGF-antisense oligonucleotides [12]. (molecularcircuit.com)
1996). "Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. receptors. (chemeurope.com)

With nutrient-stimulated hormone therapies for obesity in phase 3 trials, and activin-receptor inhibitors the next upcoming drug class, highly effective treatments for obesity are on the horizon. (medscape.com)
She then briefly touched on activin receptor inhibitors -"the next [medication] class that I think will be up and coming," she speculated. (medscape.com)

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Activin A Receptor Type II A (ACVR2A) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (lotuskringpoeldijk.nl)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Activin A Receptor Type II A (ACVR2A) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (lotuskringpoeldijk.nl)
This is a highly specific antibody against TGF beta Receptor I. (tgf-a.com)

The Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor ( BMPR ) family includes transmembrane receptors that play vital roles in tissue development and cellular signaling. (news-medical.net)
Activins have a wide range of biological activities including mesoderm induction, neural cell differentiation, bone remodeling, hematopoiesis, and reproductive physiology. (neuromics.com)
Too much receptor activity causes overgrowth of bone and cartilage, resulting in the signs and symptoms of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. (medlineplus.gov)
DMH-1 is a selective inhibitor of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) type-I receptor activin receptor-like kinase 2 (ALK2) receptor (IC 50 = 108 nM or 12.6 nM in in vitro kinase assays). (tocris.com)
J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1993 Feb. 75(2):215-9. (medscape.com)
Volumetric 3D-CT analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the total bone volume of Case 2 (378 cm 3 ) and Case 3 (833 cm 3 ) during the two-year study period. (biomedcentral.com)
TGF-superfamily also contains other elements involved in bone tissue Rabbit Polyclonal to EFNA3 homeostasis including: activins, inhibins, and bone tissue morphogeneticproteins (BMPs). (molecularcircuit.com)

Combining with activin, one of two gonadal glycoproteins related to transforming growth factor beta, to initiate a change in cell activity. (systemsbiology.net)
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the transforming growth factor beta receptor. (yeastrc.org)

Decreased expression of activin A receptor 1C may result in Ca(2+) -induced aberrant skin hypersensitivity. (nih.gov)
Here we describe the complex expression pattern of thick veins ( tkv ), which encodes a receptor for dpp . (biologists.com)
Activin A increased the expression level of type-I collagen suggesting that activin A acts as a potent activator of fibroblasts . (wikidoc.org)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training on activin receptor type II in heart and plasma levels of myostatin in male rats.Methods: After the familiarization period, twenty male rats with the limitation of three months of age were randomly divided to control (n = 10) and high-intensity interval training (n=10) groups. (ac.ir)
Activin receptor type II in the myocardial left ventricle was measured using immunohistochemistry method, and myostatin was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. (ac.ir)

Upon binding, this complex translocates to the cytoplasm, where it interacts with TGF-beta receptor type-1 (TGFBR1), leading to the degradation of both the encoded protein and TGFBR1. (cancerindex.org)

As inferred from the response of the activin receptor to activin, the type II component of the NODAL receptor phosphorylates the type I component in response to NODAL binding. (reactome.org)

Determination of type I receptor specificity by the type II receptors for TGF-beta or activin. (sinica.edu.tw)
The fucose-binding lectin, LecB, displays a unique carbohydrate-binding site that incorporates two closely located calcium ions bridging between the ligand and protein, providing specificity and unusually high affinity. (bvsalud.org)

Here we comprehensively analyzed the antiviral activity of all IFNα subtypes against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to identify the underlying immune signatures and explore their therapeutic potential. (bvsalud.org)
Prophylaxis of primary human airway epithelial cells (hAEC) with different IFNα subtypes during SARS-CoV-2 infection uncovered distinct functional classes with high, intermediate, and low antiviral IFNs. (bvsalud.org)

1993). "Identification of human activin and TGF beta type I receptors that form heteromeric kinase complexes with type II receptors. (chemeurope.com)

Jastreboff, from Yale University and the Yale Center for Weight Management, New Haven, Connecticut, provided an overview of the many nutrient-stimulated hormone-based antiobesity therapies in late phases of development - including dual and triple therapies with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) agonists, glucagon , and amylin. (medscape.com)

Dorsoventral (DV) patterning of the Drosophila embryo is initiated by a broad Dorsal (Dl) nuclear gradient, which is regulated by a conserved signaling pathway that includes the Toll receptor and Pelle kinase. (sdbonline.org)

Activin receptor-like kinase 7 silencing alleviates cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis, and dysfunction in diabetic rats. (nih.gov)
Many other functions have been found to be exerted by activin, including roles in cell proliferation, differentiation , apoptosis , [3] metabolism , homeostasis , immune response , wound repair , [4] and endocrine function. (wikidoc.org)
Combination PI3K/MEK inhibition promotes tumor apoptosis and regression in PIK3CA wild-type, KRAS mutant colorectal cancer. (mdanderson.org)

Within this complex, type II subunits phosphorylate type I subunits at their N-terminal domain. (springer.com)
Activins initiate cellular signal transduction by first binding to the type II receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II ) which then recruit and phosphorylate the type I receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I ) with subsequent activation of the type I kinase activity. (bvsalud.org)

Identified in 1986, [1] [2] activin enhances FSH biosynthesis and secretion , and participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle . (wikidoc.org)

When such chemical-signals couple or bind to a receptor, they cause some form of cellular/tissue-response, e.g. a change in the electrical-activity of a cell. (tgf-a.com)

Cloning of the human activin receptor cDNA reveals high evolutionary conservation. (chemeurope.com)

2. Find values for the kinetic parameters from experimental b pathway have been detected in several human diseases, estimates or by fitting the model to experimental kinetic most notably in many forms of cancer, and in fibrotic diseases data. (lu.se)
Step 2 often presents the main limitation for a pathway or a simple ON/OFF language as means to draw conclusions modeling approach. (lu.se)

ACVR1C is a type I receptor for the TGFB (see MIM 190180) family of signaling molecules. (nih.gov)

What are the consequences of expressing a constitutively activated form of the Toll receptor, Toll(10b), in anterior regions of the early embryo? (sdbonline.org)

These cells are responsive to both autocrine and paracrine activin B signaling, which controls their proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
Cells of the epididymis also have ACVR2A receptors present. (wikipedia.org)
Here we propose an integrative method based on the bootstrapping Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and a large set of microarray data produced with various types of cancer to discover common molecular changes in cells from normal state to cancerous state. (hindawi.com)
Yet it remains poorly understood how these factors can induce the various types of cells in the dental pulp to engage in a harmonized and coordinated process of dentin regeneration. (ispub.com)
Differentiation of distinct cell types at specific locations within a developing organism depends largely on the ability of cells to communicate. (biologists.com)
Upregulation of Activin A drives pluripotent stem cells into a mesoendodermal fate, and thus provides a useful tool for stem cell differentiation and organoid formation. (wikidoc.org)

A comparative analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data collected from three HUCMSCs and two human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) controls identified eight common cell clusters, all of which indicated regenerative potential specific for HUCMSCs. (nature.com)

TGF-β1 binding to either subunit initiates their assembly into a heteromeric protein complex that consists of two type I and two type II subunits. (springer.com)

This arrangement allows receptors to receive signals from outside the cell and transmit them inside to affect cell development and function. (medlineplus.gov)
The receptors are ligand binding factors of type 1, 2 or 3 and protein-molecules that receive chemical-signals from outside a cell. (tgf-a.com)
In this sense, am olfactory receptor is a protein-molecule that recognizes and responds to endogenous-chemical signals, chemokinesor cytokines e.g. an acetylcholine-receptor recognizes and responds to its endogenous-ligand, acetylcholine. (tgf-a.com)

Activation of signalling by the activin receptor complex. (chemeurope.com)

Two scFv antibodies were selected for each target according to their binding affinities. (news-medical.net)
Like other Alexa Fluor dyes, the Anti-TGF beta Receptor I exhibits uncommon photo stability, making it an ideal choice for fluorescent microscopy.If you buy Antibodies supplied by Bioss Primary Conjugated Antibodies. (tgf-a.com)

ACVR2B receptors were found to be localized in the rete testis. (wikipedia.org)

Chemicals and Drugs20

Phenomena and Processes1

ACVR110

Serine8

Proteins5

Gene17

Ligands6

Inhibin9

Kinases3

ACVRL11

SMAD6

ACVR24

Genes6

BMPR24

SMAD24

ALK12

ALK52

Effects of activin2

Pathways1

SMADs1

Phosphorylation2

Inhibit2

Inhibitors2

Antibody3

Bone7

Transforming grow2

Expression3

Myostatin2

TGFBR11

Phosphorylates1

Specificity2

Subtypes2

Complexes1

Peptide1

Nuclear1

Apoptosis3

Phosphorylate2

Biosynthesis1

Cellular1

CDNA1

Pathway2

TGFB1

Constitutively activated1

Cells6

Human umbilical vein endothelial cell1

Heteromeric1

Signals3

Activation1

Antibodies2

Testis1