Activator and repressor bind dna. Medical search. Frequent questions

When AHL represents and binds to luxR proteins, luxR will bind to its DNA binding site, the lux box, thus to reduce the accessibility of RNA polymerases to this promoter, repressing the transcription initiation. (igem.org)
The effects of DNA methylation and the histone code are due, at least in part, to modification-specific recruitment of factors, such as heterochromatin-associated proteins (HP1) and methyl-binding domain proteins, which establish and maintain higher order of chromatin structure. (aacrjournals.org)
Screening more than 200,000 fragments covering the coding sequences of all transcription-related proteins in Drosophila melanogaster, this study identified 195 RDs in known repressors and in proteins not previously associated with repression. (sdbonline.org)
The Human ON-TARGETplus siRNA Transcription factors Library targets proteins that bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner and thereby control the transfer, or transcription, of genetic information from DNA to RNA. (horizondiscovery.com)
Transcription factors perform this function alone, or with other proteins in a complex, by promoting (as an activator) or blocking (as a repressor) the recruitment of RNA polymerase to specific genes. (horizondiscovery.com)
Transcriptional activity among high and low risk human papillomavirus E2 proteins correlates with E2 DNA binding. (providence.org)
To investigate whether E2 proteins encoded by high risk HPVs may function differentially from E2 proteins encoded by low risk HPVs and animal papillomaviruses, we conducted comparative DNA-binding and transcription studies using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and cell-free transcription systems reconstituted with purified general transcription factors, cofactor, RNA polymerase II, and with E2 proteins encoded by HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-11, and bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1). (providence.org)
We found that although different types of E2 proteins all exhibited transactivation and repression activities, depending on the sequence context of the E2-binding sites, HPV-16 E2 shows stronger transcription activity and greater DNA-binding affinity than those displayed by the other E2 proteins. (providence.org)
Maeder ML, Angstman JF, Richardson ME et al (2013) Targeted DNA demethylation and activation of endogenous genes using programmable TALE-TET1 fusion proteins. (springer.com)
Cellular response to estrogens is mediated through estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), which upon binding to ligand and DNA hormone response elements, recruit coactivator and corepressor proteins that regulate the expression of steroid hormone target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
The DNA of the prophage that is expressed in that state codes for proteins that look out for signs of stress in the host cell. (wikidoc.org)
The diverse effects of glucocorticoids are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Unliganded GR is retained in the cytosol by heat shock proteins that are released upon binding and activation by glucocorticoid [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Typically, these sequences are binding sites for regulatory proteins , which control how much the operon is transcribed. (foobrdigital.com)
These sequences are binding sites for regulatory proteins that turn expression of the operon "up" or "down. (foobrdigital.com)
Some regulatory proteins are repressors that bind to pieces of DNA called operators . (foobrdigital.com)
Some regulatory proteins are activators . (foobrdigital.com)
This causes the RNA polymerase to bind firmly to the promoter and transcribe the genes of the operon much more frequently, leading to the production of many molecules of mRNA.Where do the regulatory proteins come from? (foobrdigital.com)

Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. (abcam.com)
Arabidopsis ethylene-responsive element binding factors act as transcriptional activators or repressors of GCC box-mediated gene expression. (ugent.be)

In particular, mutations in DNA binding sites recognized by transcription factors can alter regulator binding affinities and, consequently, expression of target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. (abcam.com)
It has been demonstrated that the bolting and flowering signals from internal or external factors usually converge on a few integrator genes which serve as flowering inducers or repressors during floral transition. (frontiersin.org)
p50 binds to the kappa-B consensus sequence 5'- GGRNNYYCC-3', located in the enhancer region of genes involved in immune response and acute phase reactions. (hmdb.ca)
It binds to DNA sites with the consensus sequence 5'-[AT]GATA[AG]-3' within regulatory regions of globin genes and of other genes expressed in erythroid cells. (qedbio.com)
Furthermore, the loss of DNA-binding activity correlates with increased expression of MMTV and other mammary-specific genes, including β-casein, whey acidic protein and α-lactalbumin, indicating that CDP150 is a developmentally controlled, naturally occurring dominant-negative protein. (utexas.edu)
The goal was to understand which sections of DNA controlled where and when genes are activated to result in this structure being reliably located in its correct position. (elifesciences.org)
The common plant regulatory factors (CPRFs) from parsley are transcription factors with a basic-leucine-zipper motif that bind to cis-regulatory elements frequently found in promoters of light-regulated genes. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Transcription factors within cellular gene networks control the spatiotemporal pattern and levels of expression of their target genes by binding to cis-regulatory elements (CREs), short ( ̃300-600 bp) stretches of genomic DNA which can lie upstream, downstream, or within the introns of the genes they control. (wustl.edu)
The promoter is found in the DNA of the operon, upstream of (before) the genes. (foobrdigital.com)
In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)

A novel protein call AnkA in A. phagocytophilum is translocated from the bacterium within a host vacuole into the host nucleus, where it forms complexes with heterochromatin and is largely responsible for many host transcriptional changes by directly binding to regulatory regions of the DNA. (cdc.gov)
The 32-aa MYND domain (for myeloid, Nervy, and Deaf-1) contains non-DNA-binding zinc fingers that are thought to mediate protein-protein interactions (Gross, 1996). (sdbonline.org)
The cellular factor, CCAAT displacement protein (CDP), is a transcriptional repressor of MMTV. (utexas.edu)
CDP is proteolytically processed within the homeodomain by a cysteine protease to generate a dominantnegative CDP150 protein that interferes with the DNA-binding and repressor activities of CDP. (utexas.edu)
The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to GC-rich motifs of many promoters. (genetex.com)
Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, and proteolytic processing significantly affect the activity of this protein, which can be an activator or a repressor. (genetex.com)
This is the basic 'amplifier' system that consists of an input sensitive promoter system,a protein activator and sensitive promoter. (igem.org)
Since mRNA is then translated at a roughly constant rate, it is related with a multiplicative constant to the rate of protein production, in this case activator and RFP. (igem.org)
Both Int and IHF bind to attP and form an intasome , a DNA-protein-complex designed for site-specific recombination of the phage and host DNA. (wikidoc.org)
The lambda repressor is a dimer also known as the cI protein . (wikidoc.org)
Additionally, activated GR can affect transcription through mechanisms independent of DNA binding that modulate the activity of other transcription factors, including nuclear factor-κB, activator protein-1, and STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
53BP1 (p53-binding protein 1) facilitates ATM-dependent DSB repair but is largely dispensable for ATM activation or checkpoint arrest. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Since CT99021 DNA binding domains are invariably missing from HATs and HDACs, they are recruited to their target promoters and enhancers via protein protein interactions. (p2receptor-signal.com)
Antibodies bound to the blocking peptide no longer bind to the epitope on the target protein. (affbiotech.com)
A repressor protein binds to a site called on the operator. (foobrdigital.com)
The activator protein binds to a specific sequence of DNA, in this case immediately upstream of (before) the promoter where RNA polymerase binds. (foobrdigital.com)
The small molecule binds to the protein, changing its shape and altering its ability to bind DNA. (foobrdigital.com)
RS is related to various mutations on the MECP2 gene, which codes for methyl-CpG binding protein-2 (MECP2). (medscape.com)

However, it is essential when Krüppel and Knirps repressor sites do not overlap activator sites but are instead located adjacent to either activators or the core promoter. (princeton.edu)
Furthermore, we find that transcription factors act preferentially as either activators or repressors, both when binding multiple sites for a single target gene and globally in the transcriptional networks. (lu.se)

We fused various domains of the response regulators NtrC, PhoB or CheB to the DNA binding domain of lambda repressor. (nih.gov)

Therefore, a switch that produces a negative feed back, an inverter in another word, was conventionally implemented by linking an input promoter to the expression of a repressor, which then turns off a downstream promoter generally, using the repressor-operator pairs as shown in Fig 1. (igem.org)
B) When AHL presents and binds to transcriptional regulator, the transcription regulator binds its DNA binding site, thus to reduce the accessibility of RNA polymerase to promoter, repressing the transcription initiation. (igem.org)
an activator placed downstream of its own promoter (as well as the reporter/ pigment) will, in theory, keep pigment production going. (igem.org)
The rate of activator production from its own promoter is given in equation 3 above, which is dependent on activator concentration itself. (igem.org)
The data collection separates the promoter and activator by use of both RFP and GFP reporters. (igem.org)
Cro binds to OR3 preventing access to the RM promoter preventing transcription and production of cI. (wikidoc.org)
Once activated the GR translocates to the nucleus and can bind directly to glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) as a homodimer, resulting in both activation and repression of transcription, depending on promoter structure and interaction with various co-activators and co-repressors. (biomedcentral.com)
The promoter, or site where RNA polymerase binds, is one example of a regulatory DNA sequence. (foobrdigital.com)
Diagram illustrating that the promoter is the site where RNA polymerase binds. (foobrdigital.com)
When the RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, it transcribes the operon and makes some mRNAs.Most operons have other regulatory DNA sequences in addition to the promoter. (foobrdigital.com)
In this case (and many other cases), the operator is a region of DNA that overlaps with or lies just downstream of the RNA polymerase binding site (promoter). (foobrdigital.com)
When the repressor binds to the operator, it prevents RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter and/or transcribing the operon. (foobrdigital.com)
When an activator is bound to its DNA binding site, it increases transcription of the operon (e.g., by helping RNA polymerase bind to the promoter). (foobrdigital.com)
When the activator binds, it helps the polymerase attach to the promoter (makes promoter binding more energetically favorable). (foobrdigital.com)

There a luxR dimer could behave as a repressor when binding to its cognate effector molecule, AHL (acetyl-Homoserine Lactone). (igem.org)
It uses transcription activator-like effector (TALE) technology combined with VP64 activator or Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) repressor, both of which are potent transcriptional regulators that modify the epigenetic state of endogenous DNA loci. (springer.com)
Morbitzer R, Römer P, Boch J, Lahaye T (2010) Regulation of selected genome loci using de novo-engineered transcription activator-like effector (TALE)-type transcription factors. (springer.com)
Cermak T, Doyle EL, Christian M et al (2011) Efficient design and assembly of custom TALEN and other TAL effector-based constructs for DNA targeting. (springer.com)

DEAF-1 recognizes several TTCG motifs within the portion of the Dfd autoregulatory region termed 'module E.' In addition, DEAF-1 binds several similar motifs within a Dfd response element ( DRE ) from the 1.28 gene that enhances maxillary gene expression during embryogenesis (Pederson, 2000). (sdbonline.org)
Histone hyperacetylation and H3K4 methylation are associated with unmethylated DNA, euchromatin, and gene expression ( Fig. 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
All multicellular life relies on differential gene expression, determined by regulatory DNA elements and DNA-binding transcription factors that mediate activation and repression via cofactor recruitment. (sdbonline.org)
The repressor found in the phage lambda is a notable example of the level of control possible over gene expression by a very simple system. (wikidoc.org)
Consistent with chromatin structure dependent activation of gene expression, many transcriptional co activators possess HAT activity whereas transcriptional co repressors are associated with HDACs. (p2receptor-signal.com)
Unlike the decision systems, the circadian clocks show strong cooperative binding and negative regulation, which achieves tight temporal control of gene expression. (lu.se)

For many transcription factors, including multiple members of FOX, HOX, and NR families, we show that human cancers accumulate fewer mutations than expected by chance that increase or decrease affinity of predicted binding sites. (biomedcentral.com)
Assessment of potential binding affinity changes induced by substitutions allows studying selection of sequence variants in binding sites in a way resembling usage of non-synonymous and synonymous substitutions in codons. (biomedcentral.com)

Here we present analysis of transcription factor binding motifs co-localized with non-coding variants. (biomedcentral.com)
Deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor-1 (DEAF-1) is a transcription factor that was originally shown to bind the autoregulatory enhancer of the Deformed ( Dfd ) Hox gene, which is activated in embryonic head segments of Drosophila (Gross, 1996). (sdbonline.org)
An arabinose input acts as an inducer, permitting transcription, by binding the AraC transcription factor. (igem.org)
As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)

This work inspired us that harnessing the conditioned binding of quorum sensing regulators to their cognate DNA box to control the accessibility of RNA polymerase would be a way of general interest to design direct, fast and reliable signaling inverters for synthetic microbial consortia. (igem.org)
when unbound to arabinose a dimer restricts access of polymersase to reduce basal levels of transcription, upon binding arabinose the conformation changes and the dimer permits binding of polymerase. (igem.org)
When bound to its operator, a repressor reduces transcription (e.g., by blocking RNA polymerase from moving forward on the DNA). (foobrdigital.com)

The first is quenching, whereby repressors and activators co-occupy closely linked sites and then the repressor inhibits adjacent activators. (princeton.edu)
MDM2 binds to and inhibits TP53 activity. (medscape.com)

Boch J, Scholze H, Schornack S et al (2009) Breaking the code of DNA binding specificity of TAL-type III effectors. (springer.com)

In molecular biology, the LuxR-type DNA-binding HTH domain is a DNA-binding, helix-turn-helix (HTH) domain of about 65 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
The domain is named after Vibrio fischeri luxR, a transcriptional activator for quorum-sensing control of luminescence. (wikipedia.org)
Most luxR-type regulators act as transcription activators, but some can be repressors or have a dual role for different sites. (wikipedia.org)
The luxR-type, DNA-binding HTH domain forms a four-helical bundle structure. (wikipedia.org)

n was taken to be two by assuming that each araC dimer needs two molecules to be bound before it can permit transcription. (igem.org)
Binding of a cI dimer to OR1 enhances binding of a second cI dimer to OR2, an effect called cooperativity . (wikidoc.org)

Such stability of binding motifs is even more exhibited in DNase accessible regions. (biomedcentral.com)
Further analysis of transcription factors with conserved binding motifs can reveal cell regulatory pathways crucial for the survivability of various human cancers. (biomedcentral.com)

Previous studies have shown that the Drosophila melanogaster CtBP corepressor (dCtBP) is essential for the quenching activity of three short-range sequence-specific repressors in the early Drosophila embryo: Krüppel, Knirps, and Snail. (princeton.edu)
Previous studies have shown that the Drosophila melanogaster CtBP corepressor (dCtBP) is essential for the quenching activity of three short-range sequence-specific repressors in the early Drosophila embryo: Kr{\"u}ppel, Knirps, and Snail. (princeton.edu)
CPRF5, CPRF6 and CPRF7 are transcription factors that exhibit sequence-specific DNA-binding as well as transactivation abilities, whereas the function of CIP remains elusive. (embl-heidelberg.de)

The second is direct repression, in which repressors block the function of the core transcription complex. (princeton.edu)
ZF repressors, or ZF-Rs, are created by attaching a zinc finger array to a repression domain in order to down regulate or completely turn off a gene. (sangamo.com)

Studies with mouse embryo fibroblasts lacking endogenous nuclear CDP confirmed that CDP150 lacks transcriptional repressor or activator function for the MMTV LTR and β-casein. (utexas.edu)
Homeostatic osteoclastogenesis is effectively induced by RANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand). (frontiersin.org)

Bacteriophage Lambda binds to the target E. coli cell, the tail tip binding to a maltose receptor. (wikidoc.org)

Although genetics have played a dominant role in cancer research, epigenetics (heritable changes in gene function that do not involve alterations in DNA sequence) has become equally important in this field. (aacrjournals.org)

Activator is made by transcription from pBAD, the mRNA is then translated (the potential time delays will be taken into account). (igem.org)
The reactivated phage takes apart the host's DNA and produces large amounts of its own mRNA , so as to produce prodigious amounts of phage units. (wikidoc.org)
Finally, activated GR elicits a variety of transcription-independent effects through modulation of mRNA stability via 3'-untranslated region binding [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
When the repressor is bound to the operator, no transcription occurs and no mRNA is made. (foobrdigital.com)

n is the number of arabinose molecules binding to each molecule of the repressor, and K is a binding constant. (igem.org)
For instance, an activator may only become active (able to bind DNA) when it's attached to a certain small molecule. (foobrdigital.com)

PCC 7120" /mol_type="genomic DNA" /strain="PCC 7120" /db_xref="taxon:103690" /plasmid="pCC7120delta" /note="synonym:Anabaena sp. (cyanolab.de)
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) trigger ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) signalling and elicit genomic rearrangements and chromosomal fragmentation if misrepaired or unrepaired. (birmingham.ac.uk)

These findings advance understanding of repressors, their sequences, and the functional impact of sequence-altering mutations and should provide a valuable resource for further studies. (sdbonline.org)
Instead, they also contain regulatory DNA sequences that control transcription of the operon. (foobrdigital.com)

Cancer somatic mutations in binding sites of selected transcription factors have been found under positive selection. (biomedcentral.com)
Our data demonstrate negative selection against binding sites alterations and suggest that such selection pressure protects cancer cells from rewiring of regulatory circuits. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we demonstrate that dCtBP is dispensable for target enhancers that contain overlapping activator and repressor binding sites. (princeton.edu)
N binds to the two Nut sites, one in the N gene, and one in the cro gene. (wikidoc.org)
CREs (i.e., enhancers/promoters) typically consist of multiple clustered binding sites for both transcriptional activators and repressors(1-3). (wustl.edu)
It is worth noting that the distribution is clearly bimodal with one mode around 0.45 (corresponding to TFs with more than double underrepresentation of CpG "traffic lights" in their binding sites) and another mode around 0.7 (corresponding to TFs with only 30 underrepresentation of CpG "traffic lights" in their binding sites). (glucagon-receptor.com)
sgRNAs with +67 or +85 nucleotide (nt) tracrRNA tails mediated DNA cleavage at all target sites tested, with up to fivefold higher levels of indels than the corresponding crRNA-tracrRNA duplexes ( Fig. 1b and Supplementary Fig. 1a ). (cdc.gov)

SELEX assays and footprinting data indicate that DEAF-1 binds to and activates Mtk and Drs regulatory DNAs via a TTCGGBT motif. (sdbonline.org)

The NF-kappa-B p50-p50 homodimer is a transcriptional repressor, but can act as a transcriptional activator when associated with BCL3. (hmdb.ca)
The NF-kappa-B p52-p52 homodimer is a transcriptional repressor. (cusabio.com)

In a conventional activation pathway, I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the nucleus. (hmdb.ca)

Sangamo's zinc finger transcriptional regulators, or ZF-TRs, recognize and bind to a specific DNA sequence within or near a particular gene, allowing expression of that target gene to be potentially regulated. (sangamo.com)
ZF activators, or ZF-As, are created by attaching a zinc finger array to an activation domain with the aim of increasing the expression of a target gene relative to an untreated cell. (sangamo.com)

Biological Function Transcriptional activator or repressor which probably serves as a general switch factor for erythroid development. (qedbio.com)
This gives the rate of transcription as a function of X* which represents the concentration of active repressor, unbound to arabinose. (igem.org)
The aim of this area of work is to fit the activator plate reader to curves in an attempt to better charactertise them in terms of hill function parameters after Canton [3] . (igem.org)

Blocking peptides are peptides that bind specifically to the target antibody and block antibody binding. (affbiotech.com)
We find that SpCas9 tolerates mismatches between guide RNA and target DNA at different positions in a sequence-dependent manner, sensitive to the number, position and distribution of mismatches. (cdc.gov)
We also show that SpCas9-mediated cleavage is unaffected by DNA methylation and that the dosage of SpCas9 and sgRNA can be titrated to minimize off-target modification. (cdc.gov)

Multiple ligand-binding regulators, exemplified by malT. (wikipedia.org)

Once the phage has injected its DNA into its host , the phage DNA may integrate itself into the host cell chromosome. (wikidoc.org)
The original BOB' sequence is changed by the integration to B-O-P'-phage DNA-P-O-B'. The phage DNA is now part of the host's genome. (wikidoc.org)

Cross-talk between different histone modifications, as well as DNA methylation, seems complex. (aacrjournals.org)
In mammalian cells, histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9) methylation and histone hypoacetylation are usually associated with methylated DNA, heterochromatin, and gene silencing. (aacrjournals.org)

The DEAF-1 binding elements identified in these studies are reportedly not required for enhancer activity however (Reed, 2008). (sdbonline.org)
During late pregnancy, CDP DNA-binding activity declines concomitant with an increase in viral transcripts. (utexas.edu)
In concert with RELB, regulates the circadian clock by repressing the transcriptional activator activity of the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer. (cusabio.com)

To model this situation, araC is first assumed to take the role of a repressor that reversibly binds and unbinds a site on the DNA. (igem.org)
The third is competition, in which repressors compete with activators for a common DNA-binding site. (princeton.edu)

NF-kappa-B heterodimeric p65-p50 and RelB-p50 complexes are transcriptional activators. (hmdb.ca)
The NF-kappa-B heterodimeric RelB-p52 complex is a transcriptional activator. (cusabio.com)

Cong L, Zhou R, Kuo YC et al (2012) Comprehensive interrogation of natural TALE DNA-binding modules and transcriptional repressor domains. (springer.com)

used genome editing to make mutations in a stretch of DNA that regulates the gene involved in wing vein formation. (elifesciences.org)

Using the SURVEYOR nuclease assay 13 , we assessed the ability of each Cas9-sgRNA complex to generate indels in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293FT cells through the induction of DNA doublestranded breaks (DSBs) and subsequent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA damage repair (Online Methods). (cdc.gov)

The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)

Anatomy10

Organisms14

Chemicals and Drugs113

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes89

Information Science3

Health Care1

Proteins17

Transcriptional activators or repressors2

Genes11

Protein18

Either activators2

Lambda repressor1

Promoter14

Effector4

Gene expression6

Affinity2

Transcription factor4

Polymerase3

Inhibits2

Specificity1

LuxR4

Dimer2

Motifs2

Sequence-specific3

Repression2

Nuclear2

Coli1

Genetics1

MRNA4

Molecule2

Genomic2

Sequences2

Sites7

Activates1

Homodimer2

Nucleus1

Zinc finger2

Function3

Target3

Ligand1

Phage2

Methylation2

Activity3

Site2

Heterodimeric2

TALE1

Genome1

DSBs1

Apoptosis1