The retinoic acid receptor antagonist Ro 41-5253 was capable of suppressing retinoid-induction Cx43 luciferase reporter construct in F9 cells, but did not suppress reporter activity induced by the non-pro-vitamin A carotenoids astaxanthin or lycopene, indicating that retinoids have separate mechanisms of gene activation than non-pro-vitamin A carotenoids. (nih.gov)
Neither class of compound required protein synthesis for induction of Cx43 mRNA, nor was the 5.0 h half-life of Cx43 mRNA altered, indicating direct transcriptional activation. (nih.gov)
Particular emphasis was placed on the basal ectoplasmic specialization (ES) in the seminiferous epithelium and expression of gap junction protein, connexin 43 (Cx43). (biomedcentral.com)
Previous studies have shown that connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap junction protein richly expressed in spinal cord astrocytes, is a potential mediator of secondary damage. (jci.org)
MHC1 inhibited the activation of Cx43 hemichannels in both primary spinal astrocytes and astrocytes in situ. (jci.org)
Glial connexin 43 hemichannels (Cx43 HCs) enable direct exchange with the extracellular space and can regulate neuronal network activity. (univ-amu.fr)
Western blot analysis showed that connexin 43 (Cx43), which is the major functional protein of gap junction, is present in multiphosphorylated forms: a nonphosphorylated form (P0) and phosphorylated forms (P1, P2, and P3). (elsevierpure.com)
In addition, the increase in the P3/P0 density ratio induced by a high glucose level was restored to the control level by both staurosporine and calphostin C. These results suggest that the high glucose level induced the inhibition of GJIC activity in cultured VSMCs through excessive phosphorylation of Cx43, mediated by PKC activation. (elsevierpure.com)
In the present study we evaluated in vivo and in vitro effects of 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) on the expression and distribution of adherens and gap junction proteins, N-cadherin, β-catenin, and connexin 43 (Cx43), in testes of seasonally breeding rodents, bank voles. (edu.pl)
Alterations in cadherin/catenin and Cx43-based junction may partially result from activation of estrogen receptor α and/or β signaling pathway. (edu.pl)
Hemichannels2
In vertebrates, gap junction hemichannels are primarily homo- or hetero-hexamers of connexin proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Cellular stress responses are also regulated through the activity of unpaired connexons (hemichannels) and via the intracellular interference of connexins with the cell cycle and pro-apoptotic machinery. (edu.pl)
Proteins4
Gap junctions, connexons, are formed by assembly of trans-membrane connexin proteins and have multiple functions including the coordination of cell responses. (nih.gov)
By 1974 one of the major gap junction proteins was dubbed a "connexin", and six connexins were observed to form a channels called a "connexon", due to the connections connexon pairs made between cells. (wikipedia.org)
The term connexin was used to describe the gap junction proteins connecting two cells with pores. (wikipedia.org)
Elements previously from the legislation of myometrial activation are the oxytocin receptor, difference junction proteins connexin-43, voltage-gated calcium mineral stations, prostaglandin receptor subtypes, estrogen, transcription and cortisol elements c-Jun and c-Fos. (researchensemble.com)
Junctions4
While more than 26 different connexins frequently populate gap junctions in various different tissues there are at least 12 other components that form the specialized area of membrane called the gap junction. (wikipedia.org)
This has led to the idea that pannexins may never form intercellular junctions in the same way connexins and innexins do and so should not use the same hemi-channel/channel naming. (wikipedia.org)
With term activation, we take notice of the upregulation of cytoskeletal redecorating mediators (intermediate filaments), cell junctions, transcriptional regulators, as well as the organize downregulation of harmful control checkpoints of simple muscles contractile signaling. (researchensemble.com)
Phosphorylation3
In recent studies, we found that PAF, which is secreted by cells in the tumor microenvironment, stimulates the phosphorylation and activation of CREB in metastatic melanoma cells. (mdanderson.org)
Identification of ischemia-regulated phosphorylation sites in connexin43: A possible target for the antiarrhythmic peptide analogue rotigaptide (ZP123). (ku.dk)
4] The ATP depletion is due to activation of Na+/K+ -ATPase, which, in turn, is a consequence of decreased phosphorylation by protein kinase C. Activation of the NMDA receptor is probably the cause of seizures in acute hyperammonemia. (medscape.com)
GJA13
Before innexins and connexins were well characterized, the genes coding for connexin gap junction channels were classified in one of three groups, based on gene mapping and sequence similarity: A, B and C (for example, GJA1, GJC1). (wikipedia.org)
The Complex Subtype-Dependent Role of Connexin 43 (GJA1) in Breast Cancer. (123dok.net)
Connexin 43, Bcl-2, Bax, Ki67, and E-cadherin patterns in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship with GJA1 rs12197797 C/G. (cdc.gov)
Intercellular3
Paracrine signaling, exchange of mechanical stimuli and intercellular transfer of small metabolites via connexin-built gap junctional channels are involved in the cellular stress detection and propagation of stress stimuli in multicellular networks. (edu.pl)
We also discuss the role of connexin-mediated intercellular transmittance of stress signals in tumour promotion, progression and metastatic cascade. (edu.pl)
Andrysik Z, Prochazkova J, Kabatkova M, Umannova L, Simeckova P, Kohoutek J, Kozubik A, Machala M, Vondracek J (2013) Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated disruption of contact inhibition is associated with connexin43 downregulation and inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication. (edu.pl)
Sertoli1
In high-diet bulls, mature Sertoli cell marker Connexin 43, was upregulated at 16 wk and immature PF-03084014 Sertoli cell marker (AMH) downregulated at 24 wk. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
Pathway1
Ai XL, Chi Q, Qiu Y, Li HY, Li DJ, Wang JX, Wang ZY (2017) Gap junction protein connexin43 deregulation contributes to bladder carcinogenesis via targeting MAPK pathway. (edu.pl)
Conduction3
AIM: To relate the topography of the horse heart and the distribution and histology of the conduction system to the pattern of ventricular activation as a mechanism for the unique electrical axis of the equine heart. (ku.dk)
Outside the nodal regions the conduction system consisted of Purkinje fibers connected by connexin 43 and long, slender parallel running transitional cells. (ku.dk)
Another electrical property is conductivity, which is characterized by a conduction and activation process, where the action potential, by the all-or-nothing law, travels throughout the heart. (bvsalud.org)
Extracellular1
Acute ammonia intoxication in an animal model leads to increased extracellular concentration of glutamate in the brain and results in activation of the N -methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. (medscape.com)
Microglial activation4
I mention microglial activation in a number of additional blog entries. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
There is wide agreement that excessive microglial activation is a key process in nervous system disorders involving release of strong pro-inflammatory cytokines, cytokines which can trigger worsening of multiple disease states. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Several reports have demonstrated that attenuation of microglial activation by minocycline, an antimicrobial drug with anti-inflammatory properties, delays disease progression in a mouse model of ALS. (ulaval.ca)
Further analysis revealed that the late minocycline treatment was associated with significant induction of the end-stage GFAP-biophotonic signals, expression levels of connexin 43, a major protein of astrocytic gap junction and markers of microglial activation, such as Iba1 and CD68. (ulaval.ca)
Signals1
In this review, we outline the current knowledge on the multidirectional role of connexins in the detection of stress signals. (edu.pl)
Metastatic1
Overexpression of PAR-1 contributes to the metastatic phenotype by regulating connexin-43, Maspin, and MCAM/MUC18. (mdanderson.org)
Contributes1
Yan J, Kong W, Zhang Q, Beyer EC, Walcott G, Fast VG, Ai X. c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation contributes to reduced connexin43 and development of atrial arrhythmias. (rush.edu)
Tissue1
Therefore, connexins are considered as multidirectional transmitters of the "outside-in" and "inside-out" stress signaling that are crucial for tissue homeostasis, regeneration and pathology. (edu.pl)
Tumor2
In particular, the disturbance of connexin function during the multi-stage process of tumor development leads to abnormal reactions of tumor cells to stress stimuli. (edu.pl)
Benassi MS, Picci P, Krenacs T (2015) Prognostic impact of reduced connexin43 expression and gap junction coupling of neoplastic stromal cells in giant cell tumor of bone. (edu.pl)
Proliferation1
Aasen T (2015) Connexins: junctional and non-junctional modulators of proliferation. (edu.pl)
Major1
Major pathways enriched at 16 wk were cholesterol biosynthesis, steroid metabolism and activation of gene expression by Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) (P? (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
Channels2
Channel composition influences the function of gap junction channels and different connexins will not necessarily form heterotypic with all others. (wikipedia.org)
New insights into the mechanisms underlying AF have identified promising new approaches, including the modulation of atrium-specific ion channels, connexins and the ryanodine receptor, the prevention of remodelling processes that lead to the arrhythmia as well as specific molecular events involved in arrhythmia generation. (nature.com)
Gene2
Using the immediate early gene c-Fos expression, we found that i.c.v. TAT-GAP19 injection induced neuronal activation in hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei dedicated to food intake regulation. (univ-amu.fr)
Using lately developed useful mapping equipment (HOPACH (hierarchical purchased partitioning and collapsing cross types) and GenMAPP 2.0), we've identified new potential transcriptional regulatory gene systems mediating the changeover from quiescence to term activation. (researchensemble.com)
Atrial1
Many recent studies in both animal models and humans have revealed that renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation is one of the most vital mechanisms involved in atrial fibrosis [ 1 , 4 ] . (medsci.org)
Coordination1
Thus, the distribution of the Purkinje network is of paramount importance for the timing and coordination of ventricular activation. (ku.dk)
Axis2
Interestingly, the pro-inflammatory activation of the ATP/purinergic axis was reduced in SIRT6+ HUVECs. (bvsalud.org)
ECGs recorded in an orthogonal configuration revealed a mean electrical axis pointing in a cranial-to-left direction indicating ventricular activation in an apex-to-base direction. (ku.dk)
As a result the term "innexin" was used to differentiate invertebrate from vertebrate connexins. (wikipedia.org)
Found1
The Purkinje fibers are found in the subendocardium of all species of mammals, but some mammals also possess an intramural Purkinje fiber network that provides for relatively instantaneous, burst-like activation of the entire ventricular wall, and gives rise to an rS configuration in lead II of the ECG. (ku.dk)