AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
AcanthamoebaAcanthamoeba KeratitisAmebiasisAcanthamoeba castellaniiAmoebaSkinContact LensesAmebicidesContact Lens SolutionsRNA, Ribosomal, 18SNaegleriaTrophozoitesSkin AgingSkin DiseasesMimiviridaeSkin NeoplasmsBiguanidesDNA, ProtozoanKeratitisCentral Nervous System Protozoal InfectionsContact Lenses, Hydrophilic
KeratitisBalamuthiaNaegleriaEncephalitisLesionsMicroorganismsSpeciesLeft untreatedAmoebaAmebicParasitesPolyphagaMandrillarisDiagnosisPathogenesisCorneaOccursMicroscopicGenusGenotypesSymptomsKnown to cause infectionsProtozoaOrganismFungiHumansAmebasBacterial infectionsAmoebaeGenotypePrevalentWater contaminatedChronicPseudomonasFungal infectionsFatalMiltefosineTreatableMycobacteriumCommonDetectionDisseminated diseaseLungHostsCerebrospinal fluidViral infectionsInvasiveExposureOccurStaphylococcusClinical
Keratitis28
Balamuthia12
  • Balamuthia infection James, William D. (wikipedia.org)
  • Granulomatous amebic encephalitis is a very rare, generally fatal subacute central nervous system (CNS) infection caused by Acanthamoeba species in immunocompromised or debilitated hosts or by Balamuthia mandrillaris . (msdmanuals.com)
  • Acanthamoeba species and Balamuthia mandrillaris are present worldwide in water, soil, and dust. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The life cycle of Acanthamoeba , Balamuthia , and Sappinia involves only 2 stages: cysts and trophozoites (the infective form). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Granulomatous amebic encephalitis is a very rare, usually fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by Acanthamoeba species or Balamuthia mandrillaris , two types of free-living amebas. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Balamuthia mandrillaris may cause skin sores in addition to the symptoms above. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba spp. (cdc.gov)
  • It is thought that N. Fowleri causes an acute inflammatory cytokine response, whereas Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia spp. (medscape.com)
  • and Balamuthia mandrillaris as etiological agents of infections in most of the cases in the central nervous system, cornea and skin, for which up to now there are no drugs of choice. (mdpi.com)
  • 1,2,5) Encephalitis caused by free-living amoeba (e.g. Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia ) is primarily a problem of immunocompromised patients, although immunocompetent patients are affected by both Balamuthia and Naegleria . (askjpc.org)
  • Subacute or chronic CNS infections due to Acanthamoeba spp, Balamuthia mandrillaris , and Sappinia spp. (med-chem.com)
  • Multiplex PCR studies can distinguish Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia , and Naegleria from Sappinia for simultaneous detection of the four genera. (med-chem.com)
Naegleria4
  • Amebic Brain Infection: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis Primary amebic meningoencephalitis is a rare, usually fatal infection of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) caused by Naegleria fowleri , a type of free-living ameba. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Notable exceptions include various species of Vibrio and Legionella bacteria and protozoan parasites such as the free-living amoebae Naegleria and Acanthamoeba . (nationalacademies.org)
  • The pathogenic free-living amoebae Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba spp. (uga.edu)
  • However, a group of these amoebas have aroused interest in the biomedical area due to the pathologies they cause, making it necessary to designate this group as amphizoic amoebas, highlighting Naegleria fowleri , Acanthamoeba spp. (mdpi.com)
Encephalitis10
  • Acanthamoeba can cause a serious, most often deadly, infection of the brain and spinal cord called Granulomatous Encephalitis (GAE). (cdc.gov)
  • Unfortunately, most cases of brain and spinal cord infection with Acanthamoeba ( Granulomatous Encephalitis ) are fatal. (cdc.gov)
  • Optimal treatment of Acanthamoeba encephalitis is unclear. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba is a chronic, focal, necrotizing infection characterized by granuloma formation (granulomatous encephalitis). (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • An infection presenting as meningoencephalitis or encephalitis, disseminated disease (affecting multiple organ systems), or cutaneous disease. (cdc.gov)
  • An infection presenting as meningoencephalitis or encephalitis. (cdc.gov)
  • We report a case of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba spp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Postmortem retrospective evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid sample in our case, as well as literature review, indicated that some cases of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba may be diagnosable by cerebrospinal fluid examination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In rare cases, however, this pathogen causes an intracranial infection called granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) mainly in immunocompromised patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In one of the cases of Sappinia amoebic encephalitis that has been reported, a sinus infection occurred prior to the onset of symptoms. (med-chem.com)
Lesions11
  • Acanthamoeba can also cause skin lesions and/or disseminated infection . (cdc.gov)
  • Acanthamoeba infection is a cutaneous condition resulting from Acanthamoeba that may result in various skin lesions. (wikipedia.org)
  • patients can present with ulcerative skin lesions and later develop neurologic symptoms and signs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In patients with Acanthamoeba infections of the brain, CT with contrast and MRI may show single or multiple space-occupying lesions with ring enhancement, most commonly in the temporal and parietal lobes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In patients with B. mandrillaris infection of the brain, CT and MRI, both with contrast, typically show multiple nodular, ring-enhancing lesions. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Microscopic examination plus PCR-based and immunohistochemical techniques can identify B. mandrillaris in biopsies of brain or skin lesions. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Skin lesions and sinus disease may also be seen. (cdc.gov)
  • Painless skin lesions appearing as plaques a few millimeters thick and one to several centimeters wide have been observed in some patients, especially patients outside the United States, preceding the onset of neurologic symptoms by 1 month to approximately 2 years. (cdc.gov)
  • In the differential diagnosis, other space‑occupying lesions of the CNS (tumor, abscess, fungal infection, etc.) must also be considered. (med-chem.com)
  • While herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is generally associated with oral lesions like cold sores or fever blisters (see Viral Infections of the Skin and Eyes ), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is usually associated with genital herpes. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Genital herpes is typically characterized by lesions on the genitals (left), but lesions can also appear elsewhere on the skin or mucous membranes (right). (pressbooks.pub)
Microorganisms3
Species9
  • Acanthamoeba species ( spp. (cdc.gov)
  • Several species of Acanthamoeba are associated with infection (i.e. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 4 ] and species of Acanthamoeba and Sappinia . (medscape.com)
  • More typically, GAE results from hematogenous seeding of the CNS following primary inoculation of the lungs or skin by B mandrillaris, Acanthamoeba, or Sappinia species. (medscape.com)
  • Some strains of species are associated with infections in humans. (bvsalud.org)
  • The distribution of the highest global prevalence values for species of Acanthamoeba spp. (bvsalud.org)
  • Both species are frequently found on the skin of healthy individuals and are not typically pathogenic. (flintwaterstudy.org)
  • Both Ityogonimus species are stenoxenous helminths of insectivores of the genus Talpa and they have often been found parasitizing the Iberian mole and also the European mole T. europaea , but a mixed infection had not been previously reported. (degruyter.com)
  • Currently, miltefosine is typically used only for invasive candidiasis "in desperate situations of infections caused by multiresistant Candida species when the novel drugs in the pipeline are not made available through their compassionate use programs," Martin Hoenigl, MD, of the Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, told Medscape Medical News . (medscape.com)
Left untreated3
  • Both diagnostic processes provide valuable insight into treating acanthamoeba, which must be carefully monitored since it can potentially cause serious complications, including vision loss, if left untreated. (knowledgebooth.net)
  • Fortunately, the infection can be easily treated using an antiparasitic medicine called praziquantel - but if left untreated, the infection can be very painful and unpleasant. (zmescience.com)
  • If left untreated, Acanthamoeba eventually leads to vision loss, requiring a corneal transplant to restore sight. (amarilloeyedoctor.com)
Amoeba4
  • Legionella is a group of bacteria that are found in water often living with amoeba and may cause a serious lung infection. (emsl.com)
  • Acanthamoeba is a type of amoeba that can cause severe infections in humans. (knowledgebooth.net)
  • Certain prescription treatments can treat mild cases of acanthamoeba infection by killing off the amoeba cells directly on contact. (knowledgebooth.net)
  • Acanthamoeba polyphaga is an amoeba that is often associated with eye infections of individuals using tap water for contact lens care rather than sterile saline, but has also been associated with skin and respiratory infections. (flintwaterstudy.org)
Amebic1
  • Amebic meningoencephalitis is an extremely rare and sporadic central nervous system (CNS) infection caused by free-living amoebae, mostly found in freshwater lakes and rivers. (medscape.com)
Parasites4
  • Pathogens that cause opportunistic infections include not only bacteria and viruses but also fungi and parasites that do not cause infection in healthy individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Acanthamoeba is a genus of single-celled, microscopic parasites found in water and soil worldwide. (knowledgebooth.net)
  • Not washing hands regularly after coming into contact with soil or water sources where these parasites may live can increase one's chance of becoming infected with acanthamoeba, which is resistant to many disinfectants used at home, such as bleach solutions. (knowledgebooth.net)
  • If you have any questions about the parasites described above or think that you may have a parasitic infection, consult a health care provider. (cdc.gov)
Polyphaga2
  • Gene sequencing showed the presence of Acanthamoeba lenticulata and Acanthamoeba polyphaga - T5 and T4 genotypes - respectively, which are related to pathogenicity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although the number of samples collected has been small and were collected from each site on a single date, our results do not indicate the presence of pathogenic OPs in Flint water , with the exception of sporadic detection of Acanthamoeba polyphaga in biofilm samples. (flintwaterstudy.org)
Mandrillaris2
  • Acanthamoeba infection of the CNS occurs almost entirely in immunocompromised or otherwise debilitated patients, but B. mandrillaris may also infect healthy hosts. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A negative test on CSF does not rule out B. mandrillaris infection because the organism is not commonly present in the CSF. (cdc.gov)
Diagnosis4
  • Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba spp. (cdc.gov)
  • Because this is a serious infection and the people affected typically have weakened immune systems, early diagnosis offers the best chance at cure. (hamrodoctor.com)
  • The diagnosis of acanthamoeba primarily involves two methods: Confocal microscopy and corneal scraping. (knowledgebooth.net)
  • A quick and cost effective method for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection. (edu.gh)
Pathogenesis1
Cornea1
  • This procedure collects cells from deeper layers within the cornea, which are then examined for signs of infection under high magnification. (knowledgebooth.net)
Occurs8
  • Disseminated infection caused by Acanthamoeba occurs more frequently in people with compromised immune systems or those who are chronically ill. (cdc.gov)
  • Infection with this pathogen occurs in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. (medscape.com)
  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children occurs after SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated persons, but may be less severe. (cdc.gov)
  • Anyone who suspects they might have an acanthamoeba must seek medical attention immediately so that appropriate treatment measures can be taken quickly before any lasting damage occurs. (knowledgebooth.net)
  • Skin layers and melanin Vitiligo occurs when pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) die or close producing melanin the pigment that gives your skin, hair and eyes color. (sahmy.com)
  • Hyperpigmentation including sunspots, age spots, and melasma occurs when melanin is overproduced in prove areas of the skin. (sahmy.com)
  • The infection occurs via water contaminated with Schistosoma larvae (called cercariae). (zmescience.com)
  • Ocular rosacea, an inflammation of the eye and/or eyelid, occurs in conjunction with rosacea of the skin. (amarilloeyedoctor.com)
Microscopic3
  • Acanthamoeba is a microscopic, free-living ameba (single-celled living organism) commonly found in the environment that can cause rare, but severe, illness. (cdc.gov)
  • Acanthamoeba which is a microscopic single cell organism that may cause eye infections. (emsl.com)
  • Acanthamoeba refers to the microscopic and free-living ameba that is relatively found to be quite common in the environment. (illnessopedia.org)
Genus2
Genotypes2
  • Previous reports have indicated that Acanthamoeba with some specific genotypes tend to cause the majority of human infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • with some specific genotypes, such as those belonging to morphological Group 2, tend to cause the majority of human infections. (biomedcentral.com)
Symptoms5
  • What are the symptoms of Acanthamoeba infection? (cdc.gov)
  • The infection is usually diagnosed by an eye care provider based on symptoms, growth of the Acanthamoeba ameba from a scraping of the eye, and/or seeing the ameba by a process called confocal microscopy. (hamrodoctor.com)
  • Acanthamoeba is an infection that can cause a variety of symptoms. (knowledgebooth.net)
  • The symptoms of the disease start appearing usually one year after the infection when the larva turns into an adult - and things go south very fast. (zmescience.com)
  • In these cases, it becomes almost impossible to diagnose or treat the tapeworm infection because the patient doesn't show any symptoms. (zmescience.com)
Known to cause infections2
  • Eye infection with Acanthamoeba has never been known to cause infections in other parts of the body. (cdc.gov)
  • It is also known to cause infections in humans that are difficult to treat due to its supplement resistance. (knowledgebooth.net)
Protozoa2
  • Free-living amoebae (FLA) are protozoa dispersed in different environments and are responsible for different infections caused to humans and other animals. (bvsalud.org)
  • This infection is caused by amoebas or protozoa, the so-called Acanthamoeba . (hickeysolution.com)
Organism2
  • Overview of Parasitic Infections A parasite is an organism that lives on or inside another organism (the host) and benefits (for example, by getting nutrients) from the host at the host's expense. (merckmanuals.com)
  • infection because the organism is not commonly present in the CSF. (cdc.gov)
Fungi2
  • Acanthamoeba ), fungi (e.g. (pall.com)
  • Your eyes can get infections from bacteria, fungi, or viruses. (medlineplus.gov)
Humans2
  • CDC is collaborating with public health officials in multiple states across the United States and with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service to investigate an ongoing multi-state outbreak of Salmonella infections in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to causing human disease, these organisms also can harbor intracellular pathogenic bacteria such as Legionella pneumophila and may serve as vectors of bacterial infections in humans. (med-chem.com)
Amebas4
  • The amebas probably enter through the skin or lungs and spread to the brain through the bloodstream. (merckmanuals.com)
  • When a skin sore is present, a sample is taken and examined under a microscope to look for amebas. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Although they rarely cause human infection, certain types of these amebas can cause serious, life-threatening diseases. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Acanthamoeba amebas are very common in nature and can be found in bodies of water (for example, lakes and oceans), soil, and air. (hamrodoctor.com)
Bacterial infections1
  • This horrifying process can also cause serious, life-threatening bacterial infections. (zmescience.com)
Amoebae1
  • The numbers of infections caused by these amoebae are low in comparison to other protozoal parasitic infections. (med-chem.com)
Genotype1
  • Acanthamoeba mauritaniensis genotype T4D: An environmental isolate displays pathogenic behavior. (ac.ir)
Prevalent2
  • Infection is prevalent in Central and South America, southern and western Africa, the Far East, and India. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is the next most prevalent STI at 24.1 million infections. (pressbooks.pub)
Water contaminated1
Chronic1
  • Recurring boils are also known as chronic Medically known as rhinosinusitis, Sinus infection or of boils that occur over a period per million persons per year. (ameli-perm.ru)
Pseudomonas2
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa may cause infections to eyes, skin, muscle, lung and other tissues. (emsl.com)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to be a major cause of severe infections, including pneumonia, sepsis, wound and skin infections. (pall.com)
Fungal infections3
  • Fungal infections can cause severe disease and death and impose a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems. (cdc.gov)
  • Of note, invasive candidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections in patients with COVID-19. (medscape.com)
  • There is also some data showing synergistic effects with amphotericin B on fungal infections," he added. (medscape.com)
Fatal3
  • Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients often develop several opportunistic infections associated with fatal outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We herein describe a fatal case of GAE caused by Acanthamoeba spp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We describe 4 rapidly fatal cases of potentially donor-derived invasive mold infections in the United States, highlighting the importance of maintaining clinical suspicion for these infections in transplant recipients. (cdc.gov)
Miltefosine2
  • Doctors typically use a combination of medications including miltefosine to treat the infection. (merckmanuals.com)
  • He added that it is likely that miltefosine "will not be used broadly but in desperate situations only when there is a lack of other treatment options for invasive Candida infections, due to resistance. (medscape.com)
Treatable1
Mycobacterium1
  • My research interest is with Buruli ulcer, a necrotizing skin ulcerative disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans . (edu.gh)
Common10
  • Human exposure is common, but infection is rare. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Acanthamoeba is a common infection that can affect people of all ages. (knowledgebooth.net)
  • What are 4 common skin diseases? (sahmy.com)
  • Acanthamoeba keratitisis a common, highly transmitted by order Xifaxan Drug who work at the that are taken by mouth (fluconazole). (ameli-perm.ru)
  • It is a clinically diverse infection with the most common sites of infection being the lungs, urinary tract, prostate, skin or soft tissue, spleen, and liver [ Reference Cheng and Currie 2 ]. (cambridge.org)
  • Sponges are superb for developing bacteria, which can lead to infection, so it is crucial that you clean the lenses very carefully and disinfect them to lessen the danger of harming your eyes.There are two main types of tough make contact with lenses: common tough make contact with lenses are personally fitted to the wearer's eyes and, depending on the material, can be employed for one particular to two years. (wikidot.com)
  • Contact lens-associated infections affect only about four in ten,000 wearers per year and vision loss due to infection is much less common affecting just six in 100,000 wearers per year (see 'Looking soon after contact lenses').Accentuate your lid with your darkest eyeshadow. (wikidot.com)
  • This condition includes the potentially life-threatening candidemia, which is among the most common bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, such viral infections are very common in the United States. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Another common type of infection is conjunctivitis or pink eye. (cedarparkvision.com)
Detection1
Disseminated disease1
  • Skin infections do not necessarily lead to disseminated disease. (cdc.gov)
Lung1
  • Doctors are unsure what canker sores, but pneumonia and is a lung infection. (ameli-perm.ru)
Hosts1
  • Acanthamoeba are effective hosts for Legionella , and they may both be present in contaminated water. (emsl.com)
Cerebrospinal fluid1
Viral infections3
  • Viral infections Take your child to a who received dexamethasone for only 1 to or youre noticing a change in habits, are order Xifaxan Drug by contact with that persons. (ameli-perm.ru)
  • Most of these viral infections are incurable, increasing the risk of persistent sexual transmission. (pressbooks.pub)
  • In this section, we will examine these and other major viral infections of the reproductive system. (pressbooks.pub)
Invasive2
  • transplantation of exposed organs can cause invasive mold infections in recipients. (cdc.gov)
  • are clickable links to medically peer the use of high Invasive staph infections, with redness, tenderness and pain may occur physician may refer you to a specialist contact, previous neurosurgical intervention, recent travel, and. (ameli-perm.ru)
Exposure2
  • A worker using an eyewash station after exposure to a hazardous chemical or material may have eye injuries that make the eye more susceptible to infection. (emsl.com)
  • Recent anthrax cases linked to exposure to animal skins have spurred interest in how you can be exposed to anthrax. (cdc.gov)
Occur3
  • How does infection with Acanthamoeba occur? (cdc.gov)
  • These infections usually occur in people with compromised immune systems. (cdc.gov)
  • Eye infections can occur in different parts of the eye and can affect just one eye or both. (medlineplus.gov)
Staphylococcus1
  • It is a hypersensitivity reaction of the eye to a conjunctival infection with bacteria, especially Staphylococcus aureus. (hickeysolution.com)
Clinical2
  • 2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. (wikipedia.org)
  • can be transmitted via organ transplantation, patients presenting with the above clinical criteria who have received a solid organ transplant should be further investigated to determine if the infection was transmitted through the transplanted organ. (cdc.gov)