• Background: Rapid NAT2 acetylation has been considered as a risk factor for developing colon cancer in a number of studies, however the overall results of such studies are inconsistent. (medscimonit.com)
  • To clarify the influence of NAT2 rapid acetylation status on colon cancer risk, we have performed a metaanalysis of 20 published case-control studies (4431 cases, 4547 controls). (medscimonit.com)
  • Material/Methods: Odd ratio was employed to evaluate the risk of colon cancer and NAT2 rapid acetylation status. (medscimonit.com)
  • 4,4'-methylenedianiline-induced hepatotoxicity is modified by N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) acetylator polymorphism in the rat. (nih.gov)
  • MDA undergoes N-acetylation catalyzed by N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) and 2 (NAT2) in the liver. (nih.gov)
  • Cigarette smoking is a route of exposure to aryl aromatic amine carcinogens that can be activated by the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) and NAT1 and NAT2 (N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2) genes. (health.am)
  • Genetic polymorphism in the NAT2 gene is responsible for pronounced interindividual differences in the acetylation activity of the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) enzyme, which plays a crucial role in the metabolism of many clinically useful drugs and exogenous chemicals. (unige.ch)
  • Up to now, most association studies that have attempted to relate the acetylation phenotype in NAT2 to a variety of complex human disorders have led to contradictory results in different populations. (unige.ch)
  • N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene polymorphisms in colon and lung cancer patients. (cdc.gov)
  • Joint effects of the N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2 (NAT1 and NAT2) genes and smoking on bladder carcinogenesis: a literature-based systematic HuGE review and evidence synthesis. (cdc.gov)
  • A meta-analysis of the association of N-acetyltransferase 2 gene (NAT2) variants with breast cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • GSTM1 null and NAT2 slow acetylation genotypes, smoking intensity and bladder cancer risk: results from the New England bladder cancer study and NAT2 meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs) transfer an acetyl group to the N-termini of proteins, and the major NATs in yeast and humans are NatA, NatB, and NatC. (hindawi.com)
  • An RNAi knockdown of the Trypanosoma brucei ( T. brucei ) NatC catalytic subunit indicated that reduced NatC-mediated N-terminal acetylation of target proteins reduces parasite growth. (hindawi.com)
  • The p300 protein ensures the DNA is ready for transcription by attaching a small molecule called an acetyl group (a process called acetylation) to proteins called histones. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Lysine acetylation had been studied mainly on specific proteins such as histones, p53, or tubulin. (sciencewatch.com)
  • In fact, our study revealed more than 3,600 specific lysine acetylation sites on 1,750 proteins in three human cell lines. (sciencewatch.com)
  • The paper revealed the nature and extent of a relatively little studied "cellular control system," namely the modification of thousands of proteins by lysine acetylation. (sciencewatch.com)
  • Researchers are also using our data set to directly probe for the function of the acetylation sites in proteins of their interest. (sciencewatch.com)
  • An organellar Nα-acetyltransferase, Naa60, acetylates cytosolic n termini of transmembrane proteins and maintains golgi integrity. (uib.no)
  • N-acetyl amino acids can be produced either via direct synthesis of specific N-acetyltransferases or via the proteolytic degradation of N-acetylated proteins by specific hydrolases. (hmdb.ca)
  • 21750686 ). Several proteins from prokaryotes and archaea are also modified by N-terminal acetylation. (hmdb.ca)
  • These findings highlight acetylation as a posttranslational modification affecting numerous proteins. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Both these organisms, which have invasive abilities, can secrete proteins with putative acetyltransferase and methyltransferase functions which can have implications for host/virus epigenetic modulation. (llu.edu)
  • Whereas phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination and lysine acetylation regulate the activity of target proteins after translation, modification by Nt acetylation occurs during the translation of the target proteins [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) enzymes regulate the acetylation of histones and non-histone proteins. (mobitec.com)
  • Recently, histone proteins were found to undergo succinylation, adding to other well-known PTMs such as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation. (hindawi.com)
  • Since the first identification of ε -acetylation of lysine in histone proteins [ 1 , 2 ], several hundred protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) have been identified in both histone and nonhistone proteins. (hindawi.com)
  • Arylamine N -acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) is a drug metabolizing enzyme that influences cancer cell proliferation and survival, especially in breast cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and Sirtuins (SIRT) may have an important role on the NAT1 acetylation status, affecting its catalytic capacity and having an impact on the downstream functions of this protein. (nih.gov)
  • The aim of the present work is to investigate the acetylation status of NAT1 in human breast cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Acetylation of NAT1 protein was evaluated following an immunoprecipitation protocol and acetyl-Lysine quantification. (nih.gov)
  • N-acetyltransferases are cytosolic enzymes found in the liver and many tissues of most mammalian species, except the dog and fox, which cannot acetylate xenobiotics.Acetyl groups are important in the conjugation of metabolites from the liver, to allow excretion of the byproducts (phase II metabolism). (wikipedia.org)
  • These polymorphisms modify the stability and/ or catalytic activity of enzymes that alter acetylation rates for drugs and xenobiotics, a trait called acetylator phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
  • 16465618 ). In addition to the NAT enzymes and protein-based acetylation, N-acetylation of free aspartic acid can also occur. (hmdb.ca)
  • Background: Histone acetyltransferase enzymes (HATs) are implicated in egulation of transcription. (diva-portal.org)
  • Enzymes known as histone acetyltransferases (HATs) attach an acetyl group to histone lysine residues. (stratech.co.uk)
  • Studies of HATs and histone deacetylation enzymes (HDACs) have demonstrated that histone acetylation generally has rapid turnover in the cell 8 and plays important roles in cell division 5,8 . (stratech.co.uk)
  • Hans Luecke designed a chemical genetic strategy to interrogate lysine acetylation events mediated by specific cellular Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) enzymes. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we characterized the acetylation of lysine 4 of histone H4 (H4K4), the most abundant acetylation site in T. brucei histones. (nih.gov)
  • Lysine-acetylation (Lys-Ac) is one of the most common histone PTMs and occurs on the unstructured and Lys-rich N-terminal tails of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). (le.ac.uk)
  • Given the density of Lys residues within histone tails, neutralization of their positive charge by acetylation reduces the overall affinity of histones for the negatively charged DNA backbone, opening chromatin and making it more transcriptionally permissive. (le.ac.uk)
  • Several human protein acetyltransferases have been characterized, most of them catalyzing ε-acetylation of histones and transcription factors. (uib.no)
  • Acetylation of lysine residues on histone tails, such as H3K27ac, reduces intra-nucleosome interactions, particularly between DNA and histones 9 . (stratech.co.uk)
  • Fig. 3: H3.3 phosphorylation stimulates p300 histone acetyltransferase activity in trans . (nature.com)
  • On the basis of this function, the p300 protein is called a histone acetyltransferase. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 12. Snail acetylation by histone acetyltransferase p300 in lung cancer. (nih.gov)
  • 15. P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF)-mediated acetylation of Fascin at lysine 471 inhibits its actin-bundling activity and tumor metastasis in esophageal cancer. (nih.gov)
  • We report that transcription of the adenovirus 5 E4 region is regulated during the release of paused Pol2 into productive elongation by recruitment of the super-elongation complex, dependent on promoter H3K18/27 acetylation by CBP/p300. (elifesciences.org)
  • Taken together, our results uncover the processes regulating transcriptional elongation by promoter region histone H3 acetylation and homeostatic maintenance of promoter, but not enhancer, H3K18/27ac in response to inhibition of CBP/p300 acetyl transferase activity. (elifesciences.org)
  • The acetyltransferases CBP and p300 are multifunctional transcriptional co-activators. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Here, we combined quantitative proteomics with CBP/p300-specific catalytic inhibitors, bromodomain inhibitor, and gene knockout to reveal a comprehensive map of regulated acetylation sites and their dynamic turnover rates. (broadinstitute.org)
  • For example, for histone lysine acetylation, HATs (such as p300 and CBP) transfer acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA, a key metabolic coenzyme, to the ε -amino group of the lysine residue. (hindawi.com)
  • A family of histone acetyltransferases that is structurally-related to CREB-BINDING PROTEIN and to E1A-ASSOCIATED P300 PROTEIN. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we have compiled gene lists of the acetyltransferases and deacetylases in the mammalian genomes and mapped their mRNA expression along the renal tubule. (nih.gov)
  • Two strains on the right indicate a post-switch deletion event within the wciG putative acetyltransferase gene, which putatively contributes to the acetylation pattern of the serotype 35B polysaccharide ( 26 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Its gene product is puromycin-N-acetyl-transferase which inactivates puromycin through acetylation. (goldbio.com)
  • First on our list is histone acetylation, a highly abundant modification that is associated with gene activation. (stratech.co.uk)
  • Finally, we showed that histone acetyltransferase 3 (HAT3) is responsible for H4K4 acetylation and that treatment of cells with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide led to an almost instantaneous loss of unmodified H4K4 sites. (nih.gov)
  • 1. PCAF-mediated acetylation of transcriptional factor HOXB9 suppresses lung adenocarcinoma progression by targeting oncogenic protein JMJD6. (nih.gov)
  • Histone acetylation is well known to contribute to a permissive chromatin state for Pol2 PIC assembly at active promoters, and there is recently published work concerning its function in facilitating transcriptional elongation as well. (elifesciences.org)
  • This thesis describes the role of the conserved histone acetyltransferase (HAT) Gcn5 in transcriptional regulation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (diva-portal.org)
  • We also map H3K14 acetylation during salt stress and show that Gcn5 collaborates antagonistically with the class-II histone deacetylase, Clr3, to modulate H3K14ac levels and transcriptional elongation. (diva-portal.org)
  • The acetylation of the e-amino groups of lysine residues present at histone tails correlates largely with transcriptional activation, but it is also involved in DNA replication, DNA repair and protein-protein interactions. (mobitec.com)
  • It looks as though TAT can easily journey through microtubules spotting acetylation sites but may only label those that are stable for longer periods of time," said Dr. Roll-Mecak. (nih.gov)
  • The slow acetylator phenotype is caused by decreased or absent arylamine N-acetyltransferase in human liver. (medscape.com)
  • Expanding the phenotype associated with NAA10-related N-terminal acetylation deficiency. (uib.no)
  • The increased risk of rapid acetylator humans for the development of colorectal cancer has created interest in experimental animal models to study the relationship of N-acetyltransferase phenotype to colon cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • These results indicate that the N-acetyltransferase polymorphism is expressed in mouse colon when 2-aminofluorene or p-aminobenzoic acid is used as substrate and therefore the mouse may be a model for study of the effect of acetylator phenotype on development of colorectal cancer in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Dysfunctional endoplasmic reticulum-based acetylation, as caused by overexpression of the acetyl coenzyme A transporter AT-1 in the mouse, results in altered glycoprotein flux through the secretory pathway and an autistic-like phenotype. (wisc.edu)
  • Rapid acetylator F344 rat liver cytosols catalyzed the N-acetylation of MDA at significantly higher rates than those from slow acetylator Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) inbred rats. (nih.gov)
  • p-Aminobenzoic acid N-acetyltransferase activity also differed between colon cytosols from rapid and slow acetylator strains. (cdc.gov)
  • Colon cytosols from inbred mouse lines were assayed for the ability to N-acetylate 2-aminofluorene to determine if the mouse model of the N-acetyltransferase polymorphism could be used to study this relationship. (cdc.gov)
  • N-acetyltransferase polymorphism and risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer: a pooled analysis of variations from 59 studies. (cdc.gov)
  • An in vitro acetylation assay clearly demonstrated that the acetylated substrates of the NatC catalytic subunit from T. cruzi were similar to those of yeast and human NatC, suggesting evolutionary conservation of function. (hindawi.com)
  • We previously characterized a novel acetyltransferase, the catalytic subunit of the NatC complex in T. cruzi [ 19 ], thought to belong to the NatC subgroup. (hindawi.com)
  • Lysine-acetylation is an important Post-Translational Modification (PTM) in the regulation of diverse cellular processes. (nih.gov)
  • The paper describes the first quantitative and proteome-wide study of lysine acetylation, an important post-translational modification. (sciencewatch.com)
  • Acetylation of the histone changes the shape of the chromosome, making genes available for transcription. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Protein N-terminal acetylation is a co- and posttranslational modification, conserved among eukaryotes. (hindawi.com)
  • Characterized by site-directed mutagenesis, the histone H3K14 acetylation was found to be involved in the alternation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, the acetyltransferase PlGCN5 was responsible for H3K14 acetylation. (bvsalud.org)
  • GCN5L1 is a specific acetyltransferase in mitochondria, which regulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • N-terminal acetylation (Nt-acetylation) is a widespread protein modification among eukaryotes and prokaryotes alike. (nih.gov)
  • While it was always clear that lysine acetylation would not be restricted to just these protein classes, it was not appreciated just how widespread this modification is. (sciencewatch.com)
  • This approach then resulted in the discovery of an unexpected diversity of cellular regulation that is due to the enzymatic modification of lysines by acetylation. (sciencewatch.com)
  • Histone acetylation is such a modification and is essential of numerous DNA related events. (diva-portal.org)
  • Therefore, we wanted to develop a generic, sensitive, and robust method for identifying cellular acetylation sites, and their quantification in response to perturbations such as after treatment with HDAC inhibitors. (sciencewatch.com)
  • Structural determinants and cellular environment define processed actin as the sole substrate of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NAA80. (uib.no)
  • Biochemical and cellular analysis of Ogden syndrome reveals downstream Nt-acetylation defects. (uib.no)
  • Background: Protein acetylation is increasingly recognized as an important mechanism regulating a variety of cellular functions. (uib.no)
  • 4. HOXB9 acetylation at K27 is responsible for its suppression of colon cancer progression. (nih.gov)
  • The enzymatic machinery responsible for Nt-acetylation has been largely described, but significant knowledge gaps remain. (nih.gov)
  • We find that TcNaa30 catalyzes the acetylation of N-termini similar to those acetylated by NatC in yeast (yNaa30) and hNaa30 in vitro and our analyses indicate that the protein may function both as a N α - and as a N ε -acetyltransferase. (hindawi.com)
  • Protein N-terminal acetyltransferases act as N-terminal propionyltransferases in vitro and in vivo. (uib.no)
  • N-acetyltransferase (NAT) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA to arylamines, arylhydroxylamines and arylhydrazines. (wikipedia.org)
  • hARD1 interacts with NATH (N-Acetyl Transferase Human) forming a complex expressing protein N-terminal α-acetylation activity. (uib.no)
  • A novel NAA10 variant with impaired acetyltransferase activity causes developmental delay, intellectual disability, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (uib.no)
  • The results indicate that the colon acetylcoenzyme A: 2-aminofluorene- N-acetyltransferase activity parallels that of the liver. (cdc.gov)
  • More recently, advances in proteomic technology have shown that reversible acetylation of the ε-amino group of lysine provides an additional means of modulating protein function and, in particular, enzyme activity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Nt-acetylation mediates the N-degron (proteolytic pathways that target N-termini) signal, promoting protein degradation, preventing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) translocation, mediating protein complex formation, and linking the metabolic cell state to cell death through acetyl coenzyme A activity (Fig. 1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mitochondrial epigenetic mechanism, predominantly Nt acetylation, holds HIV immunopathogenesis and is vastly unexplored. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In sum, these data demonstrated an unrecognized regulating mechanism of GCN5L1 on TFAM acetylation and its intracellular trafficking, and a potential intervening target for AKI associated mitochondrial disorders as well. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inhibition of the Actin N-terminal acetyltransferase NAA80. (uib.no)
  • They watched how a protein called tubulin acetyltransferase (TAT) labels the inside of microtubules. (nih.gov)
  • Dr. Roll-Mecak's team investigated this idea by using a technique called X-ray crystallography to look at how atoms on TAT molecules interact with acetylation sites on tubulin molecules. (nih.gov)
  • Cigarette smoking, N-acetyltransferase 2 genotypes, and breast cancer risk: pooled analysis and meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • Immunoprecipitation experiments show that hARD2 protein potentially interacts with NATH, suggesting that hARD2-NATH complexes may be responsible for protein N-α-acetylation in human cells. (uib.no)
  • They saw that TAT surfs through the inside of microtubules and although it can find acetylation sites quickly, the process of adding the tag occurs very slowly. (nih.gov)