Actin cytoskeletal disruption. Medical search. Frequent questions

Rho GTPases are then activated to polymerize G-actin to F-actin through the activity of actin binding proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Estrogen Effects on Actin Cytoskeletal and Endocytic Proteins Associated With Tubulobulbar Complex Disruption in Rat Testes. (creativebiomart.net)
Investigation of the cytoskeleton using antibodies against certain cytoskeletal proteins revealed a difference in the microfilament pattern from ataxia-telangiectasia fibroblasts compared to controls. (nih.gov)
Cytoskeletal filaments provide support to the highly fluid, flexible, and extensible plasma membrane through linker proteins, 6-Carboxyfluorescein that together enable mechanical interactions with adjacent cells via cellCcell junctions or with the environment via cellCsubstrate adhesions. (pepas.org)
Formins are multidomain proteins defined by a conserved FH2 (formin homology 2) domain with actin nucleation activity preceded by a proline-rich FH1 (formin homology 1) domain. (biomedcentral.com)
In vitro, the FH2 domain competes with barbed-end capping proteins and is necessary and sufficient to nucleate actin polymerization, but the FH1 domain, which interacts with profilin-actin, funnels actin to the nucleation vicinity and confers full activity to the molecule [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently set up FN fibrils coalign with bundles of actin filaments (27, 32), and with focal adhesions or cytoskeletal buildings which contain many focal adhesion proteins (3, 7, 8, 10, 61). (geogise.com)
and proteins that interact with members of the Arp2/3 complex and hence the actin cytoskeleton (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
1997). Actin-associated calpain substrates suggested to have jobs in cell motility are the membrane-bridging proteins talin, the cross-linking protein -actinin and actin binding proteins (ABP-280), as well as the cortical protein spectrin and ankyrin (for review find Croall and DeMartino, 1991). (thetechnoant.info)
Regardless of the identification of several cytoskeletal substrates for 190436-05-6 IC50 calpain, you will find few types of physiological involvement of calpain in cytoskeletal proteins cleavage. (thetechnoant.info)
Calponin is a group of actin filament-associated regulatory proteins. (ijpsonline.com)
Cytoskeletal-associated proteins play an active role in coordinating the adhesion and migration machinery in cancer progression. (unm.edu)
This could implicate these molecules in selective trafficking of membrane proteins upstream of cytoskeletal reorganization, and identifies new roles for cilia-related proteins in cochlear PCP. (elsevierpure.com)
Actin, tropomyosin and troponin, the proteins that comprise the contractile apparatus of the cardiac thin filament, are highly conserved across species. (icr.ac.uk)
The Rho family of GTP-binding proteins has been implicated in the regulation of various cellular functions including actin cytoskeleton-dependent morphological change. (embl-heidelberg.de)
To determine the mechanisms leading to actin remodeling, fluorescent protein fusions of the BSMV triple gene block (TGB) proteins were coexpressed in cells with the actin marker DsRed: Talin. (ppjonline.org)
Intracellular transport of plant viruses during infection operates via unique interactions between viral proteins and selected host cytoskeletal and membrane elements. (ppjonline.org)

Actin exists in two states in the axonal and dendritic processes: globular or G-actin and filament/filamentous or F-actin. (wikipedia.org)
[ 5 ] Actin filament growth occurs by rapid monomer addition (polymerization) to the barbed leading end of a nucleated site. (medscape.com)
Next, gelsolin (activated by Ca ++ ) severs actin filaments to create barbed ends, but then must be uncapped from the filament by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphonate and Rac to proceed with polymerization. (medscape.com)
Calponin is an actin filament-associated regulatory protein that can inhibit the activity of myosin- ATPase and stabilize the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. (ijpsonline.com)
Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) induces massive actin filament thickening at the infection front of infected Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. (ppjonline.org)
TGB ectopic expression experiments revealed that TGB3 is a major elicitor of filament thickening, that TGB2 resulted in formation of intermediate DsRed:Talin filaments, and that TGB1 alone had no obvious effects on actin filament structure. (ppjonline.org)
Latrunculin B (LatB) treatments retarded BSMV cell-to-cell movement, disrupted actin filament organization, and dramatically decreased the proportion of paired TGB3 foci appearing at the cell wall (CW). (ppjonline.org)

Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton plays crucial roles in many cellular functions, including morphology, motility, and adhesion. (biomedcentral.com)
1997). Lately, it's been recommended that calpain facilitates cytoskeletal reorganization during cell motility by cleaving ezrin substances (Shuster and Herman, 1995) that type a bridge between your membrane and actin filaments (Algrain et al. (thetechnoant.info)

ILK forms an obligate heterotrimeric complex with particularly interesting Cys-His-rich protein (PINCH) and parvin, which together lend stability to the actin cytoskeleton at focal adhesions ( Brakebusch and Fässler, 2003 ). (jneurosci.org)
A prominent pathway stimulates set up of huge bundles of actin filaments (tension Sele fibres) and focal adhesions (57). (geogise.com)
Functionally, tumor cells incubated with LGRFYAASG-pen showed disruption of filamentous actin, focal adhesions and caveolae-mediated membrane trafficking, resulting in impaired cell adhesion and migration in vitro. (unm.edu)

Non-LTP inducing stimuli cause alterations in spine morphology due to changes in actin polymerization. (wikipedia.org)
The fraction of fibroblasts and hepatocytes with altered cytoskeletal morphology was evaluated as a function of MCLR dose and exposure time to assess the sequence of changes in cytoskeletal components. (psu.edu)

These phenomena suggest substantial changes in cytoskeletal structure. (usuhs.edu)

In the actin remodeling of neurons, the protein actin is part of the process to change the shape and structure of dendritic spines. (wikipedia.org)
Cytoskeletons, made up of the protein actin, serve as structural support for cells but are also key in processes like the cell's ability to grow, divide and internalize key substances. (sepoy.net)
The eukaryotic chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT) folds the cytoskeletal protein actin. (icr.ac.uk)

Furthermore, we found that Pls3 cell-autonomously regulates cell migration by regulating actin cytoskeleton organization, and its levels are inversely proportional to neural migration speed. (nature.com)

Actin remodeling consists of the dynamic changes in actin polymerization that underlie the morphological changes at the neural synapse. (wikipedia.org)
F-actin could serve as a synaptic tag because the scaffolding space for plasticity products is increased during LTP actin polymerization. (wikipedia.org)
Flagella from E. coli O157 (H7), EPEC O127 (H6) and S. Typhimurium (P1 and P2 flagella) were shown to bind to purified intracellular components of the actin cytoskeleton and directly increase in vitro actin polymerization rates. (ed.ac.uk)
Other cells were exposed to cytochalasin D, a fungal metabolite, which interferes with polymerization of actin from its globular to its filamentous form, and similarly were analyzed with respect to fractal dimension, viability (neutral red assay), and manner of death (annexin V fluorescence-activated cell scanning analysis). (usuhs.edu)
In primary microglia and macrophages exposed to β-amyloid, the scaffolding protein p130Cas is rapidly tyrosine-phosphorylated and co-localizes with CD36 to membrane ruffles contemporaneous with F-actin polymerization. (neuroprobe.com)
In all systems, these GTPases are best known for their effects on the polymerization and distribution of actin in the cell cortex [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Together, our work demonstrates ILK as necessary for normal oligodendrocyte development, reinforces its role as a bridge between the actin cytoskeleton and cell membrane, and highlights the overarching compensatory capacity of oligodendrocytes in response to cellular milieu. (jneurosci.org)
The final expulsion step of the maturing virus particles seemed to result in some disruptions to the plasma membrane. (cdc.gov)
Flagella interactions with host cell surfaces were intimate and crossed cellular boundaries as demarcated by actin and membrane labelling. (ed.ac.uk)
Scanning electron microscopy revealed flagella disappearing into cellular surfaces and transmission electron microscopy of S. Typhiumurium indicated host membrane deformation and disruption in proximity to flagella. (ed.ac.uk)
Motor mutants of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium caused reduced haemolysis compared to wild-type, indicating that membrane disruption was in part due to flagella rotation. (ed.ac.uk)
The Rg1 treatment also abolished H 2 O 2 -induced morphological changes, including cell rounding, membrane blebbing, neurite retraction and nuclei condensation, which were generated by myosin IIA-actin interaction. (ijbs.com)
Therefore, this study shows that therapeutic concentrations of ketamine can disrupt F-actin and microtubular cytoskeletons possibly through suppression of intracellular calcium mobilization and cellular ATP synthesis due to downregulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and complex I enzyme activity. (tmu.edu.tw)
Alterations in MFs occurred later and included initial aggregation of actin under the plasma membrane, followed by condensation into rosette-like structures and eventual complete collapse into a dense perinuclear bundle. (psu.edu)
Mechanistically, antiarrhythmic effects were due to myofibroblast hyperpolarization (Cytochalasin D, Latrunculin B) and disruption of heterocellular gap junctional coupling (Jasplakinolide), which caused normalization of membrane polarization of adjacent cardiomyocytes. (unibe.ch)

The nucleus is translocated by actin and microtubules, yet the actual force generated by the interplay of these cytoskeletons remains elusive. (biologists.com)
Many studies also consider microtubules (MT) disruption. (pepas.org)
This study compared the effects of MCLR on the organization of MFs, IFs, and microtubules (MTs) in hepatocytes and nonhepatocyte cell lines and determined the sequence of toxin-induced changes in these cytoskeletal components. (psu.edu)

The current study is to reveal the regulatory effects of Rg1 on cytoskeletal and morphological lesion in oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis. (ijbs.com)

Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a major structural adaptor protein governing signaling complex formation and cytoskeletal dynamics. (jneurosci.org)
Heme strongly inhibited phagocytosis and the migration of human and mouse phagocytes by disrupting actin cytoskeletal dynamics via activation of the GTP-binding Rho family protein Cdc42 by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK8. (ox.ac.uk)

Accordingly, the neuroprotective mechanism of Rg1 is related to the activity that inhibits myosin IIA-actin interaction and the caspase-3/ROCK1/MLC signaling pathway. (ijbs.com)
Disruption of this p130Cas complex by small interfering RNA silencing inhibits p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and microglial migration, illustrating the importance of this pathway in microglial activation and recruitment. (neuroprobe.com)
It is definitely known that disruption of actin filaments with cytochalasin inhibits matrix set up (2, 13, 67). (geogise.com)
Microcystin-LR (MCLR) is a cyanobacterial hepatotoxin that inhibits intracellular serine/threonine protein phosphatases causing disruption of actin microfilaments (MFs) and intermediate filaments (IFs) in hepatocytes. (psu.edu)

Integrin-mediated interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) are required for the attachment, cytoskeletal organization, mechanosensing, migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival of cells in the context of a multitude of biological processes including fertilization, implantation and embryonic development, immune response, bone resorption and platelet aggregation. (thno.org)
This disruption of intra- cellular interconnections mirrors endotoxin-induced disruption in signals among organs and supports the mechanistic hypothesis that multiorgan dysfunction syndrome generally reflects disruption of signals and connections at several levels of biologic organization. (usuhs.edu)

We hypothesized that stress-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells is, in part, a consequence of a critical cytoskeletal rearrangement. (usuhs.edu)

[ 4 ] that interfere with the protein binding to Cdc42 and Rac GTPases, among other binding partners, most of which are involved in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton of lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
Additionally, a number of ataxia-telangiectasia lymphoblastoid lines have been shown to have an unusual regulation of the cellular actin levels. (nih.gov)
These findings put some insights into the unique neuroprotective properties of Rg1 associated with the regulation of myosin IIA-actin cytoskeletal structure under oxidative stress and provide experimental evidence for Rg1 in CNS diseases. (ijbs.com)
Our analysis allows some preliminary insight into the functionality of Dictyostelium formins: all isoforms might display actin nucleation activity and, with the exception of ForI, might also be susceptible to autoinhibition and to regulation by Rho GTPases. (biomedcentral.com)

Few studies, however, consider disruption to intermediate filaments (IFs) and no studies consider septin disruption. (pepas.org)

Nucleation, the rate-limiting step, is stimulated by a complex of actin-related protein Arp2/3 and WASp. (medscape.com)

While some Drf1 +/- lines had fewer actin stress fibers,several Drf1 +/- and -/- cells were more motile and had more abundant lamella andfilopodia. (embl-heidelberg.de)
So far, it is not known whether α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) containing stress fibers, the cytoskeletal components that set myofibroblasts apart from resident fibroblasts, are essential for myofibroblasts to develop arrhythmogenic interactions with cardiomyocytes. (unibe.ch)
Objective: We investigated whether pharmacological ablation of α-SMA containing stress fibers by actin-targeting drugs affects arrhythmogenic myofibroblast-cardiomyocyte cross-talk. (unibe.ch)
Exposure to actin-targeting drugs (Cytochalasin D, Latrunculin B, Jasplakinolide) for 24 hours led to disruption of α-SMA containing stress fibers. (unibe.ch)

The increase in polymerized F-actin is due to the recruitment of G-actin monomers and the translation of actin mRNA in the dendrite. (wikipedia.org)
Ketamine did not change the production of actin or microtubulin mRNA in HepG2 cells. (tmu.edu.tw)

Cytochalasin D alone induced a dose-dependent cytoskeletal collapse indistinguishable from that caused by the acute phase-heat shock sequence that caused cell death by apoptosis. (usuhs.edu)
Because cytochalasin D-induced rearrangement of this cytoskeleton produced apoptosis indistinguishable from the stress-induced apoptosis, we conclude that the cytoskeletal rearrangement is likely a critical event in the pathway to apoptosis. (usuhs.edu)

Eukaryotic cells rely on de novo nucleation mechanisms to generate actin filaments in order to elicit spatial and temporal remodeling of their actin cytoskeleton. (biomedcentral.com)

By regulating filamentous actin, Cdc42 and Rac exert a profound effect on cell shape, polarity, migration, cell:cell and cell:matrix adhesion, protein traffic, and cytokinesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Oxidative stress-induced cytoskeletal dysfunction of neurons has been implicated as a crucial cause of cell apoptosis or death in the central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. (ijbs.com)
The application of neuroprotectants rescuing the neurons from cytoskeletal damage and apoptosis can be a potential treatment for these CNS diseases. (ijbs.com)

Cdc42 and Rac - ancient, highly conserved, small GTPases - mediate extracellular signals, triggering changes in transcription and in the actin cytoskeleton. (biomedcentral.com)
Disruption of the Diaphanous-related formin Drf1 gene encoding mDia1 reveals arole for Drf3 as an effector for Cdc42. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Because the apparent "gain-of-function" corresponded with elevatedlevels of Drf3 protein expression, we hypothesized that the effects on the actin cytoskeleton were due to Cdc42 utilization of Drf3 as an effector. (embl-heidelberg.de)

PEF therapies such as IRE and nsPEFs rely on PEF-induced cell disruption to eliminate tumor cells. (pepas.org)

In addition to the differences in the microfilament patterns, ataxia-telangiectasia fibroblasts differed in their ability to recover from microfilament disruption by dimethyl sulfoxide. (nih.gov)
Changes in fibroblasts and some hepatocytes were characterized initially by disorganization of IFs, followed rapidly by disorganization of MTs, with the progressive collapse of both cytoskeletal components around cell nuclei. (psu.edu)

G-actin subunits preferentially add to the barbed end of the F-actin polymer and older units are removed from the pointed end. (wikipedia.org)
The computer-aided homology modelling revealed that Rg1 preferentially positioned in the actin binding cleft of myosin IIA and might block the binding of myosin IIA to actin filaments. (ijbs.com)

Chlamydia binds several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) on host cells, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and activates cellular signaling cascades for host invasion, cytoskeletal remodeling, optimal inclusion development, and induction of pathogenic epithelial-mesenchyme transition (EMT). (cdc.gov)

The actin cytoskeleton is responsible for cellular functions such as growth, endocytosis, exocytosis, and cytokinesis. (medscape.com)

G-actin is the monomer form of actin, and is uniformly distributed throughout the axon and the dendrite. (wikipedia.org)
G-actin are the monomer building blocks that assemble via weak noncovalent interactions to form F-actin. (wikipedia.org)

In this study, we attempted to evaluate the effects of ketamine on F-actin and microtubular cytoskeletons in human hepatoma HepG2 cells and its possible molecular mechanisms. (tmu.edu.tw)
Meanwhile, administration of therapeutic concentrations of ketamine obviously interrupted F-actin and microtubular cytoskeletons. (tmu.edu.tw)

These data demonstrated that PP2A/Src acts as a potent sensor and amplifier of Pi signals which can further signal through DAPK-1/Tropomyosin-3 to generate cytoskeleton disruption and generation of potentially pathological MVs. (herts.ac.uk)

BACKGROUND: Mammalian Diaphanous-related formins (Drfs) act as Rho small GTPaseeffectors during growth factor-induced cytoskeletal remodeling and cell division.While both p140 mDia1 (herein called Drf1) and p134 mDia2 (Drf3) have been shown to bind in vitro to activated RhoA-C, and Drf3 has also been shown to bind toCdc42, little is known about the cellular function of these GTPase effectorpairs. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Thus, we have begun targeting the murine Drf genes to address theirvarious contributions to small GTPase signaling in cytoskeletal remodeling anddevelopment. (embl-heidelberg.de)

F-actin can be found in the presynaptic bouton surrounding synaptic vesicle clusters and acting as scaffolding. (wikipedia.org)

When these stimuli were applied in sequence, a synergistic interaction led to profound cytoskeletal collapse. (usuhs.edu)
Sequential stresses that mimic pathophysiologic 'two-hit' stimuli induce a characteristic fractal rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. (usuhs.edu)

Lately, it's been recommended that calpain, the ubiquitous Ca2+-turned on protease, may regulate cell motility by cleaving actin-associated cytoskeletal protein within a site-specific way (Beckerle et al. (thetechnoant.info)
Integrin cleavage by calpain guiding the cell in addition has been indirectly implicated in motility via the disruption of cellCmatrix connections (Huttenlocher et al. (thetechnoant.info)
1996). Collectively, these observations indicate Ca2+-reliant proteolysis like a potential regulator of cytoskeletal proteinCprotein relationships during cell motility. (thetechnoant.info)

The similarity of effects among different cell types suggests a common mechanism of action, but the independent kinetics of IF and MT disruption in hepatocytes suggests that there may be at least 2 sites of phosphorylation that lead to cytoskeletal alterations. (psu.edu)

The changes that actin brings about lead to the formation of new synapses as well as increased cell communication. (wikipedia.org)
Stimulation of the neuron that promotes LTP causes larger spine volume, increased cell communication, and a greater ratio of F-actin to G-actin. (wikipedia.org)
In the LTD environment, spine volume is decreased, cell communication is decreased, and there is a far greater ratio of G-actin to F-actin. (wikipedia.org)
Thickening of the actin filaments at the cell edge provided the bending force to extrude the virus particles. (cdc.gov)
We propose that flagella interactions with host cell membranes and cytoskeletal components may help prime intimate attachment and invasion for E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium, respectively. (ed.ac.uk)
ECT combines reversible PEF disruption with adjuvant chemotherapy to enhanced drug uptake and cause cell death. (pepas.org)
Previous studies claim that the Ca2+-reliant proteases, calpains, take part in remodeling from the actin cytoskeleton during wound therapeutic and are energetic during cell migration. (thetechnoant.info)
Failure from the intimately related procedures of filopodia development and lamellar expansion suggest that calpain is certainly intimately involved with actin redecorating and cell dispersing. (thetechnoant.info)
A lager expansion of the cell area accompanied by a greater development of actin cytoskeleton and talin1, a greater adhesion strength of CTEs to each disk, and higher gene expression level of focal adhesion protein were observed with the mirror-polished surface than the mechanically polished surface both Ti and Ce-TZP/Al 2 O 3 disks. (alliedacademies.org)
Our results indicate that actin cytoskeleton interactions are important in BSMV cell-to-cell movement and for CW localization of TGB3. (ppjonline.org)

ECs were treated with control (1 mM [Pi]) vs. high (2.5 mM [Pi]), a condition that drives actin stress fibre depletion and MV generation demonstrated by confocal microscopy of F-actin and NanoSight Nanoparticle tracking, respectively. (herts.ac.uk)

Actin remodeling is a biochemical process in cells. (wikipedia.org)
The cytoskeletal network along the edge of the infected cells was enhanced and could be involved in transporting and expelling the progeny virus particles. (cdc.gov)
Similarly, GET combines reversible PEF disruption with nucleic acids to enhance the transfection of cells for therapeutic purposes. (pepas.org)
Such disruption of the cytoskeleton may lead to reductions in CYP3A4 activity in HepG2 cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
This new study showed that the signaling process also requires disrupting the actin cytoskeleton inside cells, which occurs when a virus infects cells. (sepoy.net)
Cells were fixed and incubated with primary antibodies against β-tubulin, actin, and vimentin or cytokeratin IFs, followed by gold-labeled secondary antibodies with silver enhancement of the gold probe. (psu.edu)
1996). That is in keeping with the discovering that Ca2+ transients colocalize in the leading lamella of crawling cells, recommending that calpain may regulate ezrinCcap73C-actin relationships. (thetechnoant.info)
After ablation of this cytoskeletal component, cells lose their arrhythmic effects on cardiomyocytes, even if heterocellular electrotonic coupling is sustained. (unibe.ch)
In addition, deletion of either Bbs8 or Ift20 results in disruptions in asymmetric accumulation of the core PCP molecule Vangl2 in cochlear cells, suggesting a role for Bbs8 and/or Ift20, possibly upstream of core PCP asymmetry. (elsevierpure.com)

F-actin is the polymer form of actin, and its presence in dendritic spines is associated with their change in shape and structure. (wikipedia.org)
Researchers from Cleveland Clinic's Florida Research and Innovation Center (FRIC) found that disruption of a cellular structure, known as the actin cytoskeleton, is a "priming signal" for the body to respond to a virus. (sepoy.net)

The number of studies investigating cytoskeletal disruption has increased dramatically in the last decade (Physique 1b). (pepas.org)

When F-actin is unable to form, long-term depression (LTD) is induced, which promotes opposite results. (wikipedia.org)
These results provide further evidence for a cytoskeletal anomaly in ataxia-telangiectasia. (nih.gov)

Heme drives hemolysis-induced susceptibility to infection via disruption of phagocyte functions. (ox.ac.uk)

Together, these data are the first to identify the signaling cascade that directly links CD36 to the actin cytoskeleton and, thus, implicates it in diverse processes such as cellular migration, adhesion, and phagocytosis. (neuroprobe.com)

Reversal of the sequence did not induce the cytoskeletal disruption. (usuhs.edu)

Disruption from the FN gene in mice outcomes within an embryonic lethal phenotype, confirming the need for FN in advancement (23). (geogise.com)

Anatomy22

Organisms5

Chemicals and Drugs76

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Phenomena and Processes25

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Proteins17

Filament7

Reorganization2

Focal adhesions3

Morphology2

Changes in cytoskeletal1

Protein actin3

Cytoskeleton organization1

Polymerization6

Membrane9

Microtubules3

Morphological1

Dynamics2

Inhibits4

Organization2

Endothelial cells1

Regulation4

Intermediate filaments1

Arp21

Stress fibers4

MRNA2

Cytochalasin2

Spatial and temporal1

Filamentous1

Neurons2

Cdc423

Tumor cells1

Fibroblasts2

Preferentially2

Epithelial1

Cellular functions1

Monomer2

Cytoskeletons2

Signals1

GTPase2

Vesicle1

Stimuli2

Motility3

Phosphorylation1

Cell10

Microscopy1

Cells9

Structure2

Dramatically1

Results2

Infection1

Processes1

Sequence1

Gene1