• STABILITY Stable in acid or neutral solutions, unstable in alkaline solutions. (inchem.org)
  • The combined effect of diet and temperature did not alter the metabolic plasma profile, except for the observed final higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values when combining high dietary lipid (L21) and temperature changes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The activity of succinic and lactic dehydrogenases and contents of glycogen, cholesterol and phospholipids were markedly reduced while no significant change was seen in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases and protein content in treated rats as compared to con-trols. (go.jp)
  • There was no corresponding response in the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase, or in the rate of protein and RNA synthesis. (rupress.org)
  • Additionally, an increase in plant P (2%), available soil P (4.7%) and alkaline phosphatase (6%) activity was observed in PSB-inoculated plants supplemented with RP. (ufz.de)
  • Generally, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), COL1A1, BSP, RUNX2, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFB1), osteonectin (ON), and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) are known to be early markers of osteoblastic differentiation, whereas OC and osteopontin (OPN) are expressed later in the differentiation process [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a protein that helps produce energy in the body. (limamemorial.org)
  • Compared with normal human serum specimens, we found that in thyroid cyst fluid specimens the activities of acid phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, amylase, and lactate dehydrogenase, and the concentrations of iron and total bilirubin were highly increased. (avmi.net)
  • A chemistry panel and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level should be obtained. (medscape.com)
  • Other associated proteins control the activity of the complex: pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase turns on (activates) the complex, while pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase turns off (inhibits) the complex. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some significant changes in the blood biochemistry parameters were found in the treatment groups including levels in bile acid, haptoglobin, total serum protein, and GTT, as well as creatine kinase activity, but those changes were not toxicologically significant because no observed changes were seen in other similar biomarkers. (scirp.org)
  • We studied the impact of modulating the activity of the BCKDH kinase (BDK) and phosphatase (PPM1K) on amino acid, glucose and lipid metabolism in Zucker fatty rats (ZFR). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Compared with 0.40% dietary methionine, 1.28% methionine enhanced the mRNA levels of the hepatic gluconeogenesis related genes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase, and the muscular glycolysis related genes phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK). (researchsquare.com)
  • The BCKD enzyme complex, which is associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane, has 3 different catalytic components (ie, E1, E2, E3) and 2 associated regulatory enzymes (ie, BCKD phosphatase, BCKD kinase). (medscape.com)
  • Mutations in the genes that provide instructions for E1 beta (the PDHB gene), the E2 enzyme (the DLAT gene), E3 binding protein (the PDHX gene), and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase (the PDP1 gene) have been identified in people with this condition. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Our phosphoproteomic analysis identified the protein phosphatase, PPm1K, as a novel regulator of RPS6 phosphorylation. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Since levodopa competes with certain amino acids for transport across the gut wall, the absorption of levodopa may be impaired in some patients on a high protein diet. (nih.gov)
  • Strong associations exist between branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism, but underlying mechanisms are not well understood. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • While a near infinite combination of ingredients can exist, most multi-nutrient formulations contain a combination of key ingredients such as creatine monohydrate, amino acids, betaine, selected botanicals and plant extracts, carbohydrates, and caffeine [ 3 - 6 ]. (medsci.org)
  • Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), also known as branched-chain ketoaciduria, is an aminoacidopathy due to an enzyme defect in the catabolic pathway of the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. (medscape.com)
  • Accumulation of these 3 amino acids and their corresponding alpha-keto acids leads to encephalopathy and progressive neurodegeneration in untreated infants. (medscape.com)
  • In the following years, Dancis et al identified the pathogenetic compounds as branched-chain amino acids and their corresponding alpha-keto acids. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] In 1960, Dancis et al demonstrated that the enzymatic defect in maple syrup urine disease was at the level of the decarboxylation of the branched-chain amino acids. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 ] Snyderman et al initiated the first successful dietary treatment of maple syrup urine disease by restricting oral intake of branched-chain amino acids. (medscape.com)
  • Enzyme assays were conducted to measure dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities, and similar assays were performed for fluorescein diacetate (FDA) activity to assess potential degradation of complex organics. (usda.gov)
  • The E1 enzyme, also called pyruvate dehydrogenase, is composed of four parts (subunits): two alpha subunits (called E1 alpha) and two beta subunits (called E1 beta). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Special attention was paid to the up-regulated ACACB (acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta), a key enzyme in the fatty acid synthesis/oxidation balance. (nih.gov)
  • [ 7 ] The branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) enzyme complex was purified and characterized in 1978. (medscape.com)
  • Maple syrup urine disease is caused by a deficiency of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) enzyme complex, which catalyses the decarboxylation of the alpha-keto acids of leucine, isoleucine, and valine to their respective branched-chain acyl-CoAs. (medscape.com)
  • People who live to 100 years have lower measures of creatinine, glucose and uric acid in their blood compared to those with a comparatively shorter lifespan, researchers say. (medicaldaily.com)
  • Together our data identify a new role for the phosphatase PPm1K as a glucose sensitive modulator of RPS6 phosphorylation and protein translation that impacts beta cell insulin content and secretion. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • qPCR primers were designed for PS marker genes glucose dehydrogenase (gcd), pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthesis protein C (pqqC) and phosphatase (pho). (ufz.de)
  • Methionine is an essential amino acid, that affects the metabolism of protein, lipid and glucose. (researchsquare.com)
  • The systematic name is [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)]-phosphate phosphohydrolase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other names in common use include pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase, phosphopyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase, [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)]-phosphatase, and [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)]-phosphate phosphohydrolase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency is characterized by the buildup of a chemical called lactic acid in the body and a variety of neurological problems. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency usually have neurological problems as well. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Because of the severe health effects, many individuals with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency do not survive past childhood, although some may live into adolescence or adulthood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The genes involved in pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency each provide instructions for making a protein that is a component of a group of proteins called the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex converts a molecule called pyruvate, which is formed from the breakdown of carbohydrates, into another molecule called acetyl-CoA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is made up of multiple copies of several enzymes called E1, E2, and E3, each of which performs part of the chemical reaction that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in the gene that provides instructions for making E1 alpha, the PDHA1 gene, are the most common cause of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, accounting for approximately 80 percent of cases. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A decrease in functional E1 alpha leads to reduced activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Other components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are also involved in pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As with PDHA1 gene mutations, changes in these other genes lead to a reduction of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity. (medlineplus.gov)
  • With decreased function of this complex, pyruvate builds up and is converted in another chemical reaction to lactic acid. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The brain, which requires especially large amounts of energy, is severely affected, resulting in the neurological problems associated with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The E3 component is associated with 2 additional alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes, namely pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. (medscape.com)
  • Mutations in E3 cause additional deficiencies of pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenases. (medscape.com)
  • The most common feature is a potentially life-threatening buildup of lactic acid (lactic acidosis), which can cause nausea, vomiting, severe breathing problems, and an abnormal heartbeat. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The excess lactic acid causes lactic acidosis in affected individuals. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is worth noting that we have found the key upstream target of DOX-induced HF, PTP1B, which inhibits the expression of HIF-1α by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IRS, leading to disorders of fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis, which together with the decrease of Nrf2, SOD, Cytc, and AK4 proteins lead to oxidative stress. (frontiersin.org)
  • The expression levels of LPIN1-target genes [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors delta and alpha (PPARδ, PPARα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, very long (ACADVL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase IB and 2 (CPT1B and CPT2)] were not affected while lipin-2 protein level, a closely related member of the family, was increased. (nih.gov)
  • Uric acid is a chemical created when the body breaks down substances called purines. (limamemorial.org)
  • Stalevo, a combination drug consisting of levodopa (aromatic amino acid), carbidopa (aromatic amino acid decarboxylation inhibitor), and entacapone (catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor) is indicated for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. (nih.gov)
  • Carbidopa, an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylation, is a white, crystalline compound, slightly soluble in water, with a molecular weight of 244.3. (nih.gov)
  • Correlation analysis showed that DOX-induced HF mainly affected phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and other metabolic pathways, suggesting abnormal amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and glycerol phospholipid metabolism. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, 1.28% dietary methionine significantly induced fatty acid β-oxidation and lipolysis of the liver and muscle via increased carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha, lipoprotein lipase and lipase expression levels. (researchsquare.com)
  • Here we show that primary myoblasts from lipin-1-deficient patients exhibit a dramatic decrease in LPIN1 expression and phosphatidic acid phosphatase 1 activity, and a significant accumulation of lipid droplets (LD). (nih.gov)
  • Daily administration of a selective inhibitor of BDK, BT2 (20mg.kg -1 , IP), for one week or expression of a recombinant adenovirus overexpressing PPM1K significantly lowered BCAA and branched chain keto acid (BCKA) levels in ZFR. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Lowering phosphorylation of PPm1K's classical target, ser293 of the branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) with the small molecule, BT2, also did not impact the effect of PPm1K knockdown to increase RPS6 phosphorylation. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Plant cover was determined and once this assay time had elapsed, four enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase and urease) of the soil and biomass weight was analyzed. (copernicus.org)
  • W186 + W196 and W196 treatments significantly enhanced soil acid phosphatase (S-ACP) activity. (bvsalud.org)
  • One factor contributing to elevated BCAA in obesity is inhibitory phosphorylation of the branched chain keto-acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDH) in liver. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Carbidopa reduces the amount of levodopa required to produce a given response by about 75% and, when administered with levodopa, increases both plasma levels and the plasma half-life of levodopa, and decreases plasma and urinary dopamine and homovanillic acid. (nih.gov)
  • Besides, W186 + W196 treatment significantly induced dehydrogenase (S-DHA) activity. (bvsalud.org)
  • We demonstrated that overexpression of ACACB was associated with free fatty acid accumulation in patients' myoblasts whereas malonyl-carnitine (as a measure of malonyl-CoA) and CPT1 activity were in the normal range in basal conditions accordingly to the normal daily activity reported by the patients. (nih.gov)
  • A differentiation in the some enzymatic activities (e.g. dehydrogenase and urease) with the nanoparticles type was verified. (copernicus.org)
  • Both erythrocyte and hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activities were simultaneously determined on mice administered 0.02% (w/v) lead in the drinking water. (go.jp)
  • 6 ] Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells (MNCs) that remove the old/weakened bones by acid decalcification and proteolytic degradation. (e-jbm.org)