AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
PhenotypeMutationMolecular Sequence DataGenotypeBase SequenceAmino Acid SequenceAllelesCell DifferentiationMice, Inbred C57BLCells, CulturedMice, KnockoutPedigreeGenetic Complementation TestMice, TransgenicChromosome MappingGene DeletionSignal TransductionTranscription FactorsRNA, MessengerCell LineImmunophenotypingCrosses, GeneticGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalDisease Models, AnimalHomozygoteHeterozygoteGene ExpressionGene Expression RegulationDNA Mutational AnalysisBacterial ProteinsMembrane ProteinsCloning, MolecularGene Expression ProfilingGenetic LinkageMutation, MissenseImmunohistochemistryReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionDNA-Binding ProteinsCell DivisionGenes, DominantPolymerase Chain ReactionMutagenesis, InsertionalModels, GeneticDrosophila ProteinsDNA PrimersMutagenesisCell ProliferationSaccharomyces cerevisiaeArabidopsisFlow CytometryGenetic VariationMice, Mutant StrainsSequence Homology, Amino AcidSuppression, GeneticSequence Analysis, DNAArabidopsis ProteinsPoint MutationTranscription, GeneticGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenes, LethalModels, BiologicalCell Transformation, NeoplasticFibroblastsHomeodomain ProteinsPolymorphism, Single NucleotideNuclear ProteinsBlotting, WesternEscherichia coliCell Line, TumorTransfectionPlasmidsGenes, BacterialCell MovementTime FactorsDrosophila melanogasterGenes, RecessiveDrosophilaOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisCarrier ProteinsSyndromeSequence DeletionGene Expression Regulation, PlantPolymorphism, GeneticAbnormalities, MultipleSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsAnimals, Genetically ModifiedPromoter Regions, GeneticGenetic Association StudiesGenes, FungalGene Expression Regulation, BacterialExonsVirulenceFungal ProteinsRNA InterferenceRepressor ProteinsGenetic MarkersMice, Inbred BALB CSequence AlignmentApoptosisSpecies Specificity
Mitogen-activaMacrophagesAntibodiesTumorVitroInflammatoryMutationsGenesExtracellular matrixPancreatic stellate cellsFibroblastMalignantMAPKCancerExhibitSubsetsOncogenicReceptorCytokineGenotypeHeterogeneityMicrogliaPathwaysTyrosineInflammationAdaptiveCellsExpressionDistinctLymphocytesAggressiveHumanCellTreatment
Mitogen-activa5
  • Enables mitogen-activated protein kinase binding activity. (nih.gov)
  • Here we report a role for the phylogenetically ancient mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in mouse sex determination. (plos.org)
  • The byg mutation is an A to T transversion causing a premature stop codon in the gene encoding MAP3K4 (also known as MEKK4), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase. (plos.org)
  • This mutant, which we called boygirl ( byg ), was shown to contain an early stop codon that disrupts the autosomal gene encoding MAP3K4, a component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. (plos.org)
  • SP600125 inhibited interleukin-1β-induced JNK activity and activator protein-1 activation, but it did not affect the activation of extracellular-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor-κB. (aspetjournals.org)
Macrophages13
  • PnV increased the number of macrophages in the tumor, while did not increase in the spleen, suggesting that PnV-activated macrophages were led preferentially to the tumor. (nature.com)
  • Spleen and in vitro PnV-activated macrophages were different of M1, since they did not produce pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. (nature.com)
  • The venom was effective at impairing tumor development in murine xenogeneic model, activating the innate immune response and increasing tumor infiltrating macrophages. (nature.com)
  • In addition, PnV activated macrophages in vitro for a different profile of M1. (nature.com)
  • These activated PnV-macrophages have potential to fight the tumor without promoting tumorigenesis. (nature.com)
  • activated PnV-macrophages have a profile different of M1 and have a potential to fight the tumor without promote tumorigenesis. (nature.com)
  • The present in vitro research work studied the interactions between expanded Tregs and activated monocytes and macrophages, and the ability of immunomodulatory drugs and other Treg-enhancing therapies to increase Treg anti-inflammatory function and suppress the pro-inflammatory function of the M1 phenotype of activated monocytes and macrophages. (businesswire.com)
  • M1 activated monocytes and macrophages reduce Treg viability and upregulate apoptosis markers. (businesswire.com)
  • Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
  • 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate exposure induces expression of alternatively activated macrophage-associated markers and chemokines partially through Krüppel-like factor 4 mediated signaling in macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • Alveolar macrophages with alternatively activated (M2) phenotype have been implicated in allergic airway responses and the pathogenesis of asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages can directly permeate into the central nervous system (CNS) to produce an inflammatory response. (spandidos-publications.com)
Antibodies4
  • Treatment also improved the angiogenic balance and proteinuria in the transgenic model, and it reduced angiotensin receptor activating antibodies in both. (jci.org)
  • Among aPL, anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies (anti-beta2-GPI) have been shown to induce NF-kappaB nuclear translocation leading to a pro-inflammatory endothelial cell phenotype and thereby inducing acute phase proteins, such as serum amyloid A (SAA). (europa.eu)
  • The objective of t his proposal is to understand the role of anti-beta2-GPI antibodies and SAA in activating pro-thrombotic inflammatory responses in the endothelium and to determine the inhibitory effects by which LXA4 could counteract these molecular signaling pathways. (europa.eu)
  • For example, you have a cancer cell, and you want antibodies that can kill the cancer cell or activate a certain immune cell or so on, and then you develop the antibodies based on this. (lu.se)
Tumor3
  • Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs (HAPs) are prodrugs that target regions of tumor hypoxia within tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This expression was dependent on activation of either NF-κB, JAK1/JAK2 or BTK pathways since these pathways were activated in tumor B-cells and ex vivo treatment with the inhibitory molecules PHA-408, ruxolitinib and ibrutinib led to decrease of its expression. (springer.com)
  • Previously I have determined that Rpl22 functions as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in a mouse T-cell lymphoma model by activating NFB and its target Lin28B 3. (dtic.mil)
Vitro3
  • Consequently, our in vitro study revealed the possible roles of GCAFs in the malignant phenotype and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) drug resistance in gastric cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, drugs elevating Ca 2+ levels correct the NPC1 phenotype in vitro , reduce neurological disturbances, and prolong survival in a mouse model of NPC1 disease. (jneurosci.org)
  • In vitro data demonstrate that these autoantibodies activate normal human polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes. (medscape.com)
Inflammatory4
  • Immunomodulatory drugs known to suppress the M1 phenotype significantly decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines involved in tissue damage. (businesswire.com)
  • Several studies previously revealed that cognitive dysfunction is associated with microglial activation and hypoxic-ischemic injury, which then activates the inflammatory response in the hippocampus ( 4 , 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Likewise, an ivacaftor-mediated augmentation of MI-associated pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype characterized by higher CD80-positivity is observed in the MI lung. (lu.se)
  • [ 3 ] IgG autoantibodies specific for anchoring fibrils (type VII collagen) of the skin basement membrane have a heterogeneous subclass and light-chain composition, and their complement-activating capacities do not correlate with the inflammatory phenotype. (medscape.com)
Mutations6
  • Hypoxia also contributes to the invasive and metastatic phenotypes of aggressive cancers by promoting genetic instability and accelerating the accumulation of mutations that can ultimately give rise to drug resistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mutations also result in interesting variety including white animals and white spotting phenotypes. (creation.com)
  • Some of the stronger mutations cause a dominant white phenotype which is lethal in the homozygous condition. (creation.com)
  • Activating (gain-of-function) mutations, which are generally somatic and not heritable, have been associated with progression in certain cancers. (creation.com)
  • Mutations in recombination activating gene 1-2 ( RAG1 or RAG2 ) represent a T-B-NK+ SCID phenotype. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)
Genes5
  • thus, resistance genes may be latent under certain conditions, only to be activated in others. (cdc.gov)
  • Movement of these genes from 1 organism to another or an increase in their expression, for example, can trigger a resistance phenotype ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Wnts are a family of genes that have been implicated in many human tumours, so far mainly studied in colorectal cancer where activated Wnt signalling occurs in a vast majority of tumours. (lu.se)
  • The genome-wide search for disease-causing variations in the SH2 domains revealed eight genes: Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), SH2 domain-containing protein 1A (SH2D1A), Ras GTPase activating protein (RasGAP), tyrosine protein kinase Zap-70, SHP-2, the p85α subunit of the PIP3 kinase (PI3-K), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1α/β (STAT1) and STAT5B. (lu.se)
  • Variations in these genes cause nine distinct clinical phenotypes. (lu.se)
Extracellular matrix1
  • In response to pancreatic injury and in cell culture, pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are transformed ("activated") into highly proliferative myofibroblast-like cells that express α-smooth muscle actin and produce extracellular matrix components. (aspetjournals.org)
Pancreatic stellate cells1
  • Similar to pancreatic stellate cells, CAFs exhibit quiescent and activated phenotypes, and different states contribute diversely to malignant behaviors. (biomedcentral.com)
Fibroblast1
  • Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that activated gastric CAFs identified via fibroblast activation protein were significantly related to poorer cumulative survival in gastric cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Malignant4
  • The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlations between activated gastric CAFs and the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer, and to determine the effects of activated CAFs on the malignant phenotype and 5-fluorouracil resistance in this cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activated gastric CAFs correlate with a poor prognosis of cancer patients and may contribute to the malignant phenotype and the development of resistance to 5-fluorouracil via paracrine action in gastric cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because of the easily contaminated property of gastric samples and the limitations of primary culture, the functions of gastric CAFs (GCAFs) with specific phenotypes in malignant progression of gastric cancer are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Restitution of Wnt-5a signalling in breast tumour cells confer better adhesion and ability to activate DDR1 as well as a less malignant-looking phenotype. (lu.se)
MAPK2
  • and regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, we describe experiments showing the presence of activated MKK4, a direct target of MAP3K4, and activated p38 in the coelomic region of the XY gonad at 11.5 d post coitum, establishing a link between MAPK signalling in proliferating gonadal somatic cells and regulation of Sry expression. (plos.org)
Cancer3
  • However, the behaviors of activated CAFs in gastric cancer remain to be determined. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Through simulations, Chifman and her collaborators found that overexpression of Ras, a central species in the oncogenic pathway, led to a cancer phenotype in the iron homeostasis pathway. (american.edu)
  • These pro- has been implicated as contributing apoptosis, inflammation, and several liferating cel s replace dead cel s to the cancer phenotype, through pleiotropic responses. (who.int)
Exhibit3
  • Therefore, we demonstrated that the T and B cells can be activated normally and exhibit functional features. (medrxiv.org)
  • Recently we also found that Rpl22 knockout mice exhibit an MDS-like phenotype associated with anemia and abnormal bone marrow BM hematopoiesis. (dtic.mil)
  • This role is partly mediated by CSS patients' T cells, which predominantly exhibit an activated Th2 phenotype, resulting in the secretion of high levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and IL-5. (medscape.com)
Subsets2
  • Owing to the prognostic value of B-CLL ZAP-70 expression, this phenotype may reflect intrinsic biological differences between the two subsets of disease. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Single-cell multi-omics are powerful tools in understanding cell subsets/phenotypes. (stanford.edu)
Oncogenic1
Receptor6
  • The presence of neurotransmitter receptors in microglia illustrates their functional connection to neurons and this receptor activation could cause microglial cells to perform different activation phenotypes ( Pocock and Kettenmann, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Recent studies have identified the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) as a regulator of mitochondrial function in tissues specialized for thermogenesis, such as brown adipose. (jci.org)
  • This gene encodes a metabotropic glutamate receptor that functions by activating phospholipase C. L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. (nih.gov)
  • Expanded natural killer cells killed both allogeneic and autologous primary myeloma cells avidly via a perforin-mediated mechanism in which the activating receptor NKG2D, natural cytotoxicity receptors, and DNAX-accessory molecule-1 played a central role. (haematologica.org)
  • Expression of protease activated receptor 3 (PAR3) is upregulated by induction of megakaryocyte phenotype in human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells. (ny.gov)
  • Consequently, despite their CD4 phenotype and their ability to be activated, to express the IL-2 receptor, and to enter into the cell cycle, they do not act as T helper cells under conditions where CD4 + /CD57 - cells normally do so. (lu.se)
Cytokine1
  • The combination of LD IL-2/CTLA4-Ig significantly decreased the M1 phenotype and cytokine production and maintained Treg viability. (businesswire.com)
Genotype2
Heterogeneity2
  • This suggests both a second pathway by which TAS2Rs relax, and, a heterogeneity of the response phenotype. (jefferson.edu)
  • We find that heterogeneity in the inhibitory response hinges on which procontractile GPCR is activated. (jefferson.edu)
Microglia3
  • Microglia may be divided into four main states or phenotypes. (frontiersin.org)
  • After the inflammation fades away, microglia shift into the alternative activated M2 phenotypes that play a role in neuroprotection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Similarly, ivacaftor therapy mitigates MI-associated neuroinflammation (i.e., reduces higher proportions of activated microglia). (lu.se)
Pathways1
  • In human breast epithelial cells Wnt-5a activates the canonical b-catenin pathway as well as the non-canonical Ca2+/calmodulin and planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways. (lu.se)
Tyrosine1
  • These results highlight the interest of therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in activated lymphomas with PD-L1 expression, with possible synergies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. (springer.com)
Inflammation1
  • Activated PSCs are implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrosis and inflammation. (aspetjournals.org)
Adaptive1
  • Here we collected the blood samples from 18 healthy donors (HD) and 38 COVID-19 patients to analyze changes in the adaptive immune cell populations and phenotypes. (medrxiv.org)
Cells4
  • We found decreased expression of CD43 on the neutrophils of these patients, and we correlated this finding with the activation status of these cells as it is denned by their phenotypes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Selection of edited cell clones currently relies on limiting dilution or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-based single-cell sorting to isolate single cells. (nature.com)
  • aPL activate endothelial cells (ECs) by up-regulating adhesion molecules, IL-6 production and modulating prostaglandin metabolism. (europa.eu)
  • Immunization of type VII collagen in athymic nude SJL mice did not induce an autoimmune response, whereas the repletion of T cells from type VII collagen-immunized wild-type mice to the thymic mice showed autoantibody production and resulted in a blistering disease phenotype, supporting the role of T cells in the induction of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. (medscape.com)
Expression2
  • Expression of one copy of wild type Gap1 under control of the sev enhancer/ promoter cassette ( sevGap1 ) rescues the complete loss-of-function eye phenotype, while creating no phenotypic defects when placed in a wild type background containing two copies of the endogenous Gap1 gene. (sdbonline.org)
  • By contrast, high levels of Gap1 expression under sev enhancer/promoter control using amplification by the UAS/GAL4 system in an otherwise wild type background results in a rough eye phenotype due to loss of photoreceptors (Rørth, 1996). (sdbonline.org)
Distinct1
  • Distinct profiles predict the essential thrombocythemic phenotype. (ny.gov)
Lymphocytes1
  • Our data demonstrate that ZAP-70 is expressed in a subpopulation of tonsillar and splenic normal B-lymphocytes that express an activated phenotype. (elsevierpure.com)
Aggressive1
  • NF-κB constitutive activation is found either in aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) with an activated phenotype (ABC-DLBCL), or in indolent B-cell lymphomas such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (MZL) [ 4 ]. (springer.com)
Human1
  • In this study, we investigated the clinicopathological correlations of activated GCAFs and successfully identified three strains of activated GCAFs from human gastric tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell1
  • Cell co-culture and gastric CAF conditioned medium transfer models were established to investigate the paracrine effects of activated CAFs on the migration and invasion of gastric cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
Treatment1
  • siRNA treatment ameliorated the preeclamptic phenotype in both models, reduced blood pressure, and improved intrauterine growth restriction, with no observed deleterious effects on the fetus. (jci.org)