• In the present study, we investigated the effect of D 4 receptor activation on subcellular localization of CaMKII. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We found that activation of D 4 receptors, but not D 2 receptors, induced a rapid translocation of α-CaMKII from cytosol to postsynaptic sites in cultured PFC neurons. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Point mutation of the calmodulin binding site (Ala 302 ), but not the autophosphorylation site (Thr 286 ), of α-CaMKII prevented the D 4 -induced CaMKII translocation. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Moreover, D 4 receptors failed to induce CaMKII translocation in the presence of an actin stabilizer, and D 4 activation reduced the binding of CaMKII to F-actin. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Concomitant with the synaptic accumulation of α-CaMKII in response to D 4 receptor activation, a D 4 -induced increase in the CaMKII phosphorylation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) subunits and the amplitude of AMPA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents was also observed. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Thus, our results show that D 4 receptor activation induces the synaptic translocation of CaMKII through a mechanism involving Ca 2+ /calmodulin and F-actin, which facilitates the regulation of synaptic targets of CaMKII, such as AMPA receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We found that Homer3, the predominant isoform in Purkinje cells, is phosphorylated by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) both in vitro and in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
  • In P/Q-type voltage-gated-Ca 2+ channel knock-out mice, in which CaMKII activation was reduced, the levels of Homer3 phosphorylation and the soluble form of Homer 3 were markedly lower. (jneurosci.org)
  • In this study, we revealed that Homer3 was phosphorylated by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in Purkinje cells, and the phosphorylation reduces the affinity for Homer target molecules, resulting in change of the solubility. (jneurosci.org)
  • Although emerging evidence suggests a potential role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) in prostate cancer, its role in prostate cancer tumorigenesis is largely unknown. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Knockdown of the acetyl-CoA transporter carnitine acetyltransferase abolished CaMKII activation, providing evidence that acetyl-CoA generated from organelles is a major activator of CaMKII. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Genetic deletion of the b-oxidation rate-limiting enzyme ACOX family proteins decreased CaMKII activation, whereas overexpression of ACOXI increased CaMKII activation. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Calmodulin variant E140G associated with long QT syndrome impairs CaMKIIδ autophosphorylation and L-type calcium channel inactivation. (nih.gov)
  • B ) Cartoon representation of activation of CaMKII by calcium:calmodulin (top) and proposed mechanism for spread of kinase activity (bottom). (elifesciences.org)
  • Rellos P, Pike AC, Niesen FH, Salah E, Lee WH, von Delft F, Knapp S. Structure of the CaMKIIdelta/calmodulin complex reveals the molecular mechanism of CaMKII kinase activation. (proteopedia.org)
  • For this purpose, WIN 55,212-2 was injected in pregnant wistar rats from gestation day 5 to 20 and a detailed analysis of the levels of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as of the signaling molecules extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and alpha-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (alpha-CaMKII) was carried out in adult offspring. (researchgate.net)
  • Metabolic activation of CaMKII by coenzyme A. (umassmed.edu)
  • Central to these events is a molecule called Calcium-Calmodulin dependent Kinase II (CaMKII). (nlmfoundation.org)
  • CaMKII is a molecule capable of affecting practically every facet of cellular metabolism and homeostasis upon activation, which depends on transiently elevated concentrations of calcium in the cell. (nlmfoundation.org)
  • Moreover, this regulation relies on insulin gene expression through the activation of CaMKII and MafA. (lu.se)
  • It is shown that increasing of intracellular calcium concentration in rotavirus infected cells is associated with the activation of some members of protein kinases family such as calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, which plays a crucial role in replication and pathogenesis of the virus. (ac.ir)
  • Ca2+/Calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CaMK) are mammalian calmodulin-dependent calcium-dependent protein kinases activated by elevation of Ca+2 and calmodulin concentration to phosphorylate Ser and Thr. (proteopedia.org)
  • The aim of this study was to expression bovine rotavirus NSP4 gene in HEK293 cell and evaluation of its biological effect related to activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II in cell culture. (ac.ir)
  • Western blot analysis was performed as a confirmation test for both expression of NSP4 protein and activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II. (ac.ir)
  • Expression of NSP4 and activated form of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II were demonstrated by western blotting. (ac.ir)
  • Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II: an unforgettable kinase. (ac.ir)
  • Autophosphorylation at Thr286 of the α calcium-calmodulin kinase II in LTP and learning. (ac.ir)
  • Inhibition of the inositol trisphosphate receptor of mouse eggs and A7r5 cells by KN-93 via a mechanism unrelated to Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II antagonism. (umassmed.edu)
  • Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II phosphorylation of the GABAA receptor alpha 1 subunit modulates benzodiazepine binding. (vcu.edu)
  • Multifunctional calcium and calmodulin-dependent kinase II in neuronal function and disease. (vcu.edu)
  • In a heterologous system, the Ca 2+ signaling pattern induced by mGluR1α activation was modulated by the Homer3 phosphorylation state. (jneurosci.org)
  • This results in the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and the activation of protein kinase C. The activation of Group I mGluRs also results in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. (uwo.ca)
  • The activation of endogenous mGluR1 in primary mouse cortical neuron stimulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation. (uwo.ca)
  • The Pyk2 mediated activation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation is also Src-, calmodulin- and protein kinase C-dependent. (uwo.ca)
  • With less calcium available to combine with calmodulin, there is less activation of myosin light chain kinase and phosphorylation of myosin light chains ( click here for details ). (cvpharmacology.com)
  • Our analysis showed that phosphorylation within specific regions of the C-terminal tail of mGluR2 is sensitive to receptor activation, and subsequent site-directed mutagenesis of these sites identified key regions which tune receptor sensitivity. (bvsalud.org)
  • We propose that conformational changes in Dfi1p in response to environmental conditions encountered during growth allow the protein to bind calmodulin and initiate a signaling cascade that activates Cek1p. (tufts.edu)
  • NAD kinases in plants and sea urchin eggs have also been found to bind calmodulin. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study, we investigated the mechanism that links activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors to inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels in isolated catfish cone horizontal cells. (nih.gov)
  • Inhibition of CaMK4 reduced Il17 transcription through decreased activation of the cAMP response element modulator α (CREM-α) and reduced activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway, which is known to enhance Th17 differentiation. (jci.org)
  • Using pharmacological inhibition of various Ca 2+ -sensitive kinases, it was found that at least part of the autophagy that occurred during SOCE was due to activation of Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-β (CaMKK-β, also known as CaMKK-2). (open.ac.uk)
  • 1983. Correlation of metal toxicity with in vitro calmodulin inhibition. (cdc.gov)
  • 12. Braun AP, Schulman H. The multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase: from form to function. (ac.ir)
  • A multifunctional calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that occurs as an oligomeric protein comprised of twelve subunits. (curehunter.com)
  • 1) decreasing calcium levels in the cell, thus decreasing calcium-calmodulin complex activation of myosin light chain kinase. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • These data suggest that the type III adenylyl cyclase is stimulated by Ca2+ when the enzyme is activated by G-protein-coupled receptors and that increases in free Ca2+ accompanying receptor activation may amplify the primary cyclic AMP signal. (nih.gov)
  • Blocking NMDA receptors with AP-7, blocking CICR with ruthenium red, depleting stores with caffeine, or dialyzing cells with calmodulin antagonists W-5 or peptide 290-309 all prevented sodium channel modulation. (nih.gov)
  • Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are coupled via Galphaq/11 to the activation of phospholipase Cbeta, which hydrolyzes membrane phospholipids to form inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. (uwo.ca)
  • In the central nervous system (CNS), NO synthesis is primarily triggered by activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and has a Janus face, with both beneficial and harmful properties. (frontiersin.org)
  • Expression of type I adenylyl cyclase activity in animal cells has established that this enzyme is stimulated by calmodulin and Ca2+. (nih.gov)
  • The sensitivity of the type III adenylyl cyclase to Ca2+ and calmodulin has not been reported. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, type III adenylyl cyclase was expressed in human kidney 293 cells to determine if the enzyme is stimulated by Ca2+ and calmodulin. (nih.gov)
  • Our results place fundamental limits on the activation mechanism of this kinase. (elifesciences.org)
  • In order to investigate the CaM activation mechanism of nNOS, the effect of the conformational changes of nNOSrd and the binding of NADP(H) on the redox potential of the flavins, cofactors were assessed for the isolated FAD and FMN sub-domains by OTTLE potentiometry. (ndltd.org)
  • Calcium-induced activation of calmodulin regulates and modulates the function of cardiac ion channels. (nih.gov)
  • This enhancement is combined with the activation of Pdx-1, the transcription factor that regulates insulin gene expression. (lu.se)
  • This phenomenon may be unique to C. albicans as we did not detect activation of Kss1p in S. cerevisiae in response to increased intracellular calcium levels, even if Dfi1p is overexpressed. (tufts.edu)
  • We show that the C-terminal tail of Dfi1p binds to calmodulin in vitro, and mutations that affect this region affect both calmodulin binding in vitro and invasive filamentation when incorporated into the full length Dfi1p protein. (tufts.edu)
  • Activation of cyclase results in increased concentrations of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) which results in vasodilation. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • Calmodulin Mutations in Human Disease. (nih.gov)
  • This gene encodes one of three calmodulin proteins which are members of the EF-hand calcium-binding protein family. (nih.gov)
  • The fact that many Rho family effector proteins will specifically recognize the GTP bound form of the protein has been exploited experimentally to develop a powerful affinity purification assay that monitors Rac and Cdc42 protein activation. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • This effect was associated with decreased activation of pathways linked to neurotrophin and glutamate receptor signaling. (researchgate.net)
  • In human breast epithelial cells Wnt-5a activates the canonical b-catenin pathway as well as the non-canonical Ca2+/calmodulin and planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways. (lu.se)
  • There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade. (bvsalud.org)
  • In contrast to the expectations of previous work, we found little evidence for subunit exchange upon activation, and no effect of restraining subunits to their parent holoenzymes. (elifesciences.org)
  • These results support the hypothesis that NMDA modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels in horizontal cells requires CICR and activation of a calmodulin-dependent signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Calmodulin Interactions with Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. (nih.gov)
  • Of note, DAPK can activate PKD in HeLa cells under oxidative stress conditions 11 , thus suggesting that PKD activation may contribute to cellular death. (nature.com)
  • The assay therefore provides a simple means of quantitating Rac or Cdc42 activation in cells. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Calcium regulation by PMCA and SERCA is essential for all cells, not least neurons, so if a pathological condition is associated with transitioning from natural aSN to clumped aSN, there is also a shift in aSN activation from PMCA to SERCA, and calcium regulation is thus strongly affected. (eurekalert.org)
  • The fundamental need for Ca 2+ in the activation of autophagy was demonstrated by loading cells with an exogenous Ca 2+ buffer, which prevented various stimuli from triggering autophagy. (open.ac.uk)
  • Wnt-5a signalling is thus involved in the activation of DDR1 as well as in hampering NFAT activity, both of which affect the migratory capacity of tumour cells. (lu.se)
  • required for full activation of mitogen activated protein kinase Cek1p during growth on agar, indicating that Dfi1p is involved in Cek1p activation under these conditions. (tufts.edu)
  • Our data reveal that Pyk2 couples the activation mGluRs to the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway even though it attenuates mGluR1-dependent G protein signaling. (uwo.ca)
  • Previously, the protein calmodulin was the only known activation factor of PMCA, but the researchers now add another important player and show that the activation of PMCA by aSN takes place in negatively charged membrane environments, complementary to calmodulin, which acts in neutral and possibly positively charged lipid environments. (eurekalert.org)
  • The type III enzyme was not stimulated by Ca2+ and calmodulin in the absence of other effectors. (nih.gov)
  • It was, however, stimulated by Ca2+ through calmodulin when the enzyme was concomitantly activated by either GppNHp or forskolin. (nih.gov)
  • It differs from other enzyme subtypes in that it lacks a phosphorylatable activation domain that can respond to CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE. (curehunter.com)
  • Subtype Differences in the Interaction of HIV-1 Matrix with Calmodulin: Implications for Biological Functions. (nih.gov)
  • Mechanistically, WSSV infects shrimp by binding to its receptor, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), and induces the interaction of its intracellular domain with Calmodulin. (genscript.com)
  • Calmodulin then promotes the activation of protein kinase B (AKT) by interaction with the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of AKT. (genscript.com)
  • Dfi1p Binding to Calmodulin Promotes Filamentation and Cek1p Activation in Candida albicans. (tufts.edu)
  • Translocation and activation of calcineurin following prolonged status epilepticus in the rat. (vcu.edu)
  • Pyk2 uncouples metabotropic glutamate receptor G protein signaling but facilitates ERK1/2 activation. (uwo.ca)
  • Calmodulin lobes facilitate dimerization and activation of estrogen receptor-a. (nih.gov)
  • The activation appears to be of particular importance in the presynaptic area of neurons, which is responsible for transmitting signals in the brain's neural network. (eurekalert.org)
  • In addition, the researchers show by mathematical network modeling that PMCA activation likely to be of key importance for the calcium balance (homeostasis), when neurons signal repeatedly, and calcium therefore enters the cell constantly. (eurekalert.org)
  • Autophagy hijacked through viroporin-activated calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-β signaling is required for rotavirus replication. (ac.ir)
  • The activation of autophagy absolutely required the presence of extracellular Ca 2+ , and was not due to cellular stress. (open.ac.uk)
  • The C-terminal tail of Dfi1p has a calmodulin binding motif, suggesting that Dfi1p binding to calmodulin may affect Cek1p activation and invasive filamentation. (tufts.edu)
  • The goal of this work was to determine the importance of the calmodulin binding motif of Dfi1p in filamentation and signaling. (tufts.edu)
  • NADK is also reportedly stimulated by calcium/calmodulin binding in certain cell types, such as neutrophils. (wikipedia.org)
  • Time-resolved DEER EPR and solid-state NMR afford kinetic and structural elucidation of substrate binding to Ca(2+)-ligated calmodulin. (nih.gov)
  • 1978. Metabolic activation of trichloroethylene into a chemically reactive metabolite toxic to the liver. (cdc.gov)
  • The discovery of natural aSN's role in calcium pump activation represents an important step towards understanding the complex biology of neurodegenerative diseases and how we might be able to cure them. (eurekalert.org)
  • By identifying the shift from natural aSN activation of PMCA to clumped aSN activation of SERCA, researchers can gain insights into the mechanisms that underlie the onset and progression of neurodegenerative conditions. (eurekalert.org)
  • In many cases this activation is transient, but the mechanisms stopping sustained stimulation remain unexplored 7 . (nature.com)
  • Understanding the mechanisms that regulate activation / inactivation of the GTPases is of obvious biological significance and is a subject of intense investigation. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Consequently, the increased metastatic potential of breast tumours with low Wnt-5a expression could be due to inactivation of DDR1 or enhanced NFAT activation. (lu.se)
  • Moreover, increasing intracellular calcium levels leads to calcium-dependent, Dfi1p-dependent Cek1p activation. (tufts.edu)
  • Here, we present evidence that the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK4) is increased and required during Th17 cell differentiation. (jci.org)
  • aSN's activation of PMCA thus prevents a build up of calcium that would be toxic to the cell. (eurekalert.org)
  • In normal breast epithelium, Wnt-5a is important for cell-ECM adhesion and activation of the collagen receptor DDR1. (lu.se)
  • Activated AKT phosphorylates mTOR and results in the activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway to promote its downstream effectors, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6Ks), for viral protein translation. (genscript.com)
  • Protein kinase D1 (PKD1), together with PKD2 and PKD3, constitute a family classified within the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase superfamily 7 . (nature.com)