• These results suggest that MAAs accelerate wound repair by activating the FAK-MAPK signaling pathways. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Disruptions in these signaling pathways often have implications in the formation of a variety of cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fyn is primarily localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane, where it phosphorylates tyrosine residues on key targets involved in a variety of different signaling pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • Knowing which pathways involve Fyn will provide key insight for the development of potential pharmacologic agents to attenuate this uncontrolled signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • The GFRα and GFRα-mediated signaling pathways. (medsci.org)
  • This study, the first examination of rac1-mediated cardiac effects in vivo, demonstrates that dilation and hypertrophy can share a common molecular origin and presents evidence that both timing and concurrent signaling from multiple pathways can influence cardiac remodeling. (jci.org)
  • LPA activates at least six G-coupled protein receptors (LPA 1-6 ) stimulating different signaling pathways through heterotrimeric G proteins such as G i/0 , G 12/13 , G q/11 , and G s . (hindawi.com)
  • Several examples of the role of viral glycoproteins, their ligands, and cellular proteins of the signaling pathways have been described. (cdc.gov)
  • Binding of viral proteins to their ligands activates signaling pathways-focal adhesion kinase for human herpesvirus 8, JAK1, tyk2 and STAT1/2 for West Nile virus (WNV), I κ B-kinase, and nuclear transcription factor κ B (NF-κB) for influenza virus-resulting in virus entry, DNA delivery to nucleus, and modulation of protein expression that stimulate or inhibit virus replication. (cdc.gov)
  • Cancer cell biology takes advantage of identifying diverse cellular signaling pathways that are disrupted in cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Signaling pathways are an important means of communication from the exterior of cell to intracellular mediators, as well as intracellular interactions that govern diverse cellular processes. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Unraveling of dysregulated signaling pathways may advance the understanding of tumor pathophysiology and lead to the improvement of targeted tumor therapy. (eurekaselect.com)
  • In this review article, different signaling pathways and how their dysregulation contributes to the development of tumors have been discussed. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Cripto-1 overexpression in U87 glioblastoma cells activates MAPK, focal adhesion and ErbB pathways. (eurekaselect.com)
  • We selected most pathways MAPK4 participated on our site, such as B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway, Focal Adhesion, Insulin Signaling, which may be useful for your reference. (creativebiomart.net)
  • However, the KEGG signalling pathways namely "tumour necrosis factor (TNF)" and "cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction" were downregulated at 24H but activated at 48H. (nature.com)
  • Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) and Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) regulate multiple signalling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Functional enrichment analysis discovered a plethora of metabolic and immune system-related pathways activated in all three tilapia lines. (aquahoy.com)
  • In particular, the study highlighted the differential expression of genes associated with crucial pathways such as phagosome, focal adhesion, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and toll-like receptor signaling. (aquahoy.com)
  • β1 integrin is the major β integrin subunit in pancreatic beta-cells and forms heterodimers with 12 α integrin subunits, which interact with components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to control intracellular signaling via the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal related kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathways [ 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) triggers a battery of intracellular signaling pathways, especially PI3K/Akt, playing important roles in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, such as cancer, neurodevelopmental disorders, cardiovascular dysfunction and so on. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PTEN contributes to the control of several important cellular signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The schematic representation of the major signaling pathways in which PTEN is involved. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Integrin costimulatory signals modulate inflammatory gene expression, but the important control points between these pathways remain unresolved. (escholarship.org)
  • To understand which signaling pathways in pancreatic tumor cells might drive this suppressive tumor microenvironment, we analyzed the correlation between hyper-activated signaling molecules and tumor infiltrating leukocytes using 50 human PDAC tumor tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of the pathways evaluated, we found that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity is elevated in human PDAC and that FAK activity correlates with highly fibrotic tumors with poor CD8 + T cell infiltration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Purpose: In this study, we try to investigate the possible signaling pathways involved in the tumorigenesis of fibroblastic and anaplastic meningiomas. (omicsdi.org)
  • Results: Fibroblastic meningioma exhibited upregulated PI3K/Akt and TGFβ signaling pathways, and accelerated G1/S progression cell cycle. (omicsdi.org)
  • KEGG analysis also demonstrated that focal adhesion and ECM-receptor interaction pathways were activated in anaplastic meningioma. (omicsdi.org)
  • It was also suggested that the activated integrin-mediated signaling pathways were involved in the pathogenesis of anaplastic meningioma. (omicsdi.org)
  • The results revealed significant differences in the behavior and coordination of RNA editing events, biomolecules, and multiple signaling pathways which beyond any speculations from the findings in the process of carcinogenesis. (fortunejournals.com)
  • These studies have served to highlight the role of AND-34/BCAR3 and p130Cas in cell adhesion and migration signaling pathways. (molvis.org)
  • Because cancer has a strong dependence on the RAS pathway, blocking any single target is thought to be insufficient because the cancer will maintain its growth and survival through compensatory activation of signaling proteins elsewhere in the RAS pathway or activation of parallel signaling pathways. (verastem.com)
  • We hypothesized that podocytes are susceptible to filtered plasma components, including hormones and growth factors that stimulate signaling pathways leading to glomerulosclerosis. (medscape.com)
  • Targeting activated Gα subunits to specific cells in vivo permits identification of downstream effector pathways independent of receptor activation, and thus permits insight into disease mechanisms otherwise impossible to study in vivo . (medscape.com)
  • Fyn is a protein, present in the signaling pathway of integrins, which activates ras. (wikipedia.org)
  • Importantly, increasing numbers of novel reports suggest that the GFRα-mediated signaling pathway acts as an oncogenic promoter related to tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis as well as treatment resistance. (medsci.org)
  • Transgenic rac1 protein was expressed at levels comparable to endogenous rac levels, with activation of the rac1 signaling pathway resulting in two distinct cardiomyopathic phenotypes: a lethal dilated phenotype associated with neonatal activation of the transgene and a transient cardiac hypertrophy seen among juvenile mice that resolved with age. (jci.org)
  • Finally, the protein interaction network analysis revealed that VGLL3 is likely involved in the Hippo signaling pathway. (researchgate.net)
  • FAK is activated by phosphorylation at specific tyrosine residues, which then stimulate downstream signaling including the ERK1/2 pathway, leading to a variety of cellular responses. (techscience.com)
  • Our results demonstrate that FAK signaling emanating from Y397, Y925, and to a lesser extent Y576/7, but not from Y861, controls osteogenic differentiation through an ERK1/2 pathway, as measured by expression levels of key osteogenesis marker genes and subsequent matrix mineralization. (techscience.com)
  • FAK suppressed RTKs signalling in Drosophila melanogaster epithelia by impairing MAPK pathway. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Conversely, increasing the membrane pool of the receptor increased MAPK pathway signalling. (gla.ac.uk)
  • describes a novel signaling pathway involving Notch1 and its ligand, Δ-like ligand-4 (DLL4) in driving platelet activation and thrombus formation. (elifesciences.org)
  • PTEN dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3), therefore represses the activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, Akt/ glycogen synthase kinase3(GSK-3)/Snail signaling pathway, or Akt/GSK-3/Wnt/ signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is dephosphorylated by PTEN directly, leading to the inactivation of FAK/p130Cas pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The RAS pathway can be activated by upstream signaling, RAS mutation, or additional mutations in the pathway. (verastem.com)
  • MEK-only inhibition also induces phosphorylation and compensatory activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase and potentially other parallel pathway signaling nodes. (verastem.com)
  • Once activated, FAK can drive compensatory signaling through PI3K, RhoA and YAP, effectively by-passing RAS pathway blockade by the MEK-only inhibitor to drive tumor growth. (verastem.com)
  • VS-6766 is a dual RAF/MEK inhibitor that blocks BRAF, CRAF and MEK signaling and is thought to be the only agent in development that blocks more than one node in the RAS pathway. (verastem.com)
  • Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify signalling pathway in IMN. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pathway enrichment analysis found that the biological process induced by VEGFA is associated with PI3K/Akt signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GSEA showed that the signalling pathway of DEGs in GSE115857 was focused on angiogenesis, in which VEGFA acts as a core gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tyrosine phosphorylation of target proteins by Fyn serves to either regulate target protein activity, and/or to generate a binding site on the target protein that recruits other signaling molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, abnormal expression or aberrant activation of these molecules may convert normal growth signals to undesirable signals inducing overgrowth, becoming an important contributor to a variety of human cancers. (medsci.org)
  • Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a ubiquitous lysophospholipid and one of the main membrane-derived lipid signaling molecules. (hindawi.com)
  • Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a key integrator of integrin-mediated signals from the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton and downstream signaling molecules. (techscience.com)
  • Significant reductions in the phosphorylation of signaling molecules focal adhesion kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, and v-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene were observed in male MIPβ1KO islets when compared to controls. (oncotarget.com)
  • Integrins are heterodimeric, transmembrane receptors that function as mechanosensors, adhesion molecules and signal transduction platforms in a multitude of biological processes. (thno.org)
  • Although previous studies have identified different chemotropic and adhesion molecules that influence axonal development, the molecular mechanism by which these signals control the cytoskeleton remains poorly understood. (biologists.com)
  • Many of these molecules activate G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which couple to multiple Gα subunits. (medscape.com)
  • Integrin mediated cellular adhesion is dynamic process that is both indicative of and influenced by cell status. (thno.org)
  • The biodirectional nature of integrin mediated signaling allows both extra- and intracellular cues to regulate activation [ 4 ] (Fig. 1 ). (thno.org)
  • In the absence of integrin ligation, these processes are abrogated therefore pharmacological inhibition of integrin ligation is of great interest for the therapy of numerous diseases resulting from abberant integrin mediated signaling. (thno.org)
  • Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) are activated by growth factor receptors and by integrin-mediated cell adhesion. (harvard.edu)
  • FAK signaling facilitated TNF-α-induced, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and, surprisingly, FAK inhibition resulted in the loss of the GATA4 transcription factor required for TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 production. (escholarship.org)
  • Mapk8 is a member of the MAP kinase group that is activated by dual phosphorylation at thr and tyr residues during exposure to stress such as UV irradiation. (creativebiomart.net)
  • In MCF10A/HER2 cells, TGF-beta enhanced cell motility, FAK phosphorylation, F-actin assembly, and focal adhesion formation and inhibited RhoA activity. (nih.gov)
  • In cells expressing RPTPkappa RNAi, phosphorylation of Src at Tyr527 was increased and (activating) phosphorylation of Src at Tyr416 was reduced. (nih.gov)
  • Our data provide an interactive resource for investigation of the immunology of blood proteins that could support therapeutic targeting of microglia activation by immune and vascular signals. (nature.com)
  • However, how microglia integrate extracellular signals at sites of cerebrovascular damage and the specificity of blood proteins controlling innate immune cell polarization in disease remain poorly understood. (nature.com)
  • We report a blood-induced microglia gene network and show that blood proteins elicit distinct receptor-mediated transcriptional changes and signaling programs in innate immune cells. (nature.com)
  • RAF and MEK are two proteins "downstream" of KRAS, which means they get activated as a result of KRAS activation. (pancan.org)
  • Although focal adhesions are similar, in terms of molecular composition, to nascent adhesions and focal complexes, several adhesion proteins appear to change as focal adhesions evolve in response to tension, e.g., zyxin and vinculin . (cellmigration.org)
  • Podosomes are structurally divided into a core, which mainly contains proteins involved in actin polymerization (such as WASP, the Arp2/3 complex and cortactin ), and a surrounding ring populated by integrin receptors and adhesion proteins (for example, paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK/Pyk2) ) [15] . (cellmigration.org)
  • The integrin tails have no intrinsic kinase activity but rather serve as a site for the docking of various kinases and related adaptor proteins that comprise focal adhesions. (thno.org)
  • Active areas of investigation include: 1) the structure and regulation of focal adhesion kinase, 2) the molecular mechanisms that drive recruitment and activation of Src-family kinases in T-cell activation, and 3) formin proteins and the mechanisms by which they carry out the regulated assembly of actin structures. (harvard.edu)
  • This gene encodes a protein that belongs to a family of cytoplasmic proteins that activate the Ras-like family of Rho proteins by exchanging bound GDP for GTP. (nih.gov)
  • Whereas the formation of focal adhesions requires actomyosin-mediated contractile force mediated by RhoA , podosome formation is stimulated by a local loss of contractility and the recruitment of negative regulators of RhoA, such as p190RhoGAP [16] . (cellmigration.org)
  • The β-tail is the primary docking site in the formation of focal adhesions, but the alpha tail in some cases may also serve as a signaling scaffold for calcium dependent signaling events. (thno.org)
  • Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cell signaling, proliferation, migration, and development. (rcsb.org)
  • FAK interacts with several RTKs but little is known about how FAK regulates their downstream signalling. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Here we investigated how FAK regulates signalling resulting from the overexpression of the RTKs RET and EGFR. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, the FAK-mediated negative regulation of RTK/MAPK signalling described here may have potential implications in the designing of therapy strategies for RTK-driven tumours. (gla.ac.uk)
  • DLL-4, in turn, instigated neighbouring platelets to switch to 'activated' phenotype through cleavage of Notch receptor and release of its intracellular domain (NICD), which was averted by inhibition of γ-secretase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). (elifesciences.org)
  • In vivo , we found low dose of BV attenuates proteinuria via inhibiting VEGFA/PI3K/AKT signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • VEGFA/PI3K/AKT signalling may play significant roles in the pathogenesis of IMN, which may provide new targets for the treatment of IMN. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that SH, M-Gly, and P334 have significant effects on the wound healing process in human keratinocytes and these effects were mediated by activation of focal adhesion kinases (FAK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Fyn is a 59-kDa member of the Src family of kinases typically associated with T-cell and neuronal signaling in development and normal cell physiology. (wikipedia.org)
  • In one of the outside-in signaling mechanisms of integrins, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is phosphorylated and activated to recruit additional kinases and induce complex signaling cascade to regulate cell survival, proliferation, and migration ( Mitra and Schlaepfer, 2006 ). (drugdiscoverynews.com)
  • Cleaved products from type I collagen may activate focal adhesion kinases (FAK) that trigger migration and proliferation signals in VSMC. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fyn is located downstream of several cell surface receptors, commonly associated with neuronal development and T-cell signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the Cell Press paper, titled "Integrin αvβ5 Internalizes Zika Virus during Neural Stem Cells Infection and Provides a Promising Target for Antiviral Therapy," the authors note that "Integrins, a family of 24 heterodimers consisting of α and β subunits, are transmembrane adhesion receptors that are key components of cell signaling mechanisms involved in cancer progression and metastasis ( Hynes, 2002 ). (drugdiscoverynews.com)
  • Signaling is induced through binding of five independent ligands, Delta-like ligands (DLL)-1, 3, 4 and Jagged (Jag)-1 and -2 ( Kopan and Ilagan, 2009 ), to four isoforms of cognate Notch receptors, Notch1 to Notch4, on surface of adjacent cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Downstream of NMDA receptors and CaMKK-CaMK1 signaling cascade, promotes the formation of spines and synapses in hippocampal neurons. (nih.gov)
  • When fyn is activated it causes downstream activation of molecular signals that drive processes crucial to growth and motility of cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • When GFLs bind with GFRα, they form complexes and associate with the RET receptor, subsequently activating downstream signaling. (medsci.org)
  • Our laboratory studies the structural biology of cell signaling and the actin cytoskeleton. (harvard.edu)
  • In the present work, we show that the inhibition of BCL6, either by its gene silencing or by using specific small molecule inhibitors, impairs the migration and invasion of trophoblastic cells, by reducing cell adhesion and compromising the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Intracellular signaling events that converge on the cytoplasmic domain of integrin tails are also capable of activating the high affinity state. (thno.org)
  • Intracellular signals that result in integrin activation are referred to as 'inside-out' signaling events. (thno.org)
  • Integrin ligation via cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix contacts transduces intracellular signaling events in a process called 'outside-in' signaling (Fig. 2 ). (thno.org)
  • Innate immune cells integrate environmental signals to rapidly activate target genes and perform specialized cellular functions 5 . (nature.com)
  • The outcome of LPA signaling is dependent on cellular context and impacts on biological processes such as wound healing, differentiation, neurogenesis, and survival, to name a few [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A number of different cellular signaling and regulatory systems in the acini and ducts are involved with saliva formation when the glands are stimulated by gustatory, masticatory, and psychic stimulation. (medscape.com)
  • In vitro assays confirmed that the two compounds, to varying extents, inhibited RA-FLS proliferation, migration, invasion, and NF-κB signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cell-cell adhesion maintains epithelial tissues, supports functional contacts between specialized cells, and can facilitate directed migration (for example, radial glia can guide neuronal progenitor cells to specific layers of the brain). (cellmigration.org)
  • Cell-matrix adhesion is the best-studied form of adhesion that mediates cell migration, and is the focus of this outline. (cellmigration.org)
  • FAK signaling is critical for changes in cell morphology and migration, and thus may be an important driving force in the invasiveness of human tumors. (harvard.edu)
  • Interestingly, transcriptomic analyses reveal that a small interfering RNA-induced reduction of BCL6 decreases the levels of numerous genes, such as p21 activated kinase 1, myosin light chain kinase, and gamma actin related to cell adhesion, actin dynamics, and cell migration. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Endoglin controls cell migration and composition of focal adhesions: function of the cytosolic domain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Inhibition of Notch signaling, too, restrained agonist-induced platelet activation, and significantly impaired arterial thrombosis in mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • Signals emanating from focal adhesions have been shown to promote survival, differentiation and proliferation [ 5 ]. (thno.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Increase in MMP-2 activity proteolyzes type I collagen in the aortas of 2K1C rats and contributes to activate FAK and induces VSMC proliferation during the initial phase of hypertension. (bvsalud.org)
  • Defactinib is a selective inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which reduces stromal density in preclinical pancreatic cancer models and in liver metastases from pancreatic cancer patients. (pancan.org)
  • To examine the effect of rac1 activation upon cardiac structure and function, transgenic mice were created that express constitutively activated rac1 specifically in the myocardium. (jci.org)
  • The rac1 target p21-activated kinase translocated from a cytosolic to a cytoskeletal distribution, suggesting that rac1 activation was inducing focal adhesion reorganization. (jci.org)
  • Promotes targeting of RAC1 to focal adhesions (By similarity). (nih.gov)
  • It forms a complex with the small GTP binding protein Rac1 and recruits Rac1 to membrane ruffles and to focal adhesions. (nih.gov)
  • Oncogenic mutations or abnormal expression of signaling components disrupt the regulatory networks that govern cell function, thus enabling tumor cells to undergo dysregulated mitogenesis, to resist apoptosis, and to promote invasion to neighboring tissues. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Abstract In living tissues, cells express their functions following complex signals from their surrounding microenvironment. (regenhu.com)
  • Deregulation of cell signaling in cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Cell signaling and cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
  • These signals are also required for the dissolution of some adhesions (turnover) as the cell advances. (cellmigration.org)
  • Owing to their highly localized nature, cell-matrix adhesions were initially called focal adhesions. (cellmigration.org)
  • Over the years, several types of cell-matrix adhesion have been described. (cellmigration.org)
  • Nascent adhesions are small and highly transient - either maturing or disassembling ('turning over') - and are therefore not easily observed in every cell type [6] , [7] . (cellmigration.org)
  • Notch signaling dictates cell fate decisions in mammalian cells including megakaryocytes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) plays important roles in development and inflammation. (escholarship.org)
  • We have identified anti-cancer effects of Huaier, and its unique characteristics of 1) no side effects or toxicity, 2) in dose dependent manner, 3) causing specific cancer cell death with simultaneous tissue regeneration, 4) miRNA-mediated transcriptional control on the rescue of multiple signal transduction, by dependent on individual genomic potential. (fortunejournals.com)
  • These adhesions are usually physically linked to large, readily visualized actomyosin bundles [13] , and their appearance correlates inversely with motility, such that they are conspicuously absent in cells migrating within a three-dimensional (3D) substrate. (cellmigration.org)
  • During this process, ATX-LPA signaling induces production of proinflammatory cytokines. (hindawi.com)
  • In this review, we discuss the evidence linking LPA signaling to cancer-related inflammation and its impact on cancer progression. (hindawi.com)
  • [ 1 ] Although risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes are linked to CKD, little is known about the signaling mechanisms that lead to progression with aging. (medscape.com)
  • These results demonstrate the loss of AND-34 dysregulates focal adhesion complex signaling in lens epithelial cells and suggest that AND-34-mediated signaling is required for maintenance of the structural integrity of the adult ocular lens. (molvis.org)
  • Although their molecular composition is very similar to that of focal adhesions, their spatial distribution is radial, forming dot-like structures similar to 'suction cups' [14] . (cellmigration.org)
  • Our study defines the Asian OTSCC mutational landscape, highlighting the key role of Notch signaling in oral tongue tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PTEN also dephosphorylates Src homology 2-containing protein (Shc) directly, and inhibits the activation of Shc/Raf/ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling cascade. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rho activation is thought to generate focal adhesions and actin bundling due to increased myosin II activity. (cellmigration.org)
  • Extracellular factors that influence integrin activation are ligand binding, divalent cation concentration, chemokine signaling and mechanical stress. (thno.org)
  • Prior data link AND-34 expression to the activation of Akt signaling. (molvis.org)
  • For example, the combination of VS-6766 with the FAK inhibitor, defactinib, blocks both RAF and MEK as well as the compensatory FAK activation for more complete blockade of signaling and tumor growth. (verastem.com)
  • Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is one of the most common causes of primary glomerular disease in adults. (medscape.com)
  • Numerous conditions predispose patients to GS, including diabetes, hypertension, IgA nephropathy, FSGS (focal segmental GS) and immune-mediated injury. (medscape.com)
  • Here we review GFRα biological functions and discussed the evidence indicating whether GFRα signaling complex present novel opportunities for oncogenic intervention and treatment resistance. (medsci.org)
  • Despite a lack of previously reported NOTCH1 mutations, integrated analysis showed enrichments of alterations affecting Notch signaling in OTSCC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These adhesions generate signals that activate Rac, promoting actin polymerization and preventing myosin II engagement in the lamellipodium. (cellmigration.org)
  • They are larger than nascent adhesions, depend on myosin II for their formation and maintenance, and reside at the boundary of the lamellum and lamellipodium [10] , [11] . (cellmigration.org)
  • Interactions of FAK with phosphoinositide phosphatidylinsositol-4,5-bis-phosphate (PIP₂) are required to activate FAK. (rcsb.org)
  • Additionally, we are studying other signaling interactions that may be targets for development of anti-cancer drugs. (harvard.edu)
  • Upon binding of a MEK-only inhibitor, phospho-ERK inhibition attenuates this suppressive signal thus activating RAF kinase and stimulating tumor growth. (verastem.com)
  • Phospho-ERK inhibition by BRAF-only inhibitors also attenuates the suppressive signal from ERK to RAF, reactivating RAF. (verastem.com)
  • RAF then phosphorylates and activates MEK, which, in turn, phosphorylates and activates ERK to drive tumor growth. (verastem.com)
  • It is known that ATX-LPA signaling increases during wound healing, and both are produced and detected in blister fluids, where they mediate platelet aggregation and skin reepithelization [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The complete integumentary organ system (IOS) regeneration and scarless wound healing mechanism, which occurs in specific species, body sites and developmental stages, clearly shows that mechanical stress signals and immune responses play important roles in determining the wound healing mode. (mdpi.com)
  • AKT signaling in normal and malignant cells. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Fibrillar adhesions represent an extreme in the maturation of adhesions and are not generally seen in migrating cells. (cellmigration.org)
  • Podosomes are ring-shaped adhesions often found in fast-moving cells, such as macrophages. (cellmigration.org)
  • The cells communicate with each other through gap junctions, and this signalling gives them the ability to detect and respond to mechanical loading. (handwiki.org)
  • Moreover, the suppression of BCL6 weakens the signals of the phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase, Akt/protein kinase B, and extracellular regulated kinase 1/2, accompanied by more stationary, but less migratory, cells. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Dendritic cells in the skin act as sentinel APCs, taking up antigen, then traveling to local lymph nodes where they can activate T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Fyn also appears to play an important role in fertilization including in the rapid Inositol trisphosphate-mediated calcium signaling which occurs when oocyte and sperm interact. (wikipedia.org)
  • Existence of functional Notch signaling in enucleate platelets remains elusive. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our study presents compelling evidence in support of non-canonical juxtacrine Notch signaling within platelet aggregates that synergizes with physiological agonists to generate occlusive intramural thrombi. (elifesciences.org)
  • Given Wnt/c-Myc signaling is activated following intestinal regeneration, we investigated the functional importance of FAK following deletion of the Apc tumor suppressor protein within the intestinal epithelium. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • and microtubule targeting, which may contribute to adhesion disassembly. (cellmigration.org)