• or anabolic - the building up (synthesis) of compounds (such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids). (wikipedia.org)
  • It seems that not until the technologies for working with nucleic acids and proteins are better integrated will their researchers be more connected than they are now. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Here we introduce a platform for the detection of nucleic acids based on a magnetic barcoding strategy. (cdc.gov)
  • Proteins are made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain joined by peptide bonds. (wikipedia.org)
  • The second step is transfer of the now activated aminoacyl groups to cognate tRNAs to be ferried to the ribosomes by chaperone proteins. (tutordale.com)
  • Transfer of P as the PO32 group opens the biological world of phosphate monoesters brought about by phosphoryl transfer enzymes and includes all the kinases for low molecular weight metabolites and for proteins in their myriads. (tutordale.com)
  • A novel multi-target ligand (JM-20) protects mitochondrial integrity, inhibits brain excitatory amino acid release and reduces cerebral ischemia injury in vitro and in vivo. (harvard.edu)
  • Effect of propofol on spinal excitatory amino acid accumulation]. (harvard.edu)
  • An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. (nih.gov)
  • We report a novel T14687C mutation in the mitochondrial transfer ribonucleic acid glutamic acid gene in a 16-year-old boy with myopathy and lactic acidosis, retinopathy, and progressive respiratory failure leading to death. (nih.gov)
  • Activation of amino acids and synthesis of amino- acyl-transfer ribonucleic acids. (leedonss.com)
  • In protein biosynthesis acyl-transfer ribonucleic acids (trna's) were used as amino acid precursors. (leedonss.com)
  • For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. (wikipedia.org)
  • RNA-like oligonucleotides that are complementary to a portion of a target mRNA molecule. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • More specifically, antisense oligonucleotides that are useful as reagents for target validation , or as drugs, are engineered molecules that differ from natural RNA but that have a base sequence that is recognized as being complementary to a very specific mRNA sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • 22. Joining of 3'-modified oligonucleotides by T4 RNA ligase. (cas.cz)
  • Lipids are the polymers of fatty acids[citation needed] that contain a long, non-polar hydrocarbon chain with a small polar region containing oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
  • a glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acids by ester linkages is called a triacylglyceride. (wikipedia.org)
  • To a lesser degree, cholesterol and odd-chain fatty acids also contribute to propionyl-CoA levels. (medscape.com)
  • While most enzymes can recognize and cleave N-acylated aminoacyl- tRNAs, they are not able to act on N-formyl-methionyl-tRNA. (expasy.org)
  • Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are enzymes that join amino acids to tRNAs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 87(5): 1663-1667] Specifically, the investigators started by priming whole cerebellar RNA with a synthetic oligonucleotide containing a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • A complementary RNA sequence that binds to a naturally occurring (sense) mRNA molecule, thus blocking its translation. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • RNA which contains an intron sequence that has an enzyme- like catalytic activity. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Most of the structures that make up animals, plants and microbes are made from four basic classes of molecules: amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acid and lipids (often called fats). (wikipedia.org)
  • Because alternative RNA splicing allows different types of mRNA molecules to be created from a single gene, it generates the diversity of protein function and structure that is essential to complex organisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Two key biologic classes of phosphodiesters are RNA and DNA molecules. (tutordale.com)
  • Propionic acidemia is an autosomal recessive, inherited, metabolic disorder that is caused by a defective form of the enzyme propionyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase, which results in the accumulation of propionic acid . (medscape.com)
  • Other papers discuss messenger rna and its translation, dna-dependent cell-free protein synthesis, as well as the genetics of the translational apparatus. (leedonss.com)
  • Accumulation of propionic acid apparently results in an abnormal cytochrome-c oxidase. (medscape.com)
  • Amino acids also contribute to cellular energy metabolism by providing a carbon source for entry into the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), especially when a primary source of energy, such as glucose, is scarce, or when cells undergo metabolic stress. (wikipedia.org)
  • All of the three billion dXMP base pairs in the human DNA genomes and the billions of XMP base pairs in all the classes of cellular RNAs are formed enzymatically by nucleotidyl transfer enzymes. (tutordale.com)
  • Aspartic acid has been regarded as an excitatory transmitter for many years, but the extent of its role as a transmitter is unclear. (harvard.edu)
  • Excitatory Amino Acids" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
  • Oxamic Acid" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • Analogously, the activation of each of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids to serve as building blocks in the ribosome-based protein biosynthetic nanomachinery starts with nucleotidyl transfers. (tutordale.com)
  • Subsequently, question is, what is an acid and a base in biology? (tutordale.com)
  • Most recently, GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid) advanced nucleic acid-based detection by integrating PCR and a highly sensitive molecular-beacon assay into a single, automated system. (cdc.gov)
  • Acids have a higher concentration of hydronium ions than pure water, and a pH lower than 7. (tutordale.com)
  • Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein facilitates transfer of bacterial cell wall components to inflammatory cells. (medscape.com)
  • suggested that metabolites of the dysfunctional propionic acid and methylmalonic acid pathways may be selectively toxic to the endothelial cells in the basal ganglia. (medscape.com)
  • Some solutions are acids , some are bases . (tutordale.com)
  • Most bases are minerals that react with acids to form water and salts. (tutordale.com)
  • Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • A base is a substance that can neutralize the acid by reacting with hydrogen ions. (tutordale.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that high AG, even after adjusting for serum bicarbonate, is a contributing acid-base mechanism to CKD progression in moderate CKD. (cdc.gov)
  • Mammalian aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: cell signaling functions of the protein translation machinery. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Excitatory Amino Acids" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Excitatory Amino Acids" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Oxamic Acid" by people in this website by year, and whether "Oxamic Acid" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Excitatory Amino Acids" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Oxamic Acid" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
  • They assist in elongating the nascent polypeptide chain by one amino. (leedonss.com)
  • Amino acids which have a branched carbon chain. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Those nucleotidyl transferases, known as RNA polymerases or DNA polymerases, respectively, offer up NTPs or dNTPs for attack at P by the 3-OH of the terminal XMP or dXMP residue in the growing RNA or DNA chain. (tutordale.com)
  • More recently, another group of researchers reported that they had developed a process for optimizing low- abundance RNA, by combining aRNA amplification with template- switching. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. (harvard.edu)
  • Toxic buildup of propionic acid can be found in the brain and other parts of the nervous system. (medscape.com)
  • Researchers at Stanford University used such a method to produce amplified heterogeneous populations of RNA from limited quantities of cDNA. (genomicglossaries.com)