Activation transcytosis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Mechanistically, the activation of FcγRIIB by IgG from obese mice impaired endothelial cell insulin transcytosis in culture and in vivo. (jci.org)
Endothelial ERα activation stimulates insulin transcytosis by skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
Transcytosis through microvascular endothelial cells is another possible mechanism of meningeal invasion during meningitis. (medscape.com)
NC transcytosis across brain endothelial cells and brain distribution in mice were affected, yet through different mechanisms. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
DHA diols produced by Müller cells suppress Notch activation in endothelial cells, thereby promoting retinal angiogenesis. (rupress.org)

Despite their essential contribution to T cell activation, cellular mechanisms that coordinate internalization of surface receptors with sustained delivery Fonadelpar to the plasma membrane remain incompletely comprehended. (fabretp.org)
Results T cell activation promotes T cell receptor complex subunit (TCR) but not Lck internalization Internalization of T cell receptors and associated signaling proteins has been measured predominantly Fonadelpar by flow cytometry, which involves bulk measurements and provides no access to the dynamics of vesicle generation or movement. (fabretp.org)
Formation of LT-α 1 -β 2 complex enables binding to LT-β receptors and subsequent activation of signaling pathways. (wikidoc.org)
Activation of LT-β receptors is capable of inducing cell death of cancerous cells and suppressing tumor growth. (wikidoc.org)
Binding to these alternative receptors allows the rapid transcytosis of the virus through the epithelial cells. (proteopedia.org)
11) It's #Transcytosis (an active process), through a vesicular pathway involving #caveolae , scavenger receptors ( #SRB1 ) and activin like receptor kinase 1 ( #ALK1 ). (cardiometabolic-ce.com)
Among all the approaches used for increasing brain delivery of therapeutics, the most accepted method is the use of the physiological approach which takes advantage of the transcytosis capacilty of specific receptors expressed at the BBB. (cureffi.org)

Transcytosis is prominent in brain microvascular peptide and protein transport, because the brain microvascular endothelium, which forms the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vivo, expresses unique, epithelial-like, high-resistance tight junctions. (wikipedia.org)

Here, we have shown that activation of the IgG receptor FcγRIIB in endothelium by hyposialylated IgG plays an important role in obesity-induced insulin resistance. (jci.org)
Activation of the kinase towards exogenous substrates is apparently preceeded by this insulin-dependent autophosphorylation reaction of the beta subunit. (weeksmd.com)

Blood capillaries are a well-known site for transcytosis, though it occurs in other cells, including neurons, osteoclasts and M cells of the intestine. (wikipedia.org)
Shigella first invades the epithelial cells of the large intestine by using M cells as entry ports for transcytosis . (wikidoc.org)
Additionally, the effects of SEB exposure on several intestinal and immune cell lines were explored to create a profile of the metabolic effects of this toxin as it transcytoses through the intestine to the immune system. (vanderbilt.edu)

Induction of Hypoxic Response in Caco-2 Cells Promote the Expression of Genes Involved in SARS-CoV-2 Endocytosis and Transcytosis. (cdc.gov)
Endocytic/exocytic CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURES rich in glycosphingolipids, cholesterol, and lipid-anchored membrane proteins that function in ENDOCYTOSIS (potocytosis), transcytosis, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. (lookformedical.com)

While transcytosis is most commonly observed in epithelial cells, the process is also present elsewhere. (wikipedia.org)
As Shigella infiltrates the epithelial cells, activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-KB) by Shigella generates IL-8 , which in turn mediates the recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to the site of inflammation. (wikidoc.org)

Protection also correlated with inhibition of transcytosis of cell-free virus in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Monovalent engagement can trigger BCR signal transduction, and fine-tuning of BCR-ligand recognition can lead to B cell nonresponsiveness, activation, or inhibition. (rupress.org)
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. (lookformedical.com)
In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. (lookformedical.com)

Receptor-mediated transcytosis, or RMT, across the BBB is a potential pathway for drug delivery to the brain, particularly for biologic drugs such as recombinant proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Chemokine binding does not activate G-protein-mediated signal transduction but instead induces beta-arrestin recruitment, leading to ligand internalization and activation of MAPK signaling pathway. (fabgennix.com)
The classical NF-κB MGCD0103 datasheet signaling pathway involves the activation of the IKK complex, which phosphorylates IκBα and targets them for ubiquitin-dependent degradation [8]. (plasignaling.com)
Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. (lookformedical.com)
for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway. (lookformedical.com)

Following transcytosis, Shigella enters macrophages and induces cellular apoptosis . (wikidoc.org)

Many cellular processes such as cytokinesis, transcytosis, morphogenesis, or synaptic transmission rely on recycling2. (fabretp.org)
Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. (lookformedical.com)

Lipid retention in macrophages can lead to #NLRP #inflammasome activation. (cardiometabolic-ce.com)

After LT-β receptor activation, IKK-α, β, and γ are produced, which increases degradation of I-κB , an inhibitor or NF-kB, and produce NF-kB1 (p50) and ReIA (p60). (wikidoc.org)
Atypical chemokine receptor that controls chemokine levels and localization via high-affinity chemokine binding that is uncoupled from classic ligand-driven signal transduction cascades, resulting instead in chemokine sequestration, degradation, or transcytosis. (fabgennix.com)
High-affinity transferrin receptor (TfR) bispecific antibodies facilitate trafficking of TfR to lysosomes and induce TfR degradation to decrease the ability of TfR to mediate BBB transcytosis. (rupress.org)

Due to the function of transcytosis as a process that transports macromolecules across cells, it can be a convenient mechanism by which pathogens can invade a tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Pharmaceutical companies, such as Lundbeck, are currently exploring the use of transcytosis as a mechanism for transporting therapeutic drugs across the human blood-brain barrier (BBB). (wikipedia.org)

Transcytosis (also known as cytopempsis) is a type of transcellular transport in which various macromolecules are transported across the interior of a cell. (wikipedia.org)

In the case of placental transfer, a combination of trans[hPL], hPL analogues (ex vivo) and transcytosis of short hairpin nucleic acid (hCAAT), which is a click to read model system for the transfer of hPL. (attemptmyexam.com)

Transcytosis has been shown to be critical to the entry of Cronobacter sakazakii across the intestinal epithelium as well as the blood-brain barrier. (wikipedia.org)
Listeria monocytogenes has been shown to enter the intestinal lumen via transcytosis across goblet cells. (wikipedia.org)
Macrophage apoptosis results in the release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1-beta and IL-18), which signal intestinal inflammation and consequent activation of the innate immune system . (wikidoc.org)
SAAS:SAAS000328_004_020447][RuleBase:RU004292] The gp120-gp41 heterodimer allows rapid transcytosis of the virus through CD4 negative cells such as simple epithelial monolayers of the intestinal, rectal and endocervical epithelial barriers. (proteopedia.org)

Following transcytosis and macrophage apoptosis, Shigella avoids extracellular exposure and spreads intercellularly using actin polymerization processes (rocket propulsion). (wikidoc.org)

However, its role in controlling platelet activation in response to the release of hALP-1 has yet to be determined. (attemptmyexam.com)

We show that genetic disruption of TFEB- and vacuolar ATPase-mediated lysosomal signaling leads to increased tau pathology and defective microglia activation. (nature.com)
Our data provide an interactive resource for investigation of the immunology of blood proteins that could support therapeutic targeting of microglia activation by immune and vascular signals. (nature.com)

However, medications with mild immunomodulatory effects that solely target specific monocyte subsets, without triggering microglial activation, are rare. (biomedcentral.com)

Mechanistically this involves nuclear ERα-dependent upregulation of vesicular trafficking regulator sorting nexin 5 (SNX5) expression, and PI3 kinase activation that drives plasma membrane recruitment of SNX5. (bvsalud.org)
RT-PCR analysis shows that kinsenoside did not reduce the RANKL-induced mRNA expression of RANK and TRAF-6, indicating that kinsenoside inhibits NF-κB activation through downstream kinase to TRAF6. (plasignaling.com)

Blood protein extravasation through a disrupted blood-brain barrier and innate immune activation are hallmarks of neurological diseases and emerging therapeutic targets. (nature.com)
AD is characterized by the chronic activation of innate immune cells within the CNS. (biomedcentral.com)

We provide a transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic atlas of fibrin-, iC3b- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-selective activation of innate immunity and reveal ligand-selective pathways with differential functions in MS and AD mice. (nature.com)
Caveolin-1 expression and GM1 transcytosis were also reduced, yet increased GM1 levels seemed to compensate, providing similar NC brain distribution in NPD vs. control mice. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
A tendency to lower NHE-1 levels was seen, but highly increased ICAM1 expression in cells and human brains correlated with increased transcytosis and brain distribution in mice. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

It's TRANSCYTOSIS-an active process by which #LDL -C enters the intima. (cardiometabolic-ce.com)

A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. (lookformedical.com)
[15] Activation of signaling pathways such as NF-κB ultimately leads to various cellular fates, including cell proliferation and cell death. (wikidoc.org)

Reduced TfR and clathrin expression were found, along with decreased transcytosis in cells and mouse brain distribution. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

This is initiated following transcytosis of cytoplasm from cancer cells into fibroblasts, leading to the activation of STING and IRF3-mediated expression of interferon-β1 and other cytokines. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Various tissue-specific mechanisms of transcytosis have been identified. (wikipedia.org)

The regulation of transcytosis varies greatly due to the many different tissues in which this process is observed. (wikipedia.org)
Brefeldin A, a commonly used inhibitor of ER-to-Golgi apparatus transport, has been shown to inhibit transcytosis in dog kidney cells, which provided the first clues as to the nature of transcytosis regulation. (wikipedia.org)
It can therefore be concluded that the regulation of transcytosis is a complex process that varies between tissues. (wikipedia.org)

After penetration and complement activation, S aureus is coated by C3b, immunoglobulin G (IgG), or both (opsonization). (medscape.com)
Severe COVID-19 in pregnancy has a distinct serum profile, including greater complement activation and dysregulation of serum lipids. (cdc.gov)

In a vaccine efficacy study, in which virosomes displaying HIV gp41 antigens protected most rhesus monkeys (RMs) against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), protection correlated with vaginal IgA capable of blocking HIV transcytosis in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Widespread Notch1 activation was evident at days 2-4 of EB differentiation, the time window of hemangioblast generation in this in vitro system. (karger.com)

Memory CD8 + T cells require stronger TCR stimulation than naive cells to enter cell cycle due to reduced Zap70 activation and increased levels of protein tyrosine phosphatases. (rupress.org)

Further work on dog kidney cells has shown that a signaling cascade involving the phosphorylation of EGFR by Yes leading to the activation of Rab11FIP5 by MAPK1 upregulates transcytosis. (wikipedia.org)
Together, these data demonstrate that Aux mainly safeguards EGFR activation to keep a proper ISC proliferation rate to maintain midgut homeostasis. (sdbonline.org)

Transcytosis in dog kidney cells has also been shown be regulated at the apical membrane by Rab17, as well as Rab11a and Rab25. (wikipedia.org)
Virion capture also seems to lead to MHC-II-restricted viral antigen presentation, and probably to the activation of SIV-specific CD4+ cells (By similarity). (antikoerper-online.de)
In this study, kinsenoside inhibited RANKL-induced NF-κB activation LY3023414 in RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting p-IκBα and p-p65. (plasignaling.com)

[6] In order for activation to occur, LT-α must form a complex with LT-β to form the LT-α 1 -β 2 complex. (wikidoc.org)

Transcytosis has been shown to be inhibited by the combination of progesterone and estradiol followed by activation mediated by prolactin in the rabbit mammary gland during pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)

From these examples, it can be said that transcytosis is vital to the process of pathogenesis for a variety of infectious agents. (wikipedia.org)
An understanding of the gp41 activation process may suggest novel strategies for vaccine and antiviral drug development. (proteopedia.org)

Pathogenic activation of microglia contributes to oxidative stress, inflammation and neurodegeneration in both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) 6 . (nature.com)

Our results further suggest that the recycling supported by flotillin-positive endosomes provides a crucial contribution to T cell activation by regulating the nanoscale business of TCR at the immunological synapse and promoting phosphorylation of signaling proteins, and the nuclear import of transcription factors. (fabretp.org)

The deubiquitinase USP21 targets RIG-I for deubiquitination, thus dampening interferon production and activation of IFN-responsive genes in response to RNA viruses. (rupress.org)

The pattern of cytokine discharge parallels tests with a rise in the expression from the activation markers Compact disc25 and Compact disc69 (17). (ipa2014.org)

A buried isoleucine (Ile573) in a central trimeric coiled coil within the fusion-active gp41 ectodomain core is thought to favor this conformational activation. (proteopedia.org)

The Sustainable Building Design and Construction threonine has an Mitogen-activated, alveolar step that contains effects at the conversion of the activation of a phosphorylated specific residue. (evakoch.com)

The phosphorylation of caveolin 1 induced by hydrogen peroxide has been shown to be critical to the activation of transcytosis in pulmonary vascular tissue. (wikipedia.org)

We recently reported that the activation of H-Ras represents one of the signaling steps underlying the interleukin-1β (IL-1β)−mediated metabolic dysfunction of the islet β-cell. (diabetesjournals.org)

This technique also furthered understanding of the metabolic action of Cholera toxin, demonstrating that toxin mediated activation of cAMP production occurrs in shorter time-frames than previously observed. (vanderbilt.edu)

The stimulus for activation is thought to be commensal bacteria colonising the gut mucosa. (bmj.com)

We further show that flotillins are essential for T cell activation, supporting TCR nanoscale business and signaling. (fabretp.org)

Anatomy21

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs36

Phenomena and Processes10

Endothelial5

Receptors7

Microvascular1

Insulin2

Intestine3

Endocytosis2

Epithelial cells2

Inhibition4

Pathway5

Induces1

Synaptic2

Macrophages1

Receptor3

Mechanism2

Macromolecules1

Vivo1

Intestinal4

Extracellular1

Platelet activation1

Microglia activation2

Microglial activation1

Kinase2

Innate immune2

Mice3

Enters1

Cellular2

Clathrin1

Cytokines1

Mechanisms1

Regulation3

Complement activation2

Vitro2

Protein1

EGFR2

Cells3

Complex1

Pregnancy1

Process2

Inflammation1

Nuclear1

Genes1

Markers1

Active1

Specific1

Shown1

Steps1

Production1

Thought1

Essential1