Acid strains hexose sugars into bacteria. Medical search. Frequent questions

These pre-treatments are designed to allow the carbohydrate portion of the biomass to be broken down into simple sugars, for example by en-zymatic hydrolysis using exogenously added cellulases to release fermentable sugars [ 12 ]. (banksolar.ru)
Moreover, conversion of sugarcane biomass into fermentable sugars for second-generation ethanol production is a promising alternative to meet future demands of biofuel production in the country. (scielo.br)
It gives potential opportunities for improving the efficiency of converting native lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars. (biomedcentral.com)
Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars represents a major challenge in global efforts to utilize renewable resources in place of fossil fuels to meet the rising energy demands [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzymatic hydrolysis is the most common process to degrade the cellulose and hemicellulose into fermentable sugars such as glucose and xylose. (biomedcentral.com)
In Ethanol & Alcohol production process, the starches from agricultural products are converted in fermentable sugars with the help of enzymes. (sunsonenzymes.com)

In Rhizobium species, a PEPCK-deficient mutant fails to grow on minimal medium with succinate or other citric acid cycle intermediates but can grow on glucose and glycerol as a sole carbon source, suggesting that PEPCK functions here as a key gluconeogenic enzyme ( 30 ). (asm.org)
Compositional analysis revealed that sorbitol, fucose, galactose, and glucose were the neutral sugars in that lipopolysaccharide and that galactosamine and glucosamine were absent. (gerli.com)
The experimental data included four different cases: glucose, xylose, sugar mixture, and wheat straw hydrolysate (WSH) fermentations. (biomedcentral.com)
The substrate uptake rate of C. saccharolyticus on single sugar-defined media was higher on glucose compared to xylose. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, in the defined sugar mixture and WSH, the pentoses were consumed faster than glucose. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, the observation indicates a regulation system that has fundamental research relevance, since pentose and glucose uptake in C. saccharolyticus has only been described with ABC transporters, whereas previously reported diauxic growth phenomena have been correlated mainly to PTS systems for sugar uptake. (biomedcentral.com)
By crystallographic, biophysical and in vivo approaches, we show that AfuABC is in fact a cyclic hexose/heptose-phosphate transporter with high selectivity and specificity for a set of ubiquitous metabolites (glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate and sedoheptulose-7-phosphate). (rcsb.org)
Glucose is a simple sugar and an important carbohydrate in biology. (absoluteastronomy.com)

The aim of this study was to quantify uptake of pentose and hexose monosaccharides in an industrial substrate and to present a kinetic growth model of C. saccharolyticus that includes sugar uptake on defined and industrial media. (biomedcentral.com)
MECHANISMHemicellulose comprises a group of heterogenous polysaccharides made up of hexose, pentose and their derivatives. (sunsonenzymes.com)

The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of mono sugars revealed that EPS was composed of manouronic acid, glucuronic acid, xylose, and fructose at a molar ratio of 1.0:0.5:1.0:2.0, respectively. (springeropen.com)
1 unit of Xylanase equals to the amount of enzyme, which hydrolyzes xylan to get 1 μmol of reducing sugar (Calculated as xylose) in 1 min at 50℃ and pH5.0. (sunsonenzymes.com)

A polysaccharide (PS) is a carbohydrate that was primarily produced by bacteria, fungi, microalgae, and streptomycetes. (springeropen.com)
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi. (lookformedical.com)
Procedures for identifying types and strains of fungi. (lookformedical.com)
Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses). (lookformedical.com)
In vitro antifungal assays showed that rosmarinic acid had a favorable inhibitory effect on fungi. (biomedcentral.com)

Most anaerobic bacteria undergo hexose metabolism via the Emden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway (EMP) which produces pyruvate as an intermediate along with NADH. (fao.org)
The depletion of DOM over time was strongly correlated with increases in expression of many genes associated with heterotrophy (e.g., amino acid, fatty acid, and carbohydrate metabolism) belonging to a Hydrogenophaga strain that accounted for a relatively large percentage (~8%) of the metatranscriptome. (frontiersin.org)
Often, they are instead the product of the metabolism of yeast and bacteria and are modified and released in wine during the fermentation processes. (frontiersin.org)
The anaerobic decomposition of plant and animal polymers including polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids to CO 2 , H 2 O and methane requires syntrophic metabolism as an essential step. (ucla.edu)
Disruption of syntrophic metabolism significantly impacts organic matter turnover in natural and anthropogenic environments: short-chain fatty acids accumulate, the pH drops, and methane production decreases. (ucla.edu)
The transcriptomic findings exhibited that the differentially expressed genes of fungus after rosmarinic acid intervention were mainly enriched in the carbon metabolism pathway, while the proteomic findings suggested that rosmarinic acid could inhibit the average growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes by interfering with the expression of enolase in the glycolysis pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
The key findings of the present study manifested that rosmarinic acid, a medicinal compound extracted from P. frutescens , had pharmacological activity in inhibiting the growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes by affecting its enolase expression to reduce metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)

In the second stage, hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria convert the higher volatile fatty acids e.g., propionic and butyric acids, produced, to H 2 , CO 2 , and acetic acid. (fao.org)
Lipases convert lipids to long-chain fatty acids. (fao.org)
The long-chain fatty acids produced are further degraded by p-oxidation to produce acetyl CoA. (fao.org)
To address this, we use an integrated set of omics tools coupled with new informatics approaches to identify and characterize core metabolic pathways in model syntrophic communities when growing on unstudied or poorly studied classes of substrates ( i.e. , amino acids, carboxylates, and long chain fatty acids). (ucla.edu)
In this multi-stage process, fermentative bacteria hydrolyze the polymeric substrates present in all anaerobic habitats and then ferment the hydrolysis products to acetate and longer chain fatty acids, alcohols, aromatic compounds, CO 2 , formate, and H 2 . (ucla.edu)
The other groups are substituted (in Escherichia) with hydroxylated fatty acids as hydroxymyristate (two ester-linked and two amide-linked) and normal fatty acids (laurate). (gerli.com)
Although the hydroxylated fatty acids are generally 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids, 2-hydroxyalkanoic acids are also common. (gerli.com)
Branched-chain hydroxy fatty acids are also present in Pseudomonas , Moraxella , Desulfovibrio , Capnocytophaga , Flavobacterium , Legionella species (3-OH i-11:0 up to3-OH i-17:0). (gerli.com)
Few unsaturated hydroxy fatty acids have been described, but 2-OH-18:1 is present in some Pseudomonas and Azospirillum species. (gerli.com)

Photosynthetic rates were higher under warm temperatures irrespective of mycorrhizal inoculation, but sugars and proteins in leaves decreased in -M plants under these environmental conditions. (unav.edu)
Minerals, proteins, sugars, and phenolic compounds were measured in grains of peas and faba beans, and in pods of snap beans. (unav.edu)
Under ECO2, grains of pea and faba bean increased levels of proteins and phenolics, respectively, and the sugars-to-protein ratio decreased in pods of snap beans. (unav.edu)
Name the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. (studymode.com)

This prevents undesirable bacterial strains from producing "off" flavors. (wikipedia.org)
Three key compounds commonly found in the samples, namely gallic acid, quercitrin, and corosolic acid, did not exhibit significant antibacterial activity when assessed individually or in combination with antibiotics against clinical bacterial strains. (biomedcentral.com)

3- carbon monosaccharides are called triose sugars. (studymode.com)
6-carbon monosaccharides are called hexose sugars. (studymode.com)

There are great research opportunities in production processes of the first-generation ethanol regarding high-value added products, cost reduction and selection of new industrial yeast strains that are more robust and customized for each distillery. (scielo.br)
Use of Pseudocereals Preferment Made with Aromatic Yeast Strains for Enhancing Wheat Bread Quality. (omicsdi.org)
The purpose of our study was to optimize the fermentation of quinoa and amaranth flours with non-conventional yeast strains in order to obtain a preferment with high potential in enhancing nutritional, textural and sensorial features of white wheat bread. (omicsdi.org)
Both aromatic yeast strains revealed good performance on fermenting pseudocereal substrates. (omicsdi.org)
Non-Conventional Yeast Strains Increase the Aroma Complexity of Bread. (omicsdi.org)
Hence, there is a growing interest in non-conventional yeast strains that can help generate the diversity and complexity desired in today's diversified and consumer-driven markets. (omicsdi.org)
Here, we selected a set of non-conventional yeast strains to examine their potential for bread fermentation. (omicsdi.org)

Results A lignocellulose degrading strain isolated from thermophilic compost was identified as Geobacillus stearothermophilus B5, which could secrete considerable enzymes at the optimal temperature (60°C) and pH (7.5). (researchsquare.com)

Better control of fermentation conditions can reduce the stress conditions for yeast cells and contamination by bacteria and wild yeasts. (scielo.br)
Usually, aromatic yeasts are designed to ferment wheat substrates for baking purposes but identification of new substrates for these strains and consequently new formulations for dough could lead to diversified bakery products with improved nutritional qualities and specific sensorial properties. (omicsdi.org)
Here, we tested ten non-conventional yeasts for bread fermentation, including two Saccharomyces species that are not currently used in bread making and 8 non-Saccharomyces strains. (omicsdi.org)
These results demonstrate the potential of T. delbrueckii and S. bayanus as alternative yeasts for bread dough leavening, and provide a general experimental framework for the evaluation of more yeasts and bacteria. (omicsdi.org)
Yeasts lack chlorophyll and are unable to manufacture by photosynthesis from inorganic substrates the organic compounds required for growth, as do higher plants, algae, and even some bacteria. (biologydiscussion.com)

Le génome de C. phytofermentans code pour 171 enzymes qui dégradent les polysaccharides (CAZymes), soulignant l'ensemble complexe d'enzymes nécessaires pour transformer la biomasse en sucres. (cea.fr)

Limited genomic sequencing is planned for other poorly characterized syntrophic strains to further dissect and predict their metabolic potential along with associated cell-cell interactions within the anaerobic communities. (ucla.edu)

Malolactic conversion (also known as malolactic fermentation or MLF) is a process in winemaking in which tart-tasting malic acid, naturally present in grape must, is converted to softer-tasting lactic acid. (wikipedia.org)
A few years ago, I was asked to explain lactic acid fermentation in sourdough, and the difference between homo- and heterofermentation. (thefreshloaf.com)
Alternatively, processes using cellulolytic microorganisms (such as C. cellulolyticum, C. thermocellum, and C. phytofermentans) to carry out both the hydrolysis of lignocelluloses and sugar fermentation in a single step, termed 'Consolidated Bioprocessing Process (CBP)' [ 12 ] have been proposed, how-ever the development of these is still at an early stage, and again low conversion rates seem to be a major limitation that needs to be overcome. (banksolar.ru)
A description of microorganisms involved in methane fermentation, based on an analysis of bacteria isolated from sewage sludge digesters and from the rumen of some animals, is summarized in Fig. 4-1. (fao.org)
Currently, the main role of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in wine is to conduct the malolactic fermentation (MLF). (frontiersin.org)
We investigated the effect of yeast glycerol production level on bread dough fermentation capacity of a commercial bakery strain and a laboratory strain. (omicsdi.org)
In contrast, overexpression of GPD1 in the laboratory strain results in increased fermentation rates in high-sugar dough and improved gas retention in the fermenting bread dough. (omicsdi.org)
Genome-Assisted Characterization of Lactobacillus fermentum, Weissella cibaria, and Weissella confusa Strains Isolated from Sorghum as Starters for Sourdough Fermentation. (omicsdi.org)
Nous cherchons à comprendre les systèmes qu'utilisent C. phytofermentans pour fermenter la biomasse en combinant les mesures à haut débit de l'expression des gènes comme la protéomique ( Tolonen and Haas, 2014 ), la transcriptomique ( Boutard et al, 2014 ), et la métabolomique avec des analyses de la croissance, la fermentation et la microscopie (figure 1A). (cea.fr)

The primary function of all these bacteria is to convert L-malic acid, one of the two major grape acids found in wine, to another type of acid, L+ lactic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Malic acid is typically associated with the taste of green apples, while lactic acid is richer and more buttery tasting. (wikipedia.org)
Grapes produced in cool regions tend to be high in acidity, much of which comes from the contribution of malic acid. (wikipedia.org)
While Pasteur did notice an acid reduction in wine with the lactic bacteria, he did not link that process to a consumption of malic acid by the bacteria, but rather assumed it was just tartrate precipitation. (wikipedia.org)
In Escherichia coli , besides the PEPCK reaction, there is another pathway to form PEP from C 4 -dicarboxylic acid which involves the NAD- and NADP-dependent malic enzymes (MAEA and MAEB) and phosphoenolpyruvate synthase (PPS). (asm.org)
The main role of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in wine has traditionally been to perform the conversion of malic acid to lactic acid. (frontiersin.org)

Our study shows that AfuABC-dependent uptake of sugar-phosphates plays a critical role during enteric bacterial infection and uncovers previously unrecognized roles for these metabolites as important contributors to successful pathogenesis. (rcsb.org)
Transformation was assessed by the standard parameters of morphological alteration, increased hexose uptake, loss of density inhibition, and anchorage-independent growth. (embl.de)

To augment ethanol production by the ET strain, an alternative ethanol production pathway comprised of pyruvate decarboxylase (Pdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhB) from Zymomonas mobilis (Fig. 4A) was transferred into C. phytofermentans on the replicating pQexpE plasmid (Fig. 4B). (researchgate.net)
Expression of pQexpE increased cellulolysis by ϳ 30% in both the WT and ET strains (Fig. 5A) and boosted ethanol production by 70% relative to the ET strain ( P Ͻ 0.01), thereby restoring ethanol yields to WT levels (Fig. 5B). (researchgate.net)

the disease-causing bacterium was isolated and its morphological, physiological and biochemical characters were determined. (liverpool.ac.uk)

indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA) and cytokinins (CK). (bio-fit.eu)

A R. palustris No. 7 PEPCK-deficient strain showed growth characteristics identical to those of the wild-type strain either anaerobically in the light or aerobically in the dark when a C 4 -dicarboxylic acid, such as succinate or malate, was used as a carbon source. (asm.org)
Strains deficient in all three enzymes cannot grow on C 4 -dicarboxylic acids as a sole carbon source, whereas strains retaining one of these enzymes are still able to grow ( 14 ). (asm.org)
In most organisms, the major hydroxy acids are straight-chain, even-carbon compounds (from 12 to 18 carbon atoms). (gerli.com)
Odd-carbon acids are minor components (13 to 17 carbon atoms) in some enterobacteria, some Vibrio , some Pseudomonads and Bordetella . (gerli.com)
Sugars are the main source of carbon and energy, but they also have signaling functions [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hexokinase (HXK) is a glycolytic regulatory enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible phosphorylation reaction of D-hexoses at the sixth carbon using ATP-Mg 2+ as a phosphate donor. (biomedcentral.com)

However, in commercial winemaking, malolactic conversion typically is initiated by an inoculation of desirable bacteria, usually O. oeni. (wikipedia.org)

Mangrovibacterium diazotrophicum DSM 27148 is a mesophilic bacterium that was isolated from mangrove sediment. (dsmz.de)

yeast-a wine yeast strain and a beer yeast strain-commercialized for their aromatic properties were used. (omicsdi.org)

One approach to un-locking the potential in this abundant feedstock is to separate the lignin from the carbohydrate fraction of the biomass via extensive pre-treatment of the lignocellulose involving, for exam-ple, steam-explosion and/or acid hydrolysis. (banksolar.ru)

The agriculturally useful microbial populations cover plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria, mycorrhiza, plant disease suppressive beneficial bacteria, stress-tolerant endophytes and biodegrading microbes. (bio-fit.eu)
Or seulement 2% de la biomasse cellulosique est actuellement utilisée par l'homme, elle représente une vaste ressource potentielle que les microbes industriels pourraient convertir en biocarburants et bioproduits ( Pauly & Keegstra, 2008 ). (cea.fr)

The pckA gene, encoding the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), was cloned by PCR amplification from the purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris No. 7. (asm.org)
Therefore, the dramatic changes of sugar type and concentration during the germination process undoubtedly regulates the enzyme activity and the pattern of gene expression of several enzymes [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Starch sugar is the sugar produced by starch as the raw material and the enzyme preparation is widely used in the preduction of starch sugar. (sunsonenzymes.com)

This reaction is the first step in the gluconeogenic pathway, in which citric acid cycle intermediates are converted to hexose. (asm.org)
Conversely, PEPCK also functions in the anaplerotic pathway of some organisms, such as Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens ( 37 ), Alcaligenes eutrophus ( 39 ), Ruminococcus flavefaciens ( 40 ), Dipetalonema viteae ( 4 ), and Trypanosoma cruzi ( 6 ), where it forms OAA from PEP, which in turn enters the citric acid cycle. (asm.org)

Hexoses and pentoses are generally converted to C 2 and C 3 intermediates and to reduced electron carriers (e.g. (fao.org)

The production of hexose 6 phosphate is a key node in different pathways that are required for a successful germination. (biomedcentral.com)
N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. (ymdb.ca)

The fatty acid profiles of lipopolysaccharides differ markedly from those of the phospholipids from the same species. (gerli.com)

Plant defenses against pathogens are regulated at the molecular level by a network of interconnecting signal transduction pathways, of which salicylic acid (SA) is an important component [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Many of the most highly expressed hydrolases belonged to a Ca . Bathyarchaeota strain and may have been associated with recycling of bacterial biomass. (frontiersin.org)

Émile Peynaud furthered enology understanding of the process and soon cultured stock of beneficial lactic acid bacteria was available for winemakers to use. (wikipedia.org)
450 Billion live lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria*, maltose, anti-caking agent: silicon dioxide. (healthinista.co.za)

A) SDS-PAGE gel of purified Cphy3925 from the wild-type (WT) and ET (G609D) strains showing single bands of the expected 95-kDa molecular mass. (researchgate.net)
Several strains of PVY have been isolated that differ at the molecular and biological levels. (biomedcentral.com)
The binding modes and interactions between rosmarinic acid and enolase were preliminary explored by molecular docking analysis. (biomedcentral.com)

This Hydrogenophaga strain also expressed genes indicative of chemolithoautotrophy, including CO 2 fixation, H 2 oxidation, S-compound oxidation, and denitrification. (frontiersin.org)

PEPCKs have been generally classified according to their nucleotide specificities: enzymes from bacteria, yeast, and plants mainly use adenosine nucleotides, but enzymes from a variety of eukaryotes and mammals use guanosine or inosine phosphates ( 24 ). (asm.org)

A previous study reported an ethanol-tolerant C. thermocellum strain with AdhE mutations (P704L and H735R) that shifted the cofactor specificity from NADH to NADPH, which was proposed to confer ethanol resistance by altering the internal redox balance (9). (researchgate.net)
The latter region of the LPS molecule is responsible for bacterial serological strain specificity. (gerli.com)

Purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) are metabolically versatile organisms which are able to grow either aerobically in the dark or anaerobically in the light using hydrogen or organic compounds as electron donors and subsequently fixing CO 2 ( 16 ). (asm.org)
These are organic compounds containing a sugar linked to a chain through N-acyl group. (ymdb.ca)

From the six HXKs analyzed here, only ZmHXK9 has minimal hexose phosphorylating activity even though enzymatic function of all isoforms (ZmHXK4-9) was confirmed using a yeast complementation approach. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, their individual effects and synergistic potential in combination with antibiotics were examined against clinical strains of both S. aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii . (biomedcentral.com)
Extracts and phases obtained from the medicinal plant M. albicans demonstrated synergistic effects when combined with the commercial antibiotics ampicillin and ciprofloxacin, against multi-drug resistant bacteria S. aureus and A. baumannii , restoring their antibacterial efficacy. (biomedcentral.com)
7,16 It has achieved healing of wounds not responding to conventional therapy with antibiotics and antiseptics 8,13,15,17-19 , including wounds infected with bacteria resistant to antibiotics, 14 such as MRSA. (5doc.co)

Notre recherche se concentre principalement sur le modèle microbien Clostridium phytofermentans , un mésophile des sols forestiers qui fermente des composants de la biomasse (cellulose, hémicelluloses, les pectines et amidon) en éthanol et hydrogène ( Warnick et al, 2002 Tolonen et al, 2013 ). (cea.fr)

In plants, most of this phosphorus is stored in a complex molecule known as phytic acid, or phytate. (infogm.org)
Therefore, new treatments are urgently needed to deal with multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR), and, in this scenario, plants can provide a valuable source of bioactive molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
Only in +M plants mature berries maintained the balance of sugars to organic acids and increased the Arg-to Pro-ratio under elevated temperatures. (unav.edu)

Based on the chemical profile analysis, 32 compounds were successfully or tentatively identified, including gallic and ellagic acid derivatives, flavonol glycosides, triterpenes and pheophorbides. (biomedcentral.com)

The mutated Cphy3925 lost NAD(H)-dependent activities, but, unlike the mutated AdhE in C. thermocellum , the G609D mutation did not result in NADPH-dependent ADH activity (Fig. 3B to E). Instead, our results support the notion that the ET strain arrested AdhE-mediated interconversion of acetyl-CoA, acetaldehyde, and ethanol, which helps explain why the C. phytofermentans ET strain had lower ethanol yield. (researchgate.net)

A wine undergoing malolactic conversion will be cloudy because of the presence of bacteria, and may have the smell of buttered popcorn, the result of the production of diacetyl. (wikipedia.org)

Our findings reveal that M. albicans exhibits remarkable adjuvant potential for enhancing the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs against resistant bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms18

Chemicals and Drugs27

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Phenomena and Processes30

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science5

Health Care6

Fermentable sugars6

Glucose8

Pentose2

Xylose2

Fungi5

Metabolism7

Fatty acids9

Proteins4

Bacterial strains2

Monosaccharides2

Yeast strains7

Thermophilic1

Yeasts5

Polysaccharides1

Anaerobic1

Fermentation9

Malic6

Uptake2

Ethanol production2

Morphological1

Acetic acid1

Carbon6

Inoculation1

Mangrove1

Aromatic1

Carbohydrate1

Microbes2

Enzyme3

Pathway2

Pentoses1

Phosphate2

Species1

Pathways1

Biomass1

Lactic acid2

Molecular3

Expressed genes1

Nucleotides1

Specificity2

Organic compounds2

Enzymatic1

Antibiotics3

Clostridium1

Plants3

Derivatives1

Explain1

Malolactic1

Reveal1