AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Pancreatitis, Acute NecrotizingPancreatitisLeukoencephalitis, Acute HemorrhagicGingivitis, Necrotizing UlcerativeNomaLigusticumFasciitis, NecrotizingAmylasesPancreasPancreatitis, ChronicEnterocolitis, NecrotizingNecrosisTaurocholic AcidPancreatitis, AlcoholicGlycodeoxycholic AcidAcinar CellsAcute DiseaseNigerCeruletideDrainageFatal OutcomeGingivitisBiotaCarcinoma, Acinar CellRats, Sprague-DawleyPancreas, ExocrineTrypsinogenDisease Models, AnimalPancreatic DuctsCholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic RetrogradePancreatic DiseasesTreatment OutcomePancreatic PseudocystDNA, RibosomalSialometaplasia, NecrotizingParotid GlandDebridement
Pathogenesis of acute pancreatitisDiabetes mellitusSevereNecrosisAtrophyPancreasChronicRespiratory distressDigestive enzymesPeripancreaticMildAbscessCytokinesExocrineZymogensIsletHistologicInflammationEtiologyInflammatory diseaseGallstonesObstructionCellsSeverityAlcoholTissueTrypsinogenComplicationsIncidence of pancreatitisClinicalGeneticPatientsLung injuryRatsOccurTrypsinGene expressionDisorderTreatmentsCertaintyDuration
Pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis3
  • This paper reviews the ultrastructural changes in acinar pancreatic cells which have been the most significant in elucidation of pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
  • The paper emphasizes the role of ultrastructural studies in the connection of pancreatic microcirculation disturbances with severity of disease and the importance of oxygen radicals in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
  • A number of molecules mediating the inflammatory (NF-κB, cytokines/chemokines, adhesion molecules, and novel protein kinase C isoforms) and cell death responses (eg, caspases) play a role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
Diabetes mellitus1
Severe15
  • It is performed for a variety of reasons, including: Inflammation Necrotising pancreatitis Chronic pancreatitis with pain Trauma Neoplasms Adenocarcinoma (85%) Cystadenoma (mucinous/serous) Cystadenocarcinoma Islet cell tumors (neuroendocrine tumors) Papillary cystic neoplasms Lymphoma Acinar cell tumors Severe hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia The most common surgical procedure involving removal of a portion of the pancreas is called a pancreaticoduodenectomy. (wikipedia.org)
  • These processes often follow severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) as opposed to mild acute pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • Acute necrotic pancreatitis is the most severe end of a spectrum of inflammation associated with pancreatitis . (medscape.com)
  • Patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) often require ICU admission, especially when signs of multiorgan failure are present, a condition that defines AP as severe . (springeropen.com)
  • The Atlanta classification for pancreatitis considers two types of AP (interstitial and edematous/necrotizing) and a 3-grade severity scale (mild, moderately severe, severe). (springeropen.com)
  • If organ failure lasts less than 48 h, AP is defined as moderately severe, while it is defined as severe (severe acute pancreatitis, SAP), if organ failure persists for more than 48 h [ 4 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • When your dog has acute pancreatitis, he will begin to vomit abruptly and have severe pain in his abdomen. (insideoutdogtraining.com)
  • An extremely severe and fatal form of pancreatitis is called fluminant necrotizing pancreatitis. (insideoutdogtraining.com)
  • The severity of acute pancreatitis is classified as mild, moderately severe, or severe based on the presence of local complications and transient or persistent organ failure. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although overall mortality of acute pancreatitis is low, morbidity and mortality are significant in severe cases. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas characterized by severe pain in the upper abdomen and increased serum concentrations of pancreatic lipase and amylase. (pocketdrugguide.com)
  • Most patients with mild Acute pancreatitis recover completely, but severe Acute pancreatitis is associated with local complications such as acute fluid collection, pancreatic necrosis, abscess, and pseudocyst. (pocketdrugguide.com)
  • Lung injury (LI) is commonly involved in 15%~60% of severe AP, and severe LI is likely to trigger acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure (RF). (hindawi.com)
  • Both LPL & apoC-II deficiency usually present in childhood with recurrent episodes of severe abdominal pain due to acute pancreatitis. (medquizzes.net)
  • However, long-term symptoms following COVID-19 are more common in people who suffered more severe acute disease. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
Necrosis9
  • A single dose of 500 mg/100 g injected i.p. resulted in 70-80% of pancreatic acinar cell necrosis within 3 days. (pancreapedia.org)
  • Similarly, pancreatic necrosis is an acute necrotic collection in which there is a variable amount of fluid and necrosis. (medscape.com)
  • The mortality rate of pancreatitis may exceed 20% or more in the presence of infected pancreatic necrosis and is largely related to sepsis and multiorgan failure. (medscape.com)
  • After necrotic pancreatitis three potential outcomes exist: resolution, persistent fluid collection (pseudocyst)/necrosis (WOPN), or formation of abscess or infected necrosis. (medscape.com)
  • Risk assessment of acute pancreatitis (AP) depends upon clinical indices (eg, Ranson, Imrie, or Apache I/II Scores), the presence of extrapancreatic complications, an elevated C-reactive protein or hematocrit, an elevated procalcitonin, and the finding of pancreatic necrosis on CT scanning. (medscape.com)
  • In the first 48-72 hours after the onset of acute pancreatitis using the Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and contrast-enhanced CT scan (which has the highest diagnostic accuracy) one can predict future development of infected necrosis, multiorgan failure syndrome (MOFS) and death. (medscape.com)
  • Interstitial pancreatitis refers to a diffuse inflammatory edema, while necrotizing pancreatitis is characterized by necrosis involving pancreatic parenchyma and/or the peripancreatic tissue. (springeropen.com)
  • Pancreatic acinar cells metabolize alcohol into toxic metabolites via both oxidative and nonoxidative pathways and exhibit effects that predispose the cells to autodigestive injury and predispose the pancreas to necrosis, inflammation, and cell death. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Ethanol-induced pancreatitis appears to progress from inflammation to cellular necrosis, and fibrosis occurs over time. (pocketdrugguide.com)
Atrophy3
  • This condition is called PAA or pancreatic acinar cell atrophy. (insideoutdogtraining.com)
  • Another theory proposes that alcohol increases the propensity of formation of protein plugs within pancreatic ducts by altering the level of lithogenic proteins and increasing the viscosity of pancreatic secretions, causing obstruction, and, eventually, acinar atrophy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In dogs, the most common cause is pancreatic acinar atrophy , arising as a result of genetic conditions , a blocked pancreatic duct , or prior infection. (iiab.me)
Pancreas12
Chronic12
Respiratory distress2
  • Acute restrictive diseases: diffuse alveolar damage (respiratory distress syndrome of adult and infant). (unibo.it)
  • SARS-CoV-2 leads to pronounced inflammation within the lung and leads to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in a substantial proportion of those infected. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
Digestive enzymes2
  • Ductal hypertension results in aberrant activation of digestive enzymes from acinar cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Zymogen activation is mediated by lysosomal hydrolases (cathepsin B) which become co-localized with digestive enzymes in intracellular organelles leading to pancreatic acinar cell injury. (medquizzes.net)
Peripancreatic1
  • In the acute period, the fluid collection is not well defined and is simply described as acute peripancreatic fluid collection. (medscape.com)
Mild2
  • Some signs of mild pancreatitis include loss of appetite, depression, vomiting, diarrhea and weight loss. (insideoutdogtraining.com)
  • Physical findings in dogs with acute pancreatitis are very variable, ranging from depression, to mild dehydration with signs of abdominal pain, to acute abdominal crisis, shock (tachycardia, prolonged capillary refill time, tacky mucous membranes, hypothermia), petechiation, icterus and ascites. (ivis.org)
Abscess2
  • Pancreatic abscess is often a late complication of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP), occurring more than 4 weeks after the initial attack. (medscape.com)
  • Approximately 3% of patients with acute pancreatitis develop pancreatic abscess. (medscape.com)
Cytokines2
  • Release of cytokines injures the acinar cell and enhances the inflammatory response. (pocketdrugguide.com)
  • During the cascade events of activation of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators in AP, the injured cells of the lungs recruit immune cells and release cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and prostaglandins, contributing to acute inflammatory response [ 4 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Exocrine1
Zymogens1
Islet2
  • Supplemental treatments like insulin or enzymes are necessary if your dog has scarred acinar or islet cells. (insideoutdogtraining.com)
  • Although these hormones have other well-known physiologic effects, they also have important endocrine or paracrine effects on the pancreatic acini because of the islet-acinar portal venous system. (veteriankey.com)
Histologic1
  • Acute to subacute tubulointerstitial nephritis and necrotizing pancreatitis were the most frequent histologic lesions, with immunolabeling of viral antigen in renal tubular epithelial cells and pancreatic acinar epithelium. (usgs.gov)
Inflammation2
  • Acute pancreatitis is inflammation that resolves both clinically and histologically. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Injured acinar cells liberate chemoattractants that attract neutrophils, macrophages, and other cells to the area of inflammation, and increased vascular permeability promotes tissue edema. (pocketdrugguide.com)
Etiology2
Inflammatory disease1
  • Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a life-threatening inflammatory disease characterized by significant morbidity and mortality [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Gallstones1
Obstruction1
  • The precise mechanism of gallstone pancreatitis is unknown but likely involves increased pressure in the pancreatic duct caused by obstruction at the ampulla secondary to a stone or edema caused by the passage of a stone. (msdmanuals.com)
Cells3
  • Mizunuma et al (18) were first to report that intra-peritoneal (i.p.) administration of excessive doses of L-arginine (500 mg/100 g body weight) in rats selectively damage pancreatic acinar cells without any morphological change in islets of Langerhans or other organs. (pancreapedia.org)
  • The acinar cells are vital in the digestive process and without the food will not be adequately digested and nutrients will go unabsorbed. (insideoutdogtraining.com)
  • The toxic effects of bile acid itself on acinar cells might also be a mechanism. (msdmanuals.com)
Severity1
  • Monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) levels measured early in the course of acute pancreatitis are an accurate predictor of severity and death. (medquizzes.net)
Alcohol2
  • risk was once thought to increase proportionally to duration of alcohol consumption, but acute pancreatitis attacks may occur in susceptible patients after short periods of high alcohol intake. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Recent Advances in Understanding the Complexity of Alcohol-Induced Pancreatic Dysfunction and Pancreatitis Development. (ucla.edu)
Tissue2
Trypsinogen1
Complications1
Incidence of pancreatitis2
Clinical2
  • A diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is based on a combination of compatible clinical, clinicopathological and imaging findings. (ivis.org)
  • Several other diagnostic markers for pancreatitis have been developed and studied, but none can be recommended for the diagnosis of canine and feline pancreatitis in clinical practice, either because their diagnostic performance has not been sufficiently evaluated clinically, or because they have been shown to have a low sensitivity and/or specificity. (veteriankey.com)
Genetic2
Patients2
Lung injury2
Rats3
  • There are also reports in literature to indicate that even a single dose of 500 mg/100 g i.p. causes significant mortality in rats (20) while use of a double dose (2x250 mg/100 g at 1 h interval) reproducibly causes pancreatitis (20) without mortality. (pancreapedia.org)
  • The L-arginine doses used in rats did not cause pancreatitis in mice. (pancreapedia.org)
  • In this Methods entry, we describe protocols for the induction of L-arginine induced acute pancreatitis in rats and mice. (pancreapedia.org)
Occur1
Trypsin1
  • Trypsin activity governs increased susceptibility to pancreatitis in mice expressing human PRSS1R122H. (ucla.edu)
Gene expression1
  • Here, we find that persistent mtDNA stress is not associated with basally activated NF-κB signalling or interferon gene expression typical of an acute antiviral response. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Disorder2
Treatments1
  • Critical thresholds: key to unlocking the door to the prevention and specific treatments for acute pancreatitis. (ucla.edu)
Certainty1
Duration1
  • According to the latest classification, these can be divided into acute or delayed, depending on whether such a collection is of less than or more than 4 weeks' duration. (medscape.com)