• She earned her Ph.D. at University of Oxford, United Kingdom, where she researched bacteria that possess homologues of eukaryotic actin, namely MreB proteins, that control cell shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • AKF99 is also an excellent substrate for detecting actin binding proteins, see Fig. 2. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • A podosome is made of a columnar actin-rich core standing perpendicular to the plane of the ventral plasma membrane and embedded in a ring structure of integrins and integrin-associated proteins. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • We found that TWIST1 significantly increased SNB19 and T98G cell line invasion in orthotopic xenotransplants and increased expression of genes in functional categories associated with adhesion, extracellular matrix proteins, cell motility and locomotion, cell migration and actin cytoskeleton organization. (nih.gov)
  • Induced EndoMT cells exhibited up-regulation of mesenchymal markers, including collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin, and a reduction in endothelial cell and junctional proteins, including von Willebrand factor, CD31, occludin, and vascular endothelial-cadherin. (surrey.ac.uk)
  • In addition, these proteins can also associate with claudin, occludin and F-actin, at tight junction stands, where they provide a linkage between the actin cytoskeleton and the tight junction. (thermofisher.com)
  • When cytoskeletal proteins like actin undergo mutations and are abnormally expressed, they can contribute to the drug resistance and metastatic ability of cancer cells . (naturalnews.com)
  • Lamellipodial protrusion and directional migration of carcinoma cells towards chemoattractants, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), depend upon the spatial and temporal regulation of actin cytoskeleton by actin-binding proteins (ABPs). (rupress.org)
  • To determine the mechanisms leading to actin remodeling, fluorescent protein fusions of the BSMV triple gene block (TGB) proteins were coexpressed in cells with the actin marker DsRed: Talin. (ppjonline.org)
  • In most instances, F-actin is the functional form of actin proteins. (plantae.org)
  • Invadopodia are small membrane protrusions, rich in actin and actin-binding proteins, such as cortactin and Tks5 3 - 8 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Sox6-overexpression induces dysregulation of 64 proteins, involved in cytoskeleton remodeling and in protein synthesis, folding and trafficking, key processes for erythroid maturation. (edu.sa)
  • These proteins control the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton and thus represent key regulatory molecules that are active during cell migration ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • BK001, the actin binding protein spin-down assay kit provides G- or F-actin (rabbit skeletal muscle origin) plus positive (α-actinin ) and negative (Bovine Serum Albumin, BSA) binding control proteins. (tebubio.com)
  • Pre-formed actin filaments (PAFs) are supplied as a lyophilized powder. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • These stringently quality controlled filaments provide highly reliable and reproducible results in assays that require actin filament substrates. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Filopodia are finger-like projections supported by a cytoskeleton of bundled actin filaments ( Gallo and Letourneau, 2000 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • In this study, we have shown that it is possible to disrupt specific actin filament populations by targeting isoforms of tropomyosin, a core component of actin filaments, that are selectively upregulated in cancers. (edu.au)
  • The motor domain at the N-terminus of the myosin heavy chain binds actin filaments in an ATP-dependent manner. (elifesciences.org)
  • The motor domain catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to power the translocation of actin filaments, a function referred to as motor activity. (elifesciences.org)
  • The bipolar myosin filaments promote the sliding of antiparallel actin filaments relative to one another resulting in contraction of an actin network. (elifesciences.org)
  • Actin filaments are instrumental in driving processes such as migration, cytokinesis and endocytosis and provide cells with mechanical support. (biologists.com)
  • TGB ectopic expression experiments revealed that TGB3 is a major elicitor of filament thickening, that TGB2 resulted in formation of intermediate DsRed:Talin filaments, and that TGB1 alone had no obvious effects on actin filament structure. (ppjonline.org)
  • Besides, we would like to measure the rupture forces of actin filaments. (plantae.org)
  • We report a 3.9 Å resolution structure of Zea mays (maize) pollen actin (ZMPA) filaments determined by cryo-electron microscopy and rupture forces of actin filaments measured by single-molecule magnetic tweezers. (plantae.org)
  • Thus, plant actin filaments may be more stable than animal actin filaments. (plantae.org)
  • Our data provide evidence that plant actin filaments have a greater stability than animal actin filaments. (plantae.org)
  • 2019). Cryo-EM Structure of Actin Filaments from Zea mays Pollen. (plantae.org)
  • These membrane domains remain directly connected to the cell body with a complex underlying cytoarchitecture comprising microtubules distributed in larger processes and actin filaments enriched in thinner myelin domains and in paranodes [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our lead compound, TR100, is effective in vitro and in vivo in reducing tumor cell growth in neuroblastoma and melanoma models. (edu.au)
  • Mutagenesis studies confirm that no other residues on actin can be cross-linked by ACD both in vitro and in vivo. (rcsb.org)
  • To address this issue, the expression levels of Snail, RhoA and fibronectin, as well as MMP‑2, were reduced in the breast tumor cell lines MDA‑MB‑231 and MDA‑MB‑435S, and their biological responses were studied in vitro and in vivo. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • PAFs have been prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle actin protein that is greater than 99% pure (Cat. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The DNase I-binding loop (D-loop) of the ZMPA filament structure bends further outward compared to that of the rabbit skeletal muscle actin (RSMA), adopting an open conformation similar to that of the jasplakinolide- or Beryllium fluoride (BeF x )-stabilized RSMA filament. (plantae.org)
  • Consistent with this TWIST1 reduced cell aggregation, promoted actin cytoskeletal re-organization and enhanced migration and adhesion to fibronectin substrates. (nih.gov)
  • Aside from preventing cytoskeletal arrangement, the researchers also found that SY can significantly inhibit the migration of breast cancer cells in vitro and prevent the pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer cells in vivo. (naturalnews.com)
  • Although a report has shown that RhoB, a small GTPase involved in cytoskeletal actin rearrangement, lies downstream of Slug ( 11 ), another member of the Snail super-family, there is no evidence to support a link between Snail and Rho GTPases. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Mature oligodendrocytes acutely increase their cytoskeletal plasticity in vivo during demyelination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To achieve this, a coordinated rearrangement of cytoskeleton in response to extracellular cues is essential. (biologists.com)
  • These results suggested that the antimetastatic effect of SY is due to its ability to inhibit invadopodia formation, which occurs mainly through Src-dependent cytoskeleton rearrangement. (naturalnews.com)
  • Three major responses are evident: zero to low uptake that does not alter cellular mechanics, intracellular accumulation of AgNPs trigger cytoskeleton rearrangement resulting in the stiffening of mechanics, and damage of cytoskeleton that softens the mechanical profile. (cdc.gov)
  • They have been shown to move cargoes such as vesicles along actin filament tracks. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • This proof-of-principle study shows that it is possible to target specific actin filament populations fundamental to tumor cell viability based on their tropomyosin isoform composition. (edu.au)
  • Work done using smooth muscle myosin and mammalian non-muscle myosin have demonstrated that phosphorylation of the RLC at conserved Serine and Threonine sites ( Figure 1B , Serine-19 and Threonine-18) activates myosin motor activity, enhances the affinity of myosin for actin, and promotes myosin filament assembly ( Heissler and Sellers, 2016 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) induces massive actin filament thickening at the infection front of infected Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. (ppjonline.org)
  • Latrunculin B (LatB) treatments retarded BSMV cell-to-cell movement, disrupted actin filament organization, and dramatically decreased the proportion of paired TGB3 foci appearing at the cell wall (CW). (ppjonline.org)
  • The bacterial cytoskeleton: in vivo dynamics of the actin-like protein Mbl of Bacillus subtilis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an important intermediate in membrane lipid metabolism that acts as a key component of signaling networks, regulating the spatio-temporal dynamics of the endomembrane system and the cytoskeleton. (frontiersin.org)
  • Interestingly, inhibiting specifically DGK changed vacuolar dynamics and the morphology of pollen tubes, whereas inhibiting specifically PLD disrupted the actin cytoskeleton. (frontiersin.org)
  • We demonstrate in vivo karyotyping of chromosomes during mitosis and identify different dynamics for the actin cytoskeleton at the dorsal and ventral surfaces of fibroblasts. (janelia.org)
  • To investigate the structural organisation, dynamics and functional importance of F-actin in endothelial cells (ECs) during angiogenesis in vivo , we generated a transgenic zebrafish line expressing Lifeact-EGFP in ECs. (biologists.com)
  • Activity of this promoter served as surrogate for dynamics of the cytoskeleton gene transcription through recording of in vivo bioluminescence following diphtheria toxin-induced oligodendrocyte death and autoimmune demyelination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A binary toxin C. difficile transferase is found in some strains and belongs to the actin-modifying adenide dinucleotide protein-ribosyltransferases, which also impair the structure of actin cytoskeleton in epithelial cells ( 15 , 16 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Thymosinα4 is an actin-sequestering protein and regulates actin polymerization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Agrobacterium-mediated transient co-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves revealed that green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fused actin-binding domains of Arabidopsis fimbrin (ABD2-GFP) and mouse talin (TAL-GFP) inhibited the subcellular targeting of TGB3 and BMB2 to plasmodesmata-associated bodies, which resulted in TGB3 and BMB2 accumulation in the cytoplasm in association with aberrant ER structures. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • We have reconstituted minimal networks of actin, a ubiquitous biopolymer, along with an associated motor protein myosin II to create biomimetic networks which replicate cell structure and actively contract when selectively provided with ATP. (aps.org)
  • These networks allow us to study strain-mediated protein-specific interactions in an actin network at a precision impossible in vivo. (aps.org)
  • Snail is also an upstream protein of metalloproteinase-2 ( 9 ), which is a mesenchymal marker sufficient to trigger EMT in vivo ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Gα12 couples to numerous G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and regulates multiple epithelial responses, including proliferation, apoptosis, permeability and the actin cytoskeleton. (medscape.com)
  • Further study of the mechanisms showed that GAP43 might promote cell migration by activating Rac1 and mediating F-actin cytoskeleton polymerization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This cross-linking locks actin protomers into an orientation different from that of F-actin, resulting in strong inhibition of actin polymerization. (rcsb.org)
  • Upon release, we find that cofilin binds to and severs F-actin, which is coincident with actin polymerization and lamellipod formation. (rupress.org)
  • globular actin (G-actin) and filamentous actin (F-actin), which are subject to a dynamic equilibrium of polymerization and depolymerization. (plantae.org)
  • BK003, The Actin Polymerization Biochem Kit is based on the enhanced fluorescence of pyrene conjugated actin that occurs during polymerization. (tebubio.com)
  • The pathogenicity of C. difficile is based on the action of at least 1 of the 2 main cytotoxins (A and B) acting as glycosyltransferases that modify guanose triphosphatases within the intestinal epithelial cells and lead to the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. (cdc.gov)
  • The actin cross-linking domain (ACD) of MARTX(Vc) directly catalyzes a covalent cross-linking of monomeric G-actin into oligomeric chains and causes cell rounding, but the nature of the cross-linked bond and the mechanism of the actin cytoskeleton disruption remained elusive. (rcsb.org)
  • However, a recent study reports that binary toxin not only affects the actin cytoskeleton but also induces the formation of microtubule-based protrusions on the surface of epithelial cells, leading to increased adherence of bacteria ( 17 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Monomeric actin (G-actin) can self assemble (polymerize) into microfilaments (F-actin), the fundamental unit of the actin cytoskeleton. (tebubio.com)
  • Induced EndoMT in PAECs by inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and transforming growth factor β led to actin cytoskeleton reorganization and the development of a mesenchymal morphology. (surrey.ac.uk)
  • A novel class of anti-tropomyosin compounds has been developed that preferentially disrupts the actin cytoskeleton of tumor cells, impairing both tumor cell motility and viability. (edu.au)
  • For functional analysis, we used low concentrations of Latrunculin B that preferentially inhibited F-actin polymerisation in filopodia. (biologists.com)
  • In this study, using invadopodia- and cell cycle- fluorescent markers, we show in 2D and 3D cell cultures, as well as in vivo , that breast carcinoma cells assemble invadopodia and invade into the surrounding ECM preferentially during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (biorxiv.org)
  • Although previous studies have identified different chemotropic and adhesion molecules that influence axonal development, the molecular mechanism by which these signals control the cytoskeleton remains poorly understood. (biologists.com)
  • However, the structural basis accounting for these differences remains poorly understood, largely because none of the plant F-actin structures have been resolved. (plantae.org)
  • Although, the non-muscle myosin II holoenzyme (myosin) is a molecular motor that powers contraction of actin cytoskeleton networks, recent studies have questioned the importance of myosin motor activity cell and tissue shape changes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, combining the biochemical analysis of enzymatic and motile properties for purified myosin mutants with in vivo measurements of apical constriction for the same mutants, we show that in vivo constriction rate scales with myosin motor activity. (elifesciences.org)
  • They showed that overexpression of RhoC in the parental A375P cells dramatically increased metastasis in vivo and cell migration in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The main biopolymers which make up the cellular cytoskeleton and provide cells with their shape are well understood, yet, how they organize into structures and set given cellular behavior remains unclear. (aps.org)
  • The possible importance of GEFs in the spatial localization of changes in the actin cytoskeleton is beginning to be understood. (justia.com)
  • Further work is needed to discover the direct connection between the structural characteristics of the plant actin cytoskeleton and physiological phenomena of plant cells, especially actins' roles as tracks for long-distance vesicle and organelle transportation. (plantae.org)
  • mesenteric arteries (MA) and veins (MV) were mounted on glass cannulas, intravascularly filled with fluorescent dextran and incrementally pressurized above their in vivo physiological values. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, three-dimensional reconstruction of the actin cytoskeleton at the apical surface of the epithelium demonstrated that the intestinal lumen is continuous and that secondary lumens are an artifact of sectioning. (jove.com)
  • Paracrine regulation of angiogenesis and adipocyte differentiation during in vivo adipogenesis. (nature.com)
  • We focus our analysis on endothelial cell's cytoskeleton remodeling and differentiation in response to TGFß and accumulation of pathological matrix. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Sox6-overexpression in K562 cells and in human primary ex vivo erythroid cultures enhances erythroid differentiation and leads to hemoglobinization, the hallmark of erythroid maturation. (edu.sa)
  • Our results indicate that actin cytoskeleton interactions are important in BSMV cell-to-cell movement and for CW localization of TGB3. (ppjonline.org)
  • Single-cell mechanics provides an effective means to probe in vivo interactions between alveolar macrophages and silver nanoparticles. (cdc.gov)
  • Single-cell mechanics, derived from atomic force microscopy-based technology, provides a new and effective means to investigate nanomaterial-cell interactions upon in vivo exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • This study extends technology further to probe the interactions between primary alveolar macrophages (AM) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) upon in vivo exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Why is the SPY actin (or tubulin/DNA) probe good for STED microscopy? (cytoskeleton.com)
  • A recent study, which used a gene knock-out system, reinforced the fact that toxins A and B are comparable in terms of virulence, as shown by in vitro cytotoxicity and virulence in vivo ( 14 ). (cdc.gov)
  • To further define TWIST1 functions in GBM we tested the impact of TWIST1 over-expression on invasion in vivo and its impact on gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • And left ventricular injection on nude mice was used to evaluate the effect of target gene in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During angiogenesis, actin-rich filopodia protrusions have been proposed to drive endothelial tip cell functions by translating guidance cues into directional migration and mediating new contacts during anastomosis. (biologists.com)
  • Live imaging identifies dynamic and transient F-actin-based structures, such as filopodia, contractile ring and cell cortex, and more persistent F-actin-based structures, such as cell junctions. (biologists.com)
  • The different actin isoforms can show distinct cellular and sub-cellular expression and localization. (tebubio.com)
  • It has been demonstrated that different isoforms have subtly different biochemical properties in vitro which supports functional diversity within isotypes in vivo. (tebubio.com)
  • Both in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that GAP43 can facilitate tumor metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Orthotopic animal models of different types of cancer have long been used to study tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis in real time, as well as to measure the survival time and status associated with the development of tumor in vivo. (naturalnews.com)
  • Within the tumor microenvironment in vivo , invadopodia assembly is stimulated in areas rich in large blood vessels, macrophages and highly cross-linked ECM 11 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Perturbing any of these parameters has a direct effect on invadopodia function, establishing a strong in vivo correlation between the tumor microenvironment and invadopodia-driven motility. (biorxiv.org)
  • Ongoing projects aim at demonstrating the existence of podosomes in vivo and determine their role in endothelial cell (patho)physiology. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Our findings suggest that GAP43 is an independent predictor of NSCLC brain metastasis and that it may facilitate metastasis by regulating the Rac1/F-actin pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For their in vivo experiments, they established an orthotopic lung metastasis animal model via intravenous injection of breast cancer cells to evaluate the antimetastatic role of SY. (naturalnews.com)
  • Actins are highly conserved within the eukaryotic kingdom and exist in higher eukaryotes as multigene families. (tebubio.com)
  • The actin cytoskeleton is a potentially vulnerable property of cancer cells, yet chemotherapeutic targeting attempts have been hampered by unacceptable toxicity. (edu.au)
  • Analysing the effects of TGFß on cytoskeleton organisation led us to discover actin-rich structures named podosomes in aortic endothelial cells. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • A) Representative immunoconfocal images of F-actin (red) and vinculin (green) organisation in control (left panel) and TGFß-treated (right panel) cultured aortic endothelial cells. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • TGFß-treated cells exhibit ring-like structures (podosome rosettes, right panel), where vinculin surrounds F-actin cores (tbottom panel: higher magnification of the boxed areasl). (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • A useful experimental system for selecting metastatic variant cells lines involves in vivo selection in nude mouse tumorigenesis models. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The authors began their study by using repeated rounds of in vivo selection to generate metastatic variants of melanoma cells: amelanotic A375P human cells and the B16F0 mouse cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We determined the presence of EndoMT in the pulmonary vasculature in vivo and the functional effects on pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) undergoing EndoMT in vitro. (surrey.ac.uk)
  • Histologic assessment of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated PAH and the hypoxia/SU5416 mouse model identified the presence von Willebrand factor/α-smooth muscle actin-positive endothelial cells in up to 5% of pulmonary vessels. (surrey.ac.uk)
  • Here, we provide the first in vivo data that directly visualize the spatial and temporal regulation of cofilin by PIP 2 in living cells. (rupress.org)
  • The actin cytoskeleton in cells is like the steel reinforced concrete in a building. (plantae.org)
  • We thus investigated the in vivo dynamic, actin-related response of these cells under different kinds of demyelinating stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Targeting activated Gα subunits to specific cells in vivo permits identification of downstream effector pathways independent of receptor activation, and thus permits insight into disease mechanisms otherwise impossible to study in vivo . (medscape.com)
  • Collectively, the presented data support the current view that plant viral MPs exploit the ER:actin network for their intracellular transport. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • These effects were confirmed using confocal imaging of F-actin and measurements of reactive oxygen species production. (cdc.gov)
  • STED microscopy offers the ability to study cellular details on a nanometermolar scale in vivo . (cytoskeleton.com)
  • However, it affects retinoic acid signaling in vivo and in primary keratinocytes in vitro. (europa.eu)
  • Our work has established that TGFß causes the repolymerisation of actin into punctate structures named podosomes. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Thus, studying the structure of F-actin is of particular importance for understanding its functional mechanism. (plantae.org)
  • Sox6-null mouse fetuses present misshapen and nucleated erythrocytes, due to impaired actin assembly and cytoskeleton stability. (edu.sa)
  • examine the structure of maize pollen actin. (plantae.org)
  • Carballido Lopez has worked on the roles of bacterial actins in different cellular processes, particularly in morphogenesis, to better understand how the cell wall of bacteria is controlled and explores the role of cytoskeleton in this process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Actin binding occurs when there is an affinity for any site of actin. (tebubio.com)
  • This applies a tensile signal to the actin-binding domain (ABD) of α-catenin, which provides a clutch to promote lateral adhesion growth and inhibit the lamellipodial activity necessary for migration. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • however, this is mainly based on in vitro-binding and structural studies, and generally in vivo evidence is lacking. (rupress.org)
  • We wanted to determine the first structure of plant F-actin and discover its structural characteristics. (plantae.org)
  • Here, we review state-of-the-art MR methods to study brain function and metabolism in vivo , and their contribution to the current understanding of how astrocytic energy metabolism supports glutamatergic activity and cerebral function. (frontiersin.org)