• Stem cell maintenance in the shoot is under the control of the CLAVATA-WUSCHEL (CLV-WUS) negative feedback-loop, which is tightly integrated with hormone function, in particular auxin and cytokinin that promote cell differentiation and proliferation, respectively 2 . (nature.com)
  • Does cytokinin inhibit auxin? (answerlib.org)
  • At higher concentrations of both hormones, these antagonistic interactions between cytokinin and auxin are absent. (answerlib.org)
  • Besides auxin, cytokinin (CK) is also involved in root organogenesis. (answerlib.org)
  • The mathematical model was extended with rules for discontinuous cell dynamics so that cell divisions were also governed by auxin, and by another morphogen Division Factor which combines the actions of cytokinin and ethylene on cell division in the root. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2013). Callus initiates pursuing damage or by the use of high degrees of the vegetable hormones auxin and cytokinin. (cancercurehere.com)
  • It may also be used in the plant tissue culture to increase the adsorption of auxin and cytokinin from the culture media. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The auxin responsive AP2/ERF transcription factor CROWN ROOTLESS5 is involved in crown root initiation in rice through the induction of OsRR1, a type-A response regulator of cytokinin signaling , 2011, Plant J. (github.io)
  • Cytokinins are classic hormones that orchestrate plant growth and development and the integrity of stem cell populations. (rcsb.org)
  • Seaweed is chock-full of important hormones that are essential to plant health like auxins, cytokinins, betaines, and gibbelerins. (panamin.bg)
  • The main hormones in seaweed are auxins, cytokinins, betaines and gibbelerins. (panamin.bg)
  • Cytokinins are another group of important plant hormones. (panamin.bg)
  • Subsequently, we have discussed the crosstalk among them, followed by crosstalk with growth promoting hormones (gibberellins, auxins and cytokinins). (beds.ac.uk)
  • Cytokinins are essential plant hormones. (answerlib.org)
  • Just an additon to the above, most seeds when in the stages of germination activate low levels of Auxins and Cytokinin , so why would you want to pump more of these hormones into a devoloping seedling. (rosehybridizers.org)
  • Researchers led by Prof. Zhang Jinsong from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (IGDB) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences recently reported that the GmJAZ3-GmRR18a-GmMYC2a-GmCKXs module regulates seed-related traits through the crosstalk between cytokinin and jasmonate (JA) signaling in soybean. (phys.org)
  • Cytokinin regulates yield in crop plants, which is an extremely important trait. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Finally, cytokinin regulates responses to stress. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Cytokinins also play an active role in preventing aging and senescence in plant cells. (uab.cat)
  • Cytokinins also retard the senescence (aging processes) in the plant. (panamin.bg)
  • Stimulates cell division, shoot growth, delays leaf senescence and activates dormant buds. (agpluscoop.com)
  • They are also involved in many processes of growth and development, such as nodulation, and interact with the other families of phytohormones, such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene and abscisic acid, to modulate the plant's growth habits and patterns. (omexcanada.com)
  • A flower‐specific Myb protein activates transcription of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes. (google.fr)
  • We investigate the genes regulating biosynthesis and metabolism of cytokinin, cytokinin signal perception and signal transduction primarily in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana . (fu-berlin.de)
  • Some of our research questions are: Which developmental processes are under control of cytokinin, and which genes are involved? (fu-berlin.de)
  • What are the individual functions of cytokinin-related genes? (fu-berlin.de)
  • Which genes are activated by the hormone? (fu-berlin.de)
  • We are studying the use of cytokinin genes to engineer plants with improved traits in oilseed rape, barley, and poplar. (fu-berlin.de)
  • But Professor Hwang's team discovered that ARR2, a cytokinin-activated transcription factor, activates the resistance response to pathogens of bacteria or mold by controlling the manifestation of genes that are connected to disease resistance. (postech.ac.kr)
  • The activated Ca 2+ sensors can either bind to cis -elements in the promoters of major stress-responsive genes or can interact with DNA-binding proteins controlling these genes, thereby, resulting in their activation or suppression. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, elevated Ca 2+ levels can activate calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CCaMKs) or phosphatases that in turn can phosphorylate/dephosphorylate specific transcription factors, thus, regulating expression levels of stress-responsive genes [ 2 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
  • The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade by H 2 O 2 and subsequent upregulation of specific stress-related genes in Arabidopsis is a perfect example of ROS-mediated stress-response [ 5 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
  • CROWN ROOTLESS1 binds DNA with a relaxed specificity and activates OsROP and OsbHLH044 genes involved in crown root formation in rice. (github.io)
  • Therefore, these results demonstrate that LsARF3 could promote lettuce bolting in response to the high temperature by directly or indirectly activating the expression of floral genes such as LsCO, which provides new insights into lettuce bolting in the context of ARFs signaling and heat response. (frontiersin.org)
  • Floral inducers including FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), FD, SUPPRESSOR OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1), and LFEAY (LFY) activate the transcription of the majority of genes floral genes, promoting Arabidopsis bolting and flowering ( Johansson and Staiger, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Dominate combines the power of Cytokinin (Kinetin), Gibberellic Acid (GA) and Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) at the right ratio and right concentration to enhance the overall health and growth of the crop. (agpluscoop.com)
  • Soft nodal stem segments were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with desired concentrations plant growth regulator such as cytokinins (BAP/Kinetin) and different antioxidants. (ijcmas.com)
  • Known as signaling phytohormones, they control pathways that allow plants to trigger defense responses against pathogens and pests and activate mechanisms of tolerance to abiotic stress. (omexcanada.com)
  • The Fas proteins synthesize, modify, and activate a mixture of growth regulating cytokinins, which cause a hormonal imbalance in plants, resulting in abnormal growth. (usda.gov)
  • Cytokinin is a negative regulator of root growth and promotes the secondary growth of trees. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Recently, Ph.D. candidate Jaemyung Choi and Professor Ildoo Hwang at the Department of Life Sciences of POSTECH, in collaboration with Professor Kyung Hee Paek at Korea University, has devised a way to increase the plant biomass production by investigation of an important plant growth hormone called cytokinin. (postech.ac.kr)
  • In other words, the activation of immune functions by a growth hormone, cytokinin, may lead to a great increase of plant biomass together. (postech.ac.kr)
  • They initiate and activate basic growth processes. (panamin.bg)
  • The cytokinins available in liquid seaweed extract stimulate growth with greater vigour because they mobilize nutrients in the leaves. (panamin.bg)
  • Does cytokinin inhibit root growth? (answerlib.org)
  • How does cytokinin regulate growth? (answerlib.org)
  • What do cytokinins do for growth? (answerlib.org)
  • Does cytokinins affect plant growth? (answerlib.org)
  • To date, in spite of the commercial application of cytokinins to induce larger fruits, no detailed studies have addressed the question of how cytokinin signalling and cell division regulate fruit growth under field conditions. (agri.gov.il)
  • activated charcoal, ascorbic acid, citric acid and polyvinylpyrollidone were used to control the accumulation of phenolic compounds in the culture medium and enhance the rate of micropropagation. (ijcmas.com)
  • Oral activated charcoal may be also used for adsorption of theophylline, hence can be effectively used in patients with theophylline poisoning. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Activated charcoal or activated carbon is an adsorbent used to remove broad spectrum of pollutants in air, water and soil, and is non-toxic in nature. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • What are the cellular responses to cytokinin? (fu-berlin.de)
  • Aphid (Myzus persicae) feeding on the parasitic plant dodder (Cuscuta australis) activates defense responses in both the parasite and soybean host. (mpg.de)
  • Crystal structures of the Arabidopsis thaliana histidine kinase 4 sensor domain in complex with different cytokinin ligands now rationalize the hormone-binding specificity of the receptor and may spur the design of new cytokinin ligands. (rcsb.org)
  • Hypersensitivity to cytokinin causes stem cell overproliferation and major rearrangements of Bif3 inflorescence meristems, leading to the formation of ball-shaped ears and severely affecting productivity. (nature.com)
  • Cytokinins are known to be involved in multiple developmental processes, including rhizogenesis (Haberer and Kieber, 2002). (answerlib.org)
  • The synthetic cytokinin CPPU increases fruit size and yield of 'Spadona' and 'Costia' pear (Pyrus communis L. (agri.gov.il)
  • Bio-Activate is an organic liquid seaweed extract derived from microbial cultures and kelp (Ascophyllum nodosum). (arbico-organics.com)
  • How are these cytokinin activities linked to other cellular signaling pathways? (fu-berlin.de)
  • The mechanism of stress-response in plants is highly intricate and requires several integrated pathways to be activated in response to external stresses. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Cytokinin receptors are eukaryotic sensor histidine kinases that are activated by both naturally occurring adenine-type cytokinins and urea-based synthetic compounds. (rcsb.org)
  • Application of both synthetic cytokinins on 10 mm-sized fruitlets had no effect on the size or number of stone cells during fruit development. (agri.gov.il)
  • In the CZ, WUS activates the CLV3 gene, encoding a short signaling peptide perceived by a series of leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-receptor-like complexes, among which are complexes containing CLV1 and CLV2. (nature.com)
  • Further studies showed that GmJAZ3 largely inhibited the gene expression of three cytokinin oxidase gene GmCKXs. (phys.org)
  • GmRR18a also directly activates GmMYC2a gene expression. (phys.org)
  • Overexpression of ZmWUS1-B is due to multimerized binding sites for type-B RESPONSE REGULATORs (RRs), key transcription factors in cytokinin signaling. (nature.com)
  • Sex ratio of mirid populations shifts in response to hostplant co-infestation or altered cytokinin signaling. (mpg.de)
  • abstract = "Heterocyclic compounds such as IAA or cytokinins are involved in plant regulation. (uab.cat)
  • The focus of the lab is the hormone cytokinin , which is a powerful regulator of plant development and has also functions in the defense to stress. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Cytokinins Inhibit Lateral Root Development . (answerlib.org)
  • WOX11 and CRL1 act synergistically to promote crown root development by maintaining cytokinin homeostasis in rice. (github.io)
  • These comparisons also showed that a specific cytokinin plant hormone is associated with virulence of these bacteria. (usda.gov)
  • Do cytokinins inhibit cell division? (answerlib.org)
  • The increase in parenchyma cell numbers correlated with a prolonged phase of cell division, as demonstrated by the detection of G2 nuclei using fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. (agri.gov.il)
  • A study testing the effects of Bio-Activate on wine grapes showed that it increased both the brix and acidity levels in the test plants. (arbico-organics.com)
  • In this paper we show that IAA and cytokinins are able to form excited states either in the dark in the presence of pyridoxal phosphate, H2O2 and linolenic acid or in the light in the presence of riboflavin. (uab.cat)