Under the trade name Mircera, Roche Pharmaceuticals received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in January 2008 to market a continuous erythropoiesis receptor activator (methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta) for the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease, including in those undergoing dialysis. (wikipedia.org)
All the athletes tested positive for CERA (Continuous Erythropoiesis Receptor Activator), the new generation of the banned blood-booster erythropoietin (EPO), for which a test was developed only recently. (shine.cn)
CERA3
Continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) is the generic term for drugs in a new class of third-generation erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). (wikipedia.org)
Olympic officials, acting on a tip from the World Anti-Doping Agency, are retesting some doping samples from the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin to check for use of blood-boosting continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA). (mlo-online.com)
Questo approccio indiretto potrebbe essere utile anche per accertare l'abuso di altri agenti farmacologici come i continuous erythropoietin receptor activators (CERA). (unimi.it)
Vascular endoth1
Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is an oxygen-sensitive transcriptional regulator that regulates more than 70 downstream target genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor, erythropoietin, glucose transporter and so on ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Plasminogen2
It lifts the mRNA levels of plasminogen activator (PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) to play a role of activation and regulation on PA and PAI-1, thus enhancing the activity of plasminogen activator and promoting the formation of new capillaries. (spandidos-publications.com)
to be applied?APRICOT : AIDS Pegasys Ribavirin International CO-infection Trial?APSAC: Anisolyated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex?APT: Alum-precipitated toxoid?aPTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time?APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time?aq. (kuwaitpharmacy.com)
Thrombopoietin1
Jak2 is essential for the signaling of hormone-like cytokines such as growth hormone, erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, and prolactin, as well as some IFNs and cytokines that signal through the IL-3 and gp130 receptors. (umbc.edu)
Prolactin1
GH is usually a four helix bundle cytokine with structural similarity to prolactin, erythropoietin, T16Ainh-A01 leptin, and several IL and other cytokines (4). (imacst.com)
Transcription6
[ 10 ] Whereas hypoxia in an individual with normally functioning kidneys leads to erythropoietin gene transcription, and hence increased RBC production, CKD results in primary deficiency of erythropoietin production by the interstitial fibroblasts, also known as type I interstitial cells. (medscape.com)
In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. (thermofisher.com)
GH-dependent signaling is usually activated by GHR's adoption of the dimerized construction that activates the receptor-associated cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and additional kinases and following engagement from the sign transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), sTAT5A/B particularly, ERK, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, and additional pathways (18C25). (imacst.com)
Whereas hypoxia in the individual with normal functioning kidneys leads to erythropoietin gene transcription, and hence increased RBC production, in those with anemia of chronic kidney disease, there is primary deficiency of erythropoietin production by the interstitial fibroblasts, also known as type I interstitial cells, thereby leading to anemia. (medscape.com)
They are activated by autophosphorylation upon cytokine-induced receptor aggregation, and subsequently trigger downstream signaling events such as the phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). (umbc.edu)
STAT5 is a member of the signal transducer and activator of transcription factors (STAT) family, mediating growth and cytokine signaling. (biolegend.com)
Cytokine1
Jaks are crucial for cytokine receptor signaling. (umbc.edu)
Transmembrane3
They act via a family of more than 40 transmembrane receptors that are coupled to one or several of the 4 Janus kinases (JAKs) coded by the human genome, namely JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. (bvsalud.org)
Toll-like receptors are transmembrane glycoproteins, which recognize many PAMPs with extracellular domains and aggravate the exaggerated inflammatory response to bacterial infection through activating nuclear factor (NF)-κB ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
IL-6 exerts various biological activities on responding cell populations through its binding to transmembrane IL-6 receptor as well as to soluble IL-6 receptor. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein3
In vivo, the increase in CYP3A6 by hypoxia is associated with the increased expression and nuclear translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and constitutive androstane receptor ( Fradette and du Souich, 2003 ). (aspetjournals.org)
梁耀仁，「AMP-activated protein kinase activators in diabetic ulcers: from animal studies to Phase II drugs under investigation. (fju.edu.tw)
Chen CY、Tsui WH、Liang YJ*，「Peroxisome proliferations-activated receptor γandδ agonists attenuated the C-reactive protein receptor expression in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. (fju.edu.tw)
Inducible1
demonstrate that anti-GHRmAb 18.24 also inhibits rabbit and human GHR signaling and inducible receptor proteolysis. (imacst.com)
Activates2
BACKGROUND: Etrasimod, a once-daily, oral, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator that selectively activates S1P receptor subtypes 1, 4, and 5, with no detectable activity on S1P2,3, is in development for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases, including ulcerative colitis. (bvsalud.org)
EPO activates the neuronal EPO receptor and, subsequently, JAK-2 and thereby PI3K. (jneurosci.org)
Tyrosine1
Upon activation, STAT5 is phosphorylated by receptor tyrosine kinases and, in turn, forms homodimers or hererodimers with other family members through its SH2 domains. (biolegend.com)
Signal2
Diverse signal recognition receptors and signal transduction pathways were defined which regulate cellular functions, metabolism and development. (mdpi.com)
In recent years, the MAPK family has been found to be an important signal-regulating enzyme between cell surface receptors and determinants of gene expression ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Soluble1
Protection was blocked by the coapplication of a soluble Epo receptor (sEpoR) or an antibody against EpoR (anti-EpoR). (jneurosci.org)
Antibody2
To clarify the hypothesis that overproduction of IL-6 elevates hepcidin levels and contributes to the development of cancer-related anemia, we evaluated anti-IL-6 receptor antibody treatment of cancer-related anemia in an IL-6-producing human lung cancer xenograft model. (biomedcentral.com)
Mice bearing LC-06-JCK were administered rat anti-mouse IL-6 receptor antibody MR16-1 and their serum hepcidin levels and hematological parameters were determined. (biomedcentral.com)
Glucose2
In an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia (oxygen glucose deprivation, OGD) we investigated whether erythropoietin (EPO) plays a critical role in ischemic preconditioning. (jneurosci.org)
Liang YJ、Jian JH、Chen CY、Hsu CY、Shih CY、Leu JG，「L-165,041, troglitazone and their combination treatment to attenuate high glucose-induced receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expression. (fju.edu.tw)
Selective1
GW1516 AKA endurobol Drostanolone Oxandrolone AKA Anavar Ostarine a selective androgen receptor modulator, or SARM Turinabol Clomiphene a selective estrogen receptor modulator, or SERM, anabolika kaufen ohne rezept en kur anabola steroider. (globalwakeupmovement.org)
Inflammatory1
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns released by infecting organisms not only bind immune receptors on inflammatory cells but also bind receptors on cells in the heart ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Anemia4
The severity of anemia of CKD is directly related to the degree of loss of kidney function, as the kidneys are responsible for approximately 90% of erythropoietin production. (medscape.com)
Continuous erythropoietin receptor activator for the treatment of chronic dialysis patients with renal anemia in daily clinical practice in Poland: A non-interventional, multi-center, pragmatic NAVIGO trial. (medline.ch)
Another proposed mechanism for anemia of chronic illness deals with cytokines, such as interleukins (IL-1 and IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), which are believed to cause the destruction of RBC precursors and decrease the number of erythropoietin receptors on progenitor cells. (medscape.com)
In fact, in individuals with advanced stages of chronic kidney disease, the etiology of anemia tends to be multifactorial (eg, decreased RBC production due to lack of erythropoietin, increased RBC destruction due to hemolysis [intravascular or extravascular], as well as increased blood loss due to multiple venipunctures for an array of indications). (medscape.com)
Upregulation1
Most important to gliomagenesis, HIF-1 is a potent activator of angiogenesis and invasion through its upregulation of target genes critical for these functions. (northwestern.edu)
Patients2
Mircera was approved by EMA in July 2007 and is a long-acting erythropoietin receptor activator indicated for the treatment of patients with anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease. (gabionline.net)
Current therapies for comorbid diseases, such as statins and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-agonists, may provide unexpected benefits for COPD patients. (ersjournals.com)
Levels3
Erythropoietin and erythroferrone levels were elevated on day - 4 by darbepoetin-α injection and decreased to baseline levels at day 0. (bvsalud.org)
Levels of erythropoietin were not significantly increased by roxadustat supplementation, but erythroferrone levels were continuously elevated, similar to darbepoetin-α treatment. (bvsalud.org)
In these conditions, there is primarily a decreased availability of iron, relatively decreased levels of erythropoietin, and a mild decrease in the lifespan of RBCs to 70-80 days (normally 120 days). (medscape.com)
Activation2
Another method of inhibit surface area receptor signaling has been antireceptor antibodies that stop either ligand binding or receptor activation (30, 31). (imacst.com)
This process is both relevant and instructive for understanding receptor activation mechanisms therapeutically. (imacst.com)
Treatment2
In both populations, androgens have been successfully used as part of the treatment for growth delay Albanese et al, anabolika kaufen ohne rezept en kur anabola steroider. (globalwakeupmovement.org)
Chen SA、Chen HM、Yao YD、Hung CF、Tu CS、Liang YJ，「Topical treatment with anti-oxidants and Au nanoparticles promote healing of diabetic wound through receptor for advance glycation end-products. (fju.edu.tw)
Iron1
Roxadustat might stimulate erythropoiesis by increasing iron usage through hepcidin-25, which was suppressed by erythroferrone in the physiological erythropoietin condition. (bvsalud.org)
Critical1
Orchestration of these actions is usually incompletely comprehended, but structural and functional knowledge of the GH receptor (GHR) is critical for deciphering GH biology (3). (imacst.com)
Release1
The endotoxin-induced myocardial dysfunction probably depends on the toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-induced cytokines release as a delay in onset of myocardial depression after endotoxin administration ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)