• The presence of a functional BCR is necessary during antigen-dependent differentiation and for continued survival in the peripheral immune system. (wikidoc.org)
  • CD9 is a member of the cell membrane associated tetraspanin family and has been shown to have a wide array of functions, including promotion of MHC clustering, antigen presentation, T cell activation, cell adhesion, motility, growth and differentiation, signal transduction, tumor formation and egg/sperm fusion. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In flow cytometric immunophenotyping, monoclonal antibodies targeting CD antigens are extensively used for the identification and characterization of leukocyte populations, subpopulations and differentiation stages. (stratech.co.uk)
  • Along with functioning as a MC chemoattractant by means of its binding to CD9 197, IL-16 also can Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 44 Proteins Gene ID market maturation and differentiation of human umbilical cord blood-derived MCs when administered with each other with SCF 198. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • CD9 is a gene encoding a protein that is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily also known as the tetraspanin family. (wikipedia.org)
  • B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 , also known as CD19 molecule ( C luster of D ifferentiation 19 ), B-Lymphocyte Surface Antigen B4 , T-Cell Surface Antigen Leu-12 and CVID3 is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the gene CD19 . (wikidoc.org)
  • [17] CD19 signaling involves the recruitment and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K ) and later downstream, the activation of protein kinase B ( Akt ). (wikidoc.org)
  • Roifman CM, Ke S. CD19 is a substrate of the antigen receptor-associated protein tyrosine kinase in human B cells. (hcdm.org)
  • In specific cases, the cells are engineered for knock out of one or more genes, such as Signaling Threshold Regulating Transmembrane Adaptor 1 (SIT1), Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Antigen 2 (BST2), and/or programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). (justia.com)
  • In particular embodiments, the genes that are knocked out or knocked down are Signaling Threshold Regulating Transmembrane Adaptor 1 (SIT1), Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Antigen 2 (BST2), and Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). (justia.com)
  • ITGB1 is a cell adhesion molecule appearing on platelets, as the common Beta subunit of the very late activation antigen (VLA), and as a component of various protein complexes binding to extracellular matrix proteins. (thermofisher.com)
  • CD4 antigens also serve as INTERLEUKIN-15 receptors and bind to the HIV receptors, binding directly to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120. (uams.edu)
  • Integral membrane protein associated with integrins, which regulates different processes, such as sperm-egg fusion, platelet activation and aggregation, and cell adhesion (PubMed:8478605, PubMed:14575715, PubMed:18541721). (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, we observed increased FZD7 protein expression in ovarian tumors compared with normal ovarian tissue, indicating that FZD7 may be a tumor-specific antigen. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, glycoproteins with the Tn antigen have different subcellular distributions in different cells, which may be attributed to the distinct mechanisms for the formation of protein O-GalNAcylation. (mcw.edu)
  • T cell-targeted immunomodulators such as monoclonal antibodies against PD-1 or CTLA-4 are used in combination with T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) (CAR-T cells) against several malignancies in clinical trials. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • An introduction to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy for human cancer. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • On-target off-tumor toxicity impedes the clinical application of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-T cells) in the treatment of solid tumors. (researchsquare.com)
  • GM1CD9 triggers platelet activation resulted in platelet aggregation, but it is blocked by anti-Fc receptor CD32. (sdfca.org)
  • Affinity and dose of T cell receptor (TCR) interaction with antigens govern the magnitude of CD4+ T cell responses but questions remain regarding the quantitative translation of TCR engagement into downstream signals. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • For example, CD3 is a T cell co-receptor exclusively expressed on the surface of all mature T cells, while CD4 and CD8 antigens are expressed on the surface of T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells, respectively. (stratech.co.uk)
  • The combinatorial antigen recognition strategy can improve the therapeutic safety of CAR-T cells by targeting two different tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) using a CAR and a chimeric costimulatory receptor (CCR). (researchsquare.com)
  • A component of the B-cell antigen receptor that is involved in B-cell antigen receptor heavy chain transport to the PLASMA MEMBRANE. (rush.edu)
  • Shown in HIV-1 infection, exosomes are able to enhance HIV-1 entry through tetraspanin CD9 and CD81. (wikipedia.org)
  • Suggesting based on the cancer CD9 can be a tumor suppressor or promotor. (wikipedia.org)
  • A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Xu S, Zheng J, Xiao H, Wu R. Simultaneously Identifying and Distinguishing Glycoproteins with O -GlcNAc and O-GalNAc (the Tn Antigen) in Human Cancer Cells. (mcw.edu)
  • We demonstrate the activation of OGT activity by monitoring the time-dependent increase of cellular O -GlcNAc and profile glycoproteins using mass-spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics. (mcw.edu)
  • CD9 has a diverse role in cellular processes as it has also been shown to trigger platelet activation and aggregation. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD9 antigen modulates cell adhesion, migration and platelet activation. (sdfca.org)
  • It functions in platelet activation and aggregation, the formation of paranodal junctions in neuronal tissue, and the fusion of sperm with egg. (nih.gov)
  • Involved in platelet activation and aggregation (PubMed:18541721). (nih.gov)
  • It is also known as glycoprotein-27 (GP-27), Red blood cell antigen MER 2 (MER 2), platelet-endothelial tetraspan antigen-3 (PETA-3), Raph blood group antigen (RAPH)/Membrane Glycoprotein SFA-1 (SFA-1) and tetraspanin-24 (TSPAN-24), was located on chromosome 11p15.5 [ 4 , 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Antigens, CD15" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (childrensmercy.org)
  • In addition, CD15 antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen. (childrensmercy.org)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Antigens, CD15" by people in this website by year, and whether "Antigens, CD15" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Antigens, CD15" by people in Profiles. (childrensmercy.org)
  • 13. KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 serve as markers of infiltration, metastasis, and prognosis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. (nih.gov)
  • 17. A Novel Function of CD82/KAI1 in Sialyl Lewis Antigen-Mediated Adhesion of Cancer Cells: Evidence for an Anti-Metastasis Effect by Down-Regulation of Sialyl Lewis Antigens. (nih.gov)
  • 18. Adenoviral transduction of MRP-1/CD9 and KAI1/CD82 inhibits lymph node metastasis in orthotopic lung cancer model. (nih.gov)
  • 20. Metastasis suppressor KAI1/CD82 attenuates the matrix adhesion of human prostate cancer cells by suppressing fibronectin expression and β1 integrin activation. (nih.gov)
  • CD9 can also modulate cell adhesion and migration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, CD9 has been shown to block adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to wounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD29 complexes with one of nine integrin alpha subunits to form the very late antigen (VLA) subfamily of adhesion molecules. (thermofisher.com)
  • 13. Xia Y, Janda A, Eryilmaz E, Casadevall A, Putterman C. The constant region affects antigen binding of antibodies to DNA by altering secondary structure. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Because CD antigens are expressed at varying degrees and cell types, multiparameter flow cytometric analysis utilizing two or more combinations of fluorescently labeled CD antibodies enables clear resolution of particular cell type or subtype. (stratech.co.uk)
  • This Antibody was verified by Knockdown to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)
  • Mouse monoclonal to CD9.TB9a reacts with CD9 ( p24), a member of the tetraspan ( TM4SF ) family with 24 kDa MW, expressed on platelets and weakly on B-cells. (sdfca.org)
  • TIMP1 and TIMP2 counteracted the effect of TGFβ in increasing the percentage of CD56 bright, CD16 - , CD9 + and CD49a + , and restoring normal levels for TIMP 1 and 2 also inhibited decrease levels of the activation marker NKG2D induced by TGFβ and decreased the TGFβ upregulated exhaustion marker TIM-3. (zhihuiya.com)
  • Regulates cell activation and growth and cell aggregation. (biolegend.com)
  • Tedder TF, Isaacs CM. Isolation of cDNAs encoding the CD19 antigen of human and mouse B lymphocytes. (hcdm.org)
  • Systematic analysis of the role of CD19 cytoplasmic tyrosines in enhancement of activation in Daudi human B cells: clustering of phospholipase C and Vav and of Grb2 and Sos with different CD19 tyrosines. (hcdm.org)
  • This function makes CD9 of interest when studying cancer and cancer metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The over expression of CD9 was shown to decrease metastasis in certain types of melanoma, breast, lung, pancreas and colon carcinomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD9 is commonly used as a marker for exosomes as it is contained on their surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • It forms a alphaIIbbeta3-CD9-CD63 complex on the surface of platelets that interacts directly with other cells such as neutrophils which may assist in immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • The high efficiency displayed by DCs in concentrating and presenting foreign antigens on their surface to immune cells may not always have a positive outcome. (medscape.com)
  • The effects of TIMP1 or TIMP2 on NK cell surface antigens were determined by multicolor flow cytometry. (zhihuiya.com)
  • During lymphocyte maturation, immune cells will express complex variations of CD antigens on its cell surface, some of which are lost, while others are acquired at various stages either by interactions with antigen presenting cells (APC) or with other cells of the immune system. (stratech.co.uk)
  • The presence or absence of a specific antigen from the surface of the particular cell population is denoted with "+" or "-" respectively. (stratech.co.uk)
  • 1-4 Other cis ligands are CD9, IGHM and CD38. (hcdm.org)
  • Exosomes can modulate the activation of various signaling pathways in target (recipient) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since immune cells express CD antigens at various stages of development or cell activation, they serve as reliable biomarkers for differentiating leukocyte populations and subpopulations, a technique referred to as immunophenotyping. (stratech.co.uk)
  • While oocytes are ovulated, CD9-deficient oocytes do not properly fuse with sperm upon fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD9 is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues and its roles are cell type dependent. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It has also been suggested that CD9 has an effect on the ability for cancer cells to develop chemoresistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs), which are a major subtype of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), serve a key role in the immunopathogenesis of AR ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • When allergens enter the body, they are presented by DCs to CD4 T cells to trigger allergic inflammatory responses, leading to the activation and maturation of DCs ( 2 , 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Dex, which mimics the biology of donor DCs, can transfer functional major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) to DCs, leading to the activation of CD8 and CD4 T cells ( 14 - 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • They primarily initiate immune responses by presenting antigens to naive T cells in lymphoid tissues ( 20 , 21 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-infected antigen-presenting cells on T cell activation and antiviral cytokine production. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Of note, LFA1, HLA Class II antigens, CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5 (which act as HIV coreceptors) were efficiently recruited and concentrated at the DC--T-cell interface, even in the absence of specific T-cell activation, thus favoring HIV infection in transenhancement of T cells bound to the HIV-carrying DCs. (medscape.com)
  • [ 20 ] Such elements would, thus, endow DCs with rapid sequestration of antigens, selective use of degradative compartments, and antigen accumulation for long-term storage or transfer to other cells. (medscape.com)
  • In mammals, some viruses, such as influenza, coronavirus and hepatitis C, exploit CD9 for exit of new virus particles from host cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • NK cell from healthy donors, exposed to TGFβ, acquire the CD56 bright CD9 + CD49a + decidual-like-phenotype, together with decreased levels of NKG2D activation marker, increased levels of TIM-3 exhaustion marker, similar to cancer-associated NK cells. (zhihuiya.com)
  • Our findings confirmed that PD-L1 can be used as a universal target antigen for designing CCR, improving the efficacy of CAR-T cells in the treatment of PD-L1-positive solid tumors but reducing toxicity within PD-L1-negative normal tissues expressing low levels of TAA in vivo . (researchsquare.com)
  • CD9 is a typical interferon stimulated gene and further associated with MHC II and the immune system and inflammation in general, as has been shown in mammals and to a lesser extent in fish. (elsevierpure.com)
  • CD9 is a novel marker for plasma cell precursors in human germinal centers. (southernbiotech.com)
  • However, in some cases CD9 plays a larger role in the ability of exosomes to be more or less pathogenic. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, the process of DC activation and maturation is accompanied by the production of exosomes, which are cell‑derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can carry proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other cargoes involved in intercellular communication and material transfer. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Despite these insights into the signaling pathways downstream of TCR activation there is little known about the transcriptional programs that determine the distinct phenotypes resulting from high- versus low-affinity stimulation. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • Upon cell activation, LAMP1 transfer to the plasma membrane is dependent on a carboyxl-terminal tyrosine based motif (YXXI). (thermofisher.com)
  • However in other studies, CD9 has been shown to increase migration or be highly expressed in metastatic cancers in various cell lines such as lung cancer, scirrhous-type gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and breast cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies showed that CD9 expression levels have an inverse correlation to metastatic potential or patient survival. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, expression of CD9 on the cellular membrane seems to decrease the viral entry of HIV-1. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, increased expression of CD9 can limit HIV-I virus budding. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Finally we show that Pectolinarin graded expression of activation genes depends on ERK pathway activation suggesting that an ERK-AP-1 axis plays an important role in translating TCR signal strength into proportional activation of enhancers and genes essential for T cell function. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • In addition, CD antigen expression can be influenced by certain disease conditions, and as such are often used as diagnostic or prognostic factors for the identification of leukemia's and lymphomas. (stratech.co.uk)
  • This suggests that CD9 could be of possible use to as treatment for skin infection by Staphylococcus aureus. (wikipedia.org)
  • They may be called naïve if they have not yet encountered their specific antigen. (biolegend.com)
  • Also containing distinct palmitoylation sites that allows CD9 to interact with lipids and other proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD9 is located in the microvillar membrane of the oocytes and also appears to intervene in maintaining the normal shape of oocyte microvilli. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD4 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are implicated as associative recognition elements in MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX class II-restricted immune responses. (uams.edu)