AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Waist CircumferenceBody Mass IndexWaist-Hip RatioObesity, AbdominalAnthropometryObesityAdiposityAbdominal FatMetabolic Syndrome XBody ConstitutionBody Weights and MeasuresRisk FactorsAbdomenCross-Sectional StudiesBody CompositionOverweightBody Fat DistributionCardiovascular DiseasesBody WeightIntra-Abdominal FatBlood GlucoseSkinfold ThicknessInsulin ResistanceAdipose TissueBody HeightBody SizeDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2PrevalenceLinear ModelsSex FactorsTriglyceridesBlood PressureCohort StudiesCholesterol, HDLLipidsProspective StudiesLife StyleWeight LossScrotumExerciseROC CurveHeadAsian Continental Ancestry GroupDietBiological MarkersReference ValuesAge FactorsRegression AnalysisPredictive Value of TestsChinaHypertensionWeight GainLongitudinal StudiesInsulinLogistic ModelsEuropean Continental Ancestry GroupQuestionnairesAdiponectinFastingMotor ActivityUmbilicusFollow-Up StudiesDiabetes MellitusRisk AssessmentHypertriglyceridemiaC-Reactive ProteinSedentary LifestyleJapanPhysical FitnessMetabolic DiseasesGlucose Tolerance TestAbsorptiometry, PhotonSubcutaneous FatOdds RatioMultivariate AnalysisCholesterol, LDLSubcutaneous Fat, AbdominalTime FactorsCephalometrySex CharacteristicsGlucose IntoleranceBrazilUnited StatesNutritional StatusEnergy IntakeNutrition SurveysBirth WeightDyslipidemiasCholesterolDiet, ReducingHipReproducibility of ResultsFood HabitsHealth SurveysLeptinAnalysis of VariancePregnancyAfrican Continental Ancestry GroupElectric ImpedanceKorea
ObesityAdipose tissueDual-energy X-ray AIntra-abdominal fatHighly correlatedInsulinBiomarkersRatioAtherosclerosisPositivelyVisceral adiposityAdiposityMetSLipidAnthropometric measuresCholesterol levelsMeasurementsTriglycerideFatnessDiabetesRiskPrevalenceThicknessOverweightMethodsQuestionnaireDifferClinicalBlood pressurePostmenopausalLevels were measuredHighHealth risksStudiesBody fatResearchersPredictFindings
Obesity49
  • Abdominal obesity predisposes individuals to cardiovascular disease, but the data in adults with normal body mass index (BMI) are relatively rare. (jomes.org)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of subjects with normal BMI and abdominal obesity and to identify the relationship between central obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in normal BMI adults in Korea. (jomes.org)
  • Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference of ≥90 cm in males and ≥85 cm in females. (jomes.org)
  • Through logistic regression, we analyzed the factors influencing abdominal obesity and the relationship between abdominal obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. (jomes.org)
  • The prevalence of abdominal obesity in adults with normal BMI was 6.9% for males and 7.7% for females, and this prevalence tended to increase with age. (jomes.org)
  • When adjusted for age and BMI, daily excessive alcohol consumption increased the risk of abdominal obesity in adults of normal weight. (jomes.org)
  • Women with lower socioeconomic status and men in need of walking exercise also had a higher risk of abdominal obesity. (jomes.org)
  • In the model adjusted for age and BMI, abdominal obesity was associated with fasting glucose intolerance and diabetes in men and hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in women. (jomes.org)
  • Cardiovascular risk factors were associated with abdominal obesity in Korean adults with normal BMI. (jomes.org)
  • These results suggest that more careful management of abdominal obesity in those with normal weight is necessary. (jomes.org)
  • Obesity is defined as a state of abnormal or excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that leads to health risks. (jomes.org)
  • 2 Moreover, recent studies have shown that abdominal obesity, rather than obesity simply defined by BMI, is more highly correlated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. (jomes.org)
  • According to studies in the United States and Canada, individuals with normal BMI and abdominal obesity showed higher risks of cardiovascular diseases compared to individuals classified as obese according to BMI without abdominal obesity. (jomes.org)
  • 3 - 6 Mortality from coronary artery disease was also found to be higher in individuals with normal BMI and abdominal obesity. (jomes.org)
  • 7 , 8 Although quantifying visceral and subcutaneous fat by computed tomography (CT) is the most accurate diagnostic method for abdominal obesity, CT use is limited because of high cost and risk of radiation exposure. (jomes.org)
  • Because waist circumference is highly correlated with visceral fat and is easy to measure and interpret, this is used as the basic clinical tool for evaluating abdominal obesity. (jomes.org)
  • 9 Asians are known to have more severe abdominal obesity than Caucasians with identical BMIs leading to the suggestion that different diagnostic criteria should be applied to different races. (jomes.org)
  • In 2009, the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and International Association for the Study of Obesity defined abdominal obesity in Asians as a waist circumference of ≥90 cm for males and ≥80 cm for females. (jomes.org)
  • MS can be defined by the presence of abdominal obesity and any 2 of the following factors: increased fasting plasma glucose, increased TGs, reduced HDL cholesterol, and hypertension. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because abdominal obesity is predisposed to various metabolic disorders, it is of major importance to assess and track the changes with time of this specific fat mass. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Abdominal obesity, also known as central obesity and truncal obesity, is the human condition of an excessive concentration of visceral fat around the stomach and abdomen to such an extent that it is likely to harm its bearer's health. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abdominal obesity has been strongly linked to cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other metabolic and vascular diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Researchers first started to focus on abdominal obesity in the 1980s when they realized it had an important connection to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abdominal obesity was more closely related with metabolic dysfunctions connected with cardiovascular disease than was general obesity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abdominal obesity is linked with higher cardiovascular events among South Asian ethnic population. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abdominal obesity is typically associated with a statistically higher risk of heart disease, hypertension, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (see below). (wikipedia.org)
  • Metabolic syndrome is associated with abdominal obesity, blood lipid disorders, inflammation, insulin resistance, full-blown diabetes, and increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Insulin resistance is a major feature of diabetes mellitus type 2, and central obesity is correlated with both insulin resistance and T2DM itself. (wikipedia.org)
  • Increased adiposity (obesity) raises serum resistin levels, which in turn directly correlate to insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Developing asthma due to abdominal obesity is also a main concern. (wikipedia.org)
  • Obesity causes decreased tidal volumes due to reduced in chest expansion that is caused both by the weight on the chest itself and the effect of abdominal obesity on flattening the diaphragms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Obesity is quantified with the body mass index (BMI), yet BMI does not reflect the fat distribution in the visceral abdominal volume (VAV) and subcutaneous abdominal volume (SAV). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Excess visceral abdominal adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) are key contributors to abdominal obesity, but differ in their structural composition, metabolic activity, and functional significance[ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • And in recent statements made by some Indian researchers it has been mentioned that for Indians, waist circumference also plays a vital role in measuring obesity. (chototvinhlong.com)
  • However, even in the absence of the hyperglycaemic state which characterizes type 2 diabetic patients, non diabetic individuals with a specific form of obesity, named abdominal obesity, often show clustering metabolic abnormalities which include high triglyceride levels, increased apolipoprotein B, small dense low density lipoproteins and decreased high density lipoproteins-cholesterol levels, a hyperinsulinemic-insulin resistant state, alterations in coagulation factors as well as an inflammatory profile. (researchgate.net)
  • This agglomeration of abnormalities has been referred to as the metabolic syndrome which can be identified by the presence of three of the five following variables: abdominal obesity, elevated triglyceride concentrations, low HDL-cholesterol levels, increased blood pressure and elevated fasting glucose. (researchgate.net)
  • Post-mortem analyses of coronary arteries have indicated that obesity (associated with a high accumulation of abdominal fat measured at autopsy) was predictive of earlier and greater extent of large vessels atherosclerosis as well as increase of coronary fatty streaks. (researchgate.net)
  • Metabolic syndrome linked to abdominal obesity is also predictive of recurrent coronary events both in post-myocardial infarction patients and among coronary artery disease men who underwent a revascularization procedures. (researchgate.net)
  • It is suggested that until the epidemic progression of obesity is stopped and obesity prevented or at least properly managed, cardiologists will be confronted to an evolving contribution of risk factors where smoking, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension may be relatively less prevalent but at the expense of a much greater contribution of abdominal obesity and related features of the metabolic syndrome. (researchgate.net)
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is strongly associated with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance and effective approaches to nutrition (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids intake) might improve the cardiometabolic risk profile. (frontiersin.org)
  • Some authors have shown the type of obesity with fat accumulation around the waist is associated with higher risk of metabolic diseases 7 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Central obesity and, in particular, ectopic fat accumulation are important metabolic risk factors. (highwire.org)
  • Obesity is commonly characterized as the accumulation of body fat that results when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, although individuals respond differently to this imbalance due to genetic predisposition. (springermedizin.at)
  • Adiponectin plasma levels and adipose-tissue gene expression were significantly lower in obese subjects and inversely correlated with obesity-associated variables, including high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Obesity is a heterogeneous disease and is characterized by abnormal or excessive fat accumulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Body fat percentage (BFP) is strongly associated with the risk of several chronic diseases and a massive increased fat mass leads to obesity defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 26 120 180 ] Body mass index (BMI) has been widely used to indicate the level of obesity, though recent studies have found that abdominal or visceral adiposity (vs subcutaneous), as reflected in the waist-to-hip ratio or waist circumference, is a strong criteria for predicting the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Though the diagnostic criteria for MetS has been variably defined in the literature, most definitions now include the presence of at least three of the following: Abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein levels. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Increased urate production may also occur as a primary hereditary abnormality and in obesity, because urate production correlates with body surface area. (msdmanuals.com)
Adipose tissue8
Dual-energy X-ray A2
  • Body composition was measured by both dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) methods. (frontiersin.org)
  • The BMI correlates closely with total body fat (TBF), which is estimated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning in children who are overweight and obese. (medscape.com)
Intra-abdominal fat3
Highly correlated1
  • Abnormal LFTs are highly correlated with MetS in the hepatitis-free elderly, with levels of γ-GT in men and ALP in women being the most important factors. (jmedscindmc.com)
Insulin6
Biomarkers3
  • Efficacy and safety biomarkers were measured before and after intervention. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent validation has concluded that total and regional body volume estimates correlate positively and significantly with biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and BVI calculations correlate significantly with all biomarkers of cardio-vascular risk. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multiple linear regressions examined associations of self-reported context-specific sitting time (occupational, transportation, TV-viewing and leisure-time computer use) with a clustered cardiometabolic risk score (CMR) and with individual cardiometabolic risk biomarkers (waist circumference, BMI, resting blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, and fasting and 2-h post-load plasma glucose). (biomedcentral.com)
Ratio7
Atherosclerosis2
  • A previous study in a sample of middle-aged men and women found that higher amounts of subcutaneous abdominal fat are associated with lower levels of subclinical atherosclerosis[ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among them, patients who had undergone thorough evaluations for carotid atherosclerosis and abdominal SFT and VFT were included in this study. (biomedcentral.com)
Positively1
  • First, epidemiological results show that the serum FSH levels are positively correlated with the serum total cholesterol levels, even after adjustment by considering the effects of serum estrogen. (nature.com)
Visceral adiposity2
  • Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is an anthropometric index associated with visceral adiposity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It remains relatively unknown whether SAD, as a manifest measure of visceral adiposity, differs by sex in the general population and in the subgroups defined by socio-economic characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)
Adiposity2
MetS2
  • Low hepatic ATP, hyperuricemia, and hepatic lipid accumulation reported in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients may reflect insufficient hepatic O 2 delivery, potentially accounting for the sympathetic overdrive associated with MetS. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • This is strongly reinforced by the fact that MetS is cured in a matter of days in a significant percentage of patients by diet, bariatric surgery, or endoluminal sleeve, all of which would decrease splanchnic oxygen demand by limiting nutrient contact with the mucosa and reducing the nutrient load due to loss of appetite or dietary restriction. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Lipid2
  • However, neither serum sex steroids nor lipid levels were measured in these studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It pulse rate, ECG and anthropometrical seems likely that changing lifestyles such as measures and laboratory measurements for high consumption of processed foods rich lipid and glucose profiles. (who.int)
Anthropometric measures1
  • We analysed data from 8,621 European liveborn singletons in 2 population-based pregnancy cohorts (the Generation R Study, the Netherlands 2002-2006 [ n = 4,682]) and the Born in Bradford study, United Kingdom 2007-2010 [ n = 3,939]) with fetal ultrasound and birth anthropometric measures, parental smoking during pregnancy, and maternal genetic data. (plos.org)
Cholesterol levels2
Measurements2
  • In the short-term anthropometric measurements and their variation overtime were not correlated with metabolic syndrome/diabetes. (frontiersin.org)
  • It overlooks equally important factors such as the portion of muscle mass, fat distribution and proportion, and waist or hip measurements. (chototvinhlong.com)
Triglyceride1
Fatness2
Diabetes3
Risk4
  • Results showed that RFM was most strongly associated with incident HF risk. (pace-cme.org)
  • This is because RFM not only correlates strongly with HF risk, but can also be calculated using a relatively simple formula*, requiring only height and waist circumference-both of which could be determined using a measuring tape. (pace-cme.org)
  • Today, it is well known that the metabolic risk related to fat accumulation is strongly dependent on its distribution. (highwire.org)
  • All major cardiovascular risk fac- tors were also measured. (who.int)
Prevalence2
Thickness2
  • Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and visceral fat thickness (VFT) were assessed by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography (US). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In partial correlation coefficient analyses between CIMT and abdominal fat thickness after adjustment for body mass index (BMI), SFT showed a negative correlation with CIMT in men (r = -0.27, p = 0.03). (biomedcentral.com)
Overweight2
  • The abdominal circumference measure appears useful in studying overweight or obese rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Association between overweight and fat accumulation around waist was tested considering the variables: sexual maturaten stage, income level, number of siblings, maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity. (bvsalud.org)
Methods2
  • Statistical methods were used to discriminate the best region of interest allowing the in-vivo measure of Central Fat Mass by DXA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Actually measuring a person's body fat percentage is not easy and is often inaccurate without careful monitoring of the methods, however. (chototvinhlong.com)
Questionnaire2
  • Rose questionnaire, history of any chest from 3 measures--the Rose questionnaire pain was assessed during the interviews. (who.int)
  • They studied 167,875 individuals from population-based cohorts in the UK (UK Biobank), the Netherlands (LifeLines-Deep), Belgium (Flemish Gut Flora Project), Sweden (PopCol), and U.S. (Genes for Good), and correlated their genetic makeup with questionnaire data, mostly in relation to a simple query about the number of times one opens the bowels every day (the "stool frequency," as they called it in the study). (drivorfunnell.com)
Differ1
  • It remains unclear whether SAD and its socio-economic correlates differ in women and men, which limits the epidemiological and clinical applications of the SAD measurement. (biomedcentral.com)
Clinical1
  • Some assessments including anthropometric assessment, casual blood pressure (BP) measure, and ankle-brachial index (ABI) have established clinical application. (scielosp.org)
Blood pressure1
  • Innovative approaches were developed for assessing the ankle-brachial index using an automatic device instead of the mercury column to measure blood pressure and for assessing the anterior-posterior diameter of the right lobe of the liver by ultrasound for quantitative assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (scielosp.org)
Postmenopausal1
  • This study shows that serum estradiol is correlated with BMI and other fat-distribution measures in postmenopausal endometrial cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Levels were measured1
  • Serum omega-3 fatty acid levels were measured with the gas chromatography method. (frontiersin.org)
High1
  • RQ measured during fasting reflects a period of high dependency on endogenous FFAs for fuel. (frontiersin.org)
Health risks1
  • In the late 1980s and early 1990s insightful and powerful imaging techniques were discovered that would further help advance the understanding of the health risks associated with body fat accumulation. (wikipedia.org)
Studies1
  • Studies on the accumulation of abdominal fat mass in animals could help to better understand the mechanisms of metabolic syndrome development but the techniques of investigation are lacking. (biomedcentral.com)
Body fat3
  • Although not a perfect measure of body fat, BMI can help identify teens who are gaining weight too slowly or too quickly. (chototvinhlong.com)
  • 2 And while BMI correlates with fat accumulation and metabolic health in large populations, it is insensitive to the actual distribution of body fat. (highwire.org)
  • 95%). Height and weight were measured, body mass index (BMI), fat free mass (FFM), total body water (TBW), body fat mass (BFM), percentage of body fat (%BF), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), FFM of both upper limbs and lower limbs and FFM of trunk were estimated according to In-body 270. (preprints.org)
Researchers1
  • The main issue for clinicians or researchers is to use techniques for assessing abdominal fat deposition and its accumulation or changes over time, without sacrificing of experimental subjects. (biomedcentral.com)
Predict1
Findings1