• Local anesthetics produce anesthesia by inhibiting excitation of nerve endings or by blocking conduction in peripheral nerves. (medscape.com)
  • It is intended for the induction of general anesthesia by intravenous injection. (nih.gov)
  • Intravenous injection of etomidate produces anesthesia characterized by a rapid onset of action, usually within one minute. (nih.gov)
  • Immediate recovery from anesthesia (as assessed by awakening time, time needed to follow simple commands and time to perform simple tests after anesthesia as well as they were performed before anesthesia), based upon data derived from short operative procedures where intravenous etomidate was used for both induction and maintenance of anesthesia, is about as rapid as, or slightly faster than, immediate recovery after similar use of thiopental. (nih.gov)
  • These same data revealed that the immediate recovery period will usually be shortened in adult patients by the intravenous administration of approximately 0.1 mg of intravenous fentanyl, one or two minutes before induction of anesthesia, probably because less etomidate is generally required under these circumstances (consult the package insert for fentanyl before using). (nih.gov)
  • An intravenous anesthetic that has been used for rapid induction of anesthesia and for maintenance of anesthesia of short duration. (reference.md)
  • The conventional dose of remifentanil combined with dexmedetomidine anesthesia has a good anesthetic effect in clinical applications, but at the same time, drug-related side effects are strong, and even excessive sedation of patients occurs, which is not conducive to patient safety [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • General anesthetic, local infiltration anesthesia, and brachial plexus block are the most used anesthetic procedures for finger replantation at the moment. (hindawi.com)
  • General anesthesia can address the need for a longer operation duration for severed finger replantation while also providing a superior anesthetic effect. (hindawi.com)
  • In comparison to general anesthesia, brachial plexus block is easier to administer, requires less anesthetic medication, has a minimal effect on the entire body, maintains stable circulation, and provides prolonged postoperative analgesia compared to local infiltration anesthesia, and the analgesic effect and intraoperative treatment are superior. (hindawi.com)
  • DIPRIVAN is an intravenous general anesthetic and sedation drug for use in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia or sedation. (guidelinecentral.com)
  • Intravenous injection of a therapeutic dose of propofol induces anesthesia, with minimal excitation, usually within 40 seconds from the start of injection (the time for one arm-brain circulation). (guidelinecentral.com)
  • As with other rapidly acting intravenous anesthetic agents, the half-time of the blood-brain equilibration is approximately 1 minute to 3 minutes, accounting for the rate of induction of anesthesia. (guidelinecentral.com)
  • Comparative clinical studies have shown that the hemodynamic effects of DIPRIVAN during induction of anesthesia are generally more pronounced than with other intravenous (IV) induction agents. (guidelinecentral.com)
  • The onset of action with bupivacaine is rapid and anesthesia is long lasting. (nih.gov)
  • The duration of anesthesia is significantly longer with bupivacaine than with any other commonly used local anesthetic. (nih.gov)
  • Sevoflurane is a commonly used general anesthetic, which has been widely used in the anesthesia of infants and young children ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • There is increasing evidence that direct interactions between volatile anesthetics and channel proteins may result in general anesthesia. (silverchair.com)
  • Recent evidence is in favor of direct interactions between volatile anesthetics and channel proteins as the underlying mechanism of general anesthesia. (silverchair.com)
  • 2 Early investigations into its intravenous use began in the 1950s with case reports suggesting an impressive effect on improving postoperative pain 3 and the depth of anesthesia. (asra.com)
  • Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract. (lookformedical.com)
  • A variety of anesthetic methods such as EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA used to control the pain of childbirth. (lookformedical.com)
  • Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. (lookformedical.com)
  • Ketamine can be used for induction of anesthesia prior other general anesthetic agents and as a supplement of low potency agents. (pharmfair.com)
  • Propofol Injection, also known by the brand name "Diprivan," is an intravenous anesthetic agent used to induce and maintain anesthesia during surgeries and medical procedures. (damsonpharma.com)
  • Background: Intravenous balanced anesthesia (IVA) is desirable during the evacuation of retained products of conception (ERPC) to avoid the use of inhalational anesthetics agents that may cause uterus relaxation, the possibility of bleeding, and the risk of uterus perforation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Injections into animals have produced localized irritation of tissue surrounding injection sites and some thickening of veins after intravenous use. (pharmacycode.com)
  • The sequence of events leading to humane, painless, and rapid euthanasia following intravenous injection of EUTHASOL Euthanasia Solution is similar to that following intravenous injection of pentobarbital sodium, or other barbituric acid derivatives. (chemicalstoday.com)
  • Intravenous injection is preferred. (chemicalstoday.com)
  • Intracardiac injection may be made when intravenous injection is impractical, as in a very small dog, or a comatose dog with impaired vascular functions. (chemicalstoday.com)
  • For intravenous injection, a needle of sufficient gauge to ensure intravenous placement of the entire dose should be used. (chemicalstoday.com)
  • Lidocaine for pain control, administered by intravenous (IV) injection, has been studied in various settings, including the operating room for management of perioperative pain (5) and outpatient clinics for treatment of neuropathic pain. (mayo.edu)
  • A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent. (lookformedical.com)
  • Injection of an anesthetic into the nerves to inhibit nerve transmission in a specific part of the body. (lookformedical.com)
  • Process of administering an anesthetic through injection directly into the bloodstream. (lookformedical.com)
  • When used by intravenous or intramuscular injection, Calypsol is best suited for short procedures. (pillintrip.com)
  • For intravenous infusion, intravenous injection or intramuscular injection. (pillintrip.com)
  • Propofol Injection is administered directly into a vein through an intravenous (IV) line. (damsonpharma.com)
  • With EEG recordings as a measure of anesthetic sensitivity, we compare the signals during wakefulness with those following intravenous anesthetic injection. (upenn.edu)
  • Injection at this location allows for tracking of the local anesthetic down the prevertebral fascia to the stellate ganglion below. (medscape.com)
  • IV sedation - Intravenous injection of drugs like midazolam induces a deeper sedation while monitoring vital signs. (cdhp.org)
  • Etomidate is a general anesthetic drug without analgesic activity. (nih.gov)
  • Lidocaine is a local anesthetic agent of the amide type that has been described as containing analgesic (1), anti-hyperalgesic (2) and anti-inflammatory properties (3,4). (mayo.edu)
  • We found that the value of intravenous lidocaine as an analgesic modality and option for pain relief in the ED is promising , but yet to be determined. (mayo.edu)
  • Further, these additional sites are typically found along pain pathways in the central nervous system (CNS) or in the dorsal root ganglion and may explain why systemic IV lidocaine has analgesic benefits through peripheral and central sites of action. (asra.com)
  • Intravenous (IV) Lidocaine: dose/total wt. (medicine-handbook.com)
  • Intravenous Lidocaine for pain in the ED: what the evidence shows? (mayo.edu)
  • In summary, this systematic review found limited evidence to support the efficacy and safety of IV lidocaine as a single agent and/or as an adjunct to other parenteral analgesics for short-term pain relief in the ED. Intravenous lidocaine may be effective for conditions like visceral, neuropathic and ischemic pain. (mayo.edu)
  • Although promising, the current body of evidence is limited and intravenous lidocaine for pain management needs further well-designed studies to determine its safety and efficacy before the routine use for analgesia in the ED. (mayo.edu)
  • Lauretti GR. Mechanisms of analgesia of intravenous lidocaine. (mayo.edu)
  • Koppert W, Ostermeier N, Sittl R, Weidner C, Schmelz M. Low-dose lidocaine reduces secondary hyperalgesia by a central mode of action. (mayo.edu)
  • As we now know, intravenous (IV) lidocaine is used widely, predominately in the perioperative setting in gastrointestinal surgeries and as an outpatient chronic pain intervention. (asra.com)
  • Local infiltration anesthetic, on the other hand, is not suited for long-term hand surgery since it cannot break during the procedure and alleviate the tourniquet discomfort. (hindawi.com)
  • The infiltration of local anesthetic has been used to treat a variety of disorders, but it is primarily performed in the setting of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. (medscape.com)
  • In a randomized study, each side of the mandible was subjected to an anesthetic infiltration with only one 1.8 mL tube in two different moments with a minimum interval of 7 days (for one moment with AwV and another AoV moment). (bvsalud.org)
  • The mechanism of action, like all general anesthetics, is poorly understood. (guidelinecentral.com)
  • Though it is widely used, its mechanism of action is still unknown[FDA Label][A14585,A176642,A176651,L5843]. (drugbank.com)
  • The mechanism of action behind its anesthetic properties is unclear. (herbsdelic.com)
  • NMDA Receptor Modulation: Ketamine's unique mechanism of action, specifically targeting NMDA receptors, distinguishes it from traditional analgesics, making it a valuable option for neuropathic pain that may be unresponsive to other medications. (distincthealthfirst.com)
  • My project investigates the mechanism of action of the anesthetic, dexmedetomidine. (upenn.edu)
  • Also, the dentist frequently does not know the mechanism of action of these drugs and their interactions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Site-directed mutagenesis of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A ) receptor β 2 subunit has demonstrated that conversion of a conserved glycine residue located at the entrance to the first transmembrane domain into the homologous ρ 1 residue phenylalanine alters the modulating effects of four different i.v. anesthetics: pentobarbital, alphaxalone, etomidate, and propofol. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Propofol, midazolam, and etomidate are the most common intravenous anesthetics used in clinical applications today. (protheragen.com)
  • DIPRIVAN ® (propofol) injectable emulsion, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic emulsion containing 10 mg/mL of propofol suitable for intravenous administration. (guidelinecentral.com)
  • However, propofol is thought to produce its sedative/anesthetic effects by the positive modulation of the inhibitory function of the neurotransmitter GABA through the ligand-gated GABA A receptors. (guidelinecentral.com)
  • Anesthetic agents such as propofol have sedative and hypnotic effects that are used for induction. (medscape.com)
  • The intravenous administration of up to 0.6 mg/kg of etomidate to patients with severe cardiovascular disease has little or no effect on myocardial metabolism, cardiac output, peripheral circulation or pulmonary circulation. (nih.gov)
  • Clinical experience and special studies to date suggest that standard doses of intravenous etomidate ordinarily neither elevate plasma histamine nor cause signs of histamine release. (nih.gov)
  • Etomidate is a suitable anesthetic for the elderly and critically ill patients, showing no or little effects on circulation and respiratory system. (protheragen.com)
  • Like many anesthetics, etomidate is known to potentiate GABA(A) receptors, but little is known about the effects on sensory processing at the systems level. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Etomidate is an ultrashort-acting nonbarbiturate intravenous anesthetic, which inhibits the spontaneous activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells through activation of GABAA and glycine receptors in vivo in mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • This results in chloride influx, hyperpolarization, and decreased ability of the neuron to reach an action potential, producing sedation and anxiolysis. (medscape.com)
  • It is given through continuous intravenous infusion for sedation of intubated and mechanically ventilated patients. (medscape.com)
  • The inhaled anaesthetic agents are, at the moment, an alternative to intravenous drugs for sedation in these patients. (longdom.org)
  • The Anesthetic Conserving Device (AnaConDa®) facilitates the use of volatile anesthetics in critical care units as part of prolonged sedation. (longdom.org)
  • An intravenous loading dose of ketofol or fentafol was given slowly, with doses ranging from 1ml to 2ml/10kg, to reach level 5 or 6 of the Ramsay Scale of Sedation (RSS), followed by small incremental doses which were given when RSS dropped to 4. (bvsalud.org)
  • Ketamine may be administered by a number of routes including intramuscular, intravenous, intrathecal, and oral. (herbsdelic.com)
  • It is approved for INTRAVENOUS, INTRAMUSCULAR use. (pharmfair.com)
  • At clinically relevant concentrations, all general anesthetics except ketamine enhance GABA A receptor function in a reversible and stereospecific manner ( Hales and Olsen, 1994 ). (aspetjournals.org)
  • 10 Intravenous ketamine is associated with laryngospasm, perhaps because it induces salivation and saliva flowing over the vocal cords may trigger coughing and laryngospasm to prevent aspiration. (ahrq.gov)
  • Ketamine is also a horse tranquilizer and anesthetic. (herbsdelic.com)
  • Although ketamine was first used as an anesthetic, it's no longer used as such and is often abused as a hallucinogen or club drug. (herbsdelic.com)
  • However, growing interest and evidence support the use of intravenous ketamine infusions as a promising treatment option for neuropathic pain management. (distincthealthfirst.com)
  • Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic primarily used in surgical and emergency settings. (distincthealthfirst.com)
  • Intravenous ketamine infusions involve administering a controlled dose of ketamine directly into the bloodstream over a specific duration under medical supervision. (distincthealthfirst.com)
  • Using voltage-clamp techniques, the authors examined the effect of two general anesthetics (ketamine and halothane) on a rat brain potassium channel of known amino acid sequence, and further assessed whether the inhibition of the channel is altered by a partial deletion of the C-terminal sequence of this channel. (silverchair.com)
  • Use dependence of ketamine and halothane action was observed in both Kv2.1 and the mutant channel, attributable to augmentation of C-type inactivation. (silverchair.com)
  • Although both ketamine and halothane inhibit potassium currents through the Kv2.1 channel, their mechanisms of action at this potential target may be different. (silverchair.com)
  • Anesthetics, intravenous: ketamine. (silverchair.com)
  • Ketamine is an NMDA receptor antagonist with a potent anesthetic effect. (pharmfair.com)
  • Ketamine is indicated as an anesthetic agent for recommended diagnostic and surgical procedures. (pharmfair.com)
  • Anesthetics, volatile: halothane. (silverchair.com)
  • The combination of therapeutic doses of intravenous dantrolene sodium and verapamil in halothane/ a -chloralose anesthetized swine has resulted in ventricular fibrillation and cardiovascular collapse in association with marked hyperkalemia. (druglib.com)
  • The bispectral index score (BIS) has been used as an indicator of a sedative state and is related to anesthetic agents and noxious stimulus. (protheragen.com)
  • The pharmacokinetics were described using a one-compartment intravenous infusion model, and ventilatory depression was modelled using the inhibitory E(max) model. (asahq.org)
  • With additional doses, or by intravenous infusion, Calypsol can be used for longer procedures. (pillintrip.com)
  • Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space. (lookformedical.com)
  • LK-396 has a high therapeutic index, thus it is a safe anesthetic product with huge market potential. (protheragen.com)
  • Local anesthetics and the inflammatory response: a new therapeutic indication? (mayo.edu)
  • Using the baculovirus expression system in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells, anesthetic-induced enhancement of [ 3 H]muscimol and [ 3 H]flunitrazepam binding in receptors containing the β 2 (G219F) point mutation displayed a significantly reduced efficacy in modulation by all four i.v. anesthetics tested. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Conversely, the homologous point mutation in ρ 1 receptors (F261G) changed the i.v. anesthetic-insensitive receptor to confer anesthetic modulation of [ 3 H]muscimol binding. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Menthol has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The rate of systemic absorption of local anesthetics is dependent upon the total dose and concentration of drug administered, the route of administration, the vascularity of the administration site, and the presence or absence of epinephrine in the anesthetic solution. (nih.gov)
  • Administration of intravenous mannitol (in a bolus dose of 0.5-1 g/kg or 50-100 g) is recommended to treat intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure. (medscape.com)
  • Thiopental: highly lipophilic-use higher absolute dose-expect longer duration of action. (medicine-handbook.com)
  • A dilute concentration of epinephrine (1:200,000 or 5 mcg/mL) usually reduces the rate of absorption and peak plasma concentration of bupivacaine, permitting the use of moderately larger total doses and sometimes prolonging the duration of action. (nih.gov)
  • As with other intravenous induction agents, reduction in cerebral oxygen utilization is roughly proportional to the reduction in cerebral blood flow. (nih.gov)
  • Mupirocin, formerly termed pseudomonic acid A, is a novel antibacterial agent with a unique chemical structure and mode of action apart from other antibiotic agents. (drugbank.com)
  • In selected humans, it has been postulated that "triggering agents" (e.g.,general anesthetics and depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents) produce a change within the cell which results in an elevated myoplasmic calcium. (druglib.com)
  • Previous studies showed that absence of norepinephrine alone was sufficient for increased sensitivity to volatile anesthetics. (upenn.edu)
  • Compared with other modes of administration, intravenous medications generally have a quick onset, have a predictable drug absorption, and are titratable. (medscape.com)
  • Systemic absorption of local anesthetics produces effects on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems (CNS). (nih.gov)
  • Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord. (lookformedical.com)
  • Local anesthetics block the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. (nih.gov)
  • When the influx of sodium is interrupted, an [[action potential]] cannot arise and signal conduction is inhibited. (wikidoc.org)
  • Local anesthetics block conduction in the following order: small myelinated axons (e.g. those carrying nociceptive impulses), non-myelinated axons, then large myelinated axons. (wikidoc.org)
  • Consistent with the binding, functional analysis of pentobarbital-enhanced GABA currents recorded with whole-cell patch clamp demonstrated the β 2 (G219F) subunit mutation eliminated the potentiating effect of the anesthetic. (aspetjournals.org)
  • These results suggest that the first transmembrane glycine residue on the β 2 subunit may be important for conformational or allosteric interactions of channel gating by both GABA and anesthetics. (aspetjournals.org)
  • These findings suggest that the depressant behavioral effects of anesthetics are closely related to their actions on GABA A receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
  • To date, the body of evidence identifying structural determinants for anesthetic action on the GABA A receptor has focused solely in the TM2 and TM3 regions. (aspetjournals.org)
  • It is thought that this is due to it inhibiting the GABA receptions in the brain, creating a general anesthetic effect. (bigtnyc.com)
  • Chemical structure of the 2 classes of local anesthetics, amino esters and amino amides. (medscape.com)
  • The order of affinity of local anesthetics for different sodium channel states is open is better than inactivated, which is better than resting. (medscape.com)
  • All local anesthetics have an intermediate chain linking an amine on one end to an aromatic ring on the other. (medscape.com)
  • Two basic classes of local anesthetics exist, the amino amides and the amino esters. (medscape.com)
  • Later additions to clinically available local anesthetics, namely ropivacaine and levobupivacaine, represent exploitation of the S enantiomer of these chemicals to create anesthetics that are less toxic, more potent, and longer acting. (medscape.com)
  • Bupivacaine is related chemically and pharmacologically to the aminoacyl local anesthetics. (nih.gov)
  • They differ in this respect from the procaine-type local anesthetics, which have an ester linkage. (nih.gov)
  • However, the local anesthetics have a primary depressant effect on the medulla and on higher centers. (nih.gov)
  • Local anesthetics are bound to plasma proteins in varying degrees. (nih.gov)
  • Local anesthetics appear to cross the placenta by passive diffusion. (nih.gov)
  • Fetal/maternal ratios of local anesthetics appear to be inversely related to the degree of plasma protein binding, because only the free, unbound drug is available for placental transfer. (nih.gov)
  • Clinical local anesthetics belong to one of two classes: aminoamide and aminoester local anesthetics. (wikidoc.org)
  • Acidosis such as caused by inflammation at a wound partly reduces the action of local anesthetics. (wikidoc.org)
  • All nerve fibres are sensitive to local anesthetics, but generally, those with a smaller diameter tend to be more sensitive than larger fibres. (wikidoc.org)
  • Local anesthetics will ensure there is no pain. (asda.org)
  • In addition, its duration of action and recovery time after withdrawal are both shorter than remimazolam, thus making EL-001 easier to control, and a much better option for the patients in general. (protheragen.com)
  • It provides rapid onset and short duration of action, making it suitable for various applications. (damsonpharma.com)
  • The receptor domains pertinent for the actions of general anesthetics, however, have yet to be fully elucidated. (aspetjournals.org)
  • DESPITE their widespread clinical use, the mechanisms of action of general anesthetics remain unresolved. (silverchair.com)
  • There is an extensive body of discordant literature about whether general anesthetics act on membrane proteins directly, or secondarily, after primary action on membrane lipids. (silverchair.com)
  • Methohexital is a short-acting barbiturate anesthetic with actions similar to thiopental, but 2 to 3 times more potent. (e-lactancia.org)
  • The blocking of propagated action potentials is therefore a function of the frequency of depolarization. (medscape.com)
  • In 2011, the US Food and Drug administration (FDA) approved liposomal bupivacaine (Exparel), a longer-acting form of bupivacaine in which the anesthetic is delivered via a multivesicular liposomal system. (medscape.com)
  • Intravenous administration. (e-lactancia.org)
  • With leadership from the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) and the support of other medical specialty groups, a bipartisan group of more than 130 lawmakers from both chambers of Congress sent formal Congressional letters to the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) urging the agency to address critical shortages of injectable anesthetics and intravenous pain medications. (asahq.org)
  • Administration involves a series of actions: assessing patient vaccination status and determining needed vaccines, screening for contraindications and precautions, educating patients, preparing and administering vaccines properly, and documenting the vaccines administered. (cdc.gov)
  • Sedatives typically have more than one of these actions, although one may predominate. (medscape.com)
  • Often pain medication and intravenous fluids to help with perfusion (blood flow through the body) are given. (friendshiphospital.com)
  • Its mode of action is unclear in this setting. (medscape.com)
  • In the latter half of the 1800s, interest in the drug became widespread, and many of cocaine's pharmacologic actions and adverse effects were elucidated during this time. (medscape.com)
  • the drugs or drug combinations referred to here may be similar or related, but are not be the same ones and may not have the same pharmacological action as other substances described on the same page or in the same row. (reference.md)
  • Lawmakers asked that the task force "determine the root causes of drug shortages, develop recommendations for Congress to ensure that appropriate supplies of essential medications are always available, and to take appropriate action to ensure that they are. (asahq.org)
  • Improved prodrugs and derivatives of the most common intravenous anesthetics were developed (LK-396, EL-0052, and EL-001) by the company we have collaborated with, which is engaged in the development of modified new drugs and innovative drug candidates. (protheragen.com)
  • These anesthetics show better pharmacokinetics, significantly lower drug toxicity levels, and other advantages compared to current market leaders. (protheragen.com)
  • Intravenous penicillin G is the drug of choice for the treatment of mushroom poisoning from Amanita phalloides. (medscape.com)
  • All three of these anesthetics contain an amide linkage between the aromatic nucleus and the amino, or piperidine group. (nih.gov)
  • Such individuals, when needing dental treatment, carry with them the consideration of which type of anesthetic to be used in clinical and surgical interventions. (bvsalud.org)
  • The needle can be accurately placed near the stellate ganglion, and, as a result, a safer and smaller amount of local anesthetic can be used, reducing the risk of adverse effects. (medscape.com)
  • Animal studies have shown that EL-001 is more effective and has quicker onset of action. (protheragen.com)
  • It is also used as an anesthetic before surgery or other medical procedures, and was found to have some helpful effects in treating depression. (herbsdelic.com)
  • This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. (lookformedical.com)
  • Thus, the open state of the sodium channel is the primary target of local anesthetic molecules. (medscape.com)
  • This is partly because most of the anaesthetic is ionised and therefore unable to cross the cell membrane to reach its cytoplasmic-facing site of action on the sodium channel. (wikidoc.org)
  • Beyond the pharmacodynamic effect of sodium channel blockade, existing studies support its actions on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, potassium and calcium channels, as a glycine inhibitor, and as possessing anti-inflammatory properties. (asra.com)
  • The action and side effects of intravenous anesthetics are difficult to control in critical patients. (longdom.org)
  • 5. Order or perform monitoring procedures indicated as pertinent to the anesthetic health care management of the patient. (flsenate.gov)
  • As a result, developing a proper anesthetic strategy to increase the anesthetic effect is critical for the operation's successful completion. (hindawi.com)
  • Stellate ganglion blocks have traditionally been performed blindly by palpating the anterior tubercle of the transverse process of C6 (Chassaignac tubercle) and infiltrating a large volume (as much as 20 mL) of local anesthetic followed by the patient sitting up immediately afterwards so that the gravitational effect allows enough volume to reach the stellate ganglion to result in an effective block. (medscape.com)
  • Osmotic diuresis with intravenous mannitol is effective in the short term for decreasing cerebral edema. (medscape.com)