• Up to 6 different subtypes have been described, and these involve abnormal configurations of the multimer and varying abnormalities of plasma and platelet-associated VWF. (renalandurologynews.com)
  • Peripheral blood smear shows abnormal erythrocyte size and shape as well as paucity of platelets. (orpha.net)
  • viscosity, reduced red cell deformability, The main objectives of this study were abnormal red cell adhesive properties, en- to assess platelet aggregation patterns and dothelial intimal proliferation, bone marrow levels of PC, PS and AT III in SCA patients or fat embolism and a chronic hypercoagula- in the steady state and in vaso-occlusive ble state [6]. (who.int)
  • Although coagulation abnormalities are common in naturally occurring liver disease (93% of dogs in one study and 82% of cats in another study had at least one abnormal coagulation test), clinical signs of hemorrhage are not commonly seen, except in severe fulminant liver disease (which initiates DIC or induces synthetic failure). (eclinpath.com)
  • Liver disease can be associated with impaired coagulation factor and inhibitor production, production of abnormally functioning clotting factors, increased consumption of factors by initiation of DIC, and abnormal platelet number or function. (eclinpath.com)
  • Hematologic studies reveal thrombocytopenia, prolonged bleeding time, and the above described giant platelets with abnormal ultrastructure, impaired platelet aggregation response to collagen and epinephrine, defective platelet adherence to glass, and impaired release of platelet factor III. (mhmedical.com)
  • This article reviews the diagnostic approach to hematologic laboratory abnormalities and abnormal bleeding in adults, as well as basic preventive care and hemostatic management of adults with bleeding disorders. (medscape.com)
  • The inhibitory effects of α-tocopherol on platelet function in vivo and ex vivo have been well established [ 14 - 18 ], but inhibition of platelet aggregation by α-tocopherol in vitro requires non-physiologically high levels of α-tocopherol [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This initial interaction (platelet adhesion) sets the stage for other adhesive reactions that allow the platelets to interact with other agonists in the vicinity of vessel injury, such as adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), subendothelial collagen, and thrombin. (medscape.com)
  • The present results indicate that intravenously administered tocotrienols inhibited acute platelet-mediated thrombus formation, and collagen and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The term systemic sclerosis is used to describe a systemic autoimmune disease of unknown origin characterized by excessive deposition of collagen and other connective tissue macromolecules in skin and multiple internal organs, prominent and often severe fibroproliferative alterations in the microvasculature, and numerous humoral and cellular immunologic abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • Under physiological circumstances, the resistance of the endothelial cell lining to interactions with platelets and coagulation factors prevents thrombosis. (medscape.com)
  • PMID 22821001 ] Variability of GP6 gene in patients with sticky platelet syndrome and deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism. (snpedia.com)
  • Platelet ionized calcium mobilization (Aequorin method) in patients with primary platelet dysfunction' Thrombosis and Haemostasis. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Our objective in this study was to determine the extent to which tocotrienols inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce coronary thrombosis, a major risk factor for stroke in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • a mixture of α- + γ- + δ-tocotrienols) on in vivo platelet thrombosis and ex vivo platelet aggregation (PA) after intravenous injection in anesthetized dogs, by using a mechanically stenosed circumflex coronary artery model (Folts' cyclic flow model). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scientists have made great strides in recent years in understanding what stimulates platelets to form blood clots at the molecular level and in developing drugs to inhibit platelet action. (elsevier.com)
  • PMID 21854539 ] Genetic determinants of platelet reactivity during acetylsalicylic acid therapy in diabetic patients: evaluation of 27 polymorphisms within candidate genes. (snpedia.com)
  • Grant CU/381/2012 - "Abnormalities of platelet aggregation: genetic variability of glycopropein 6 gene', Juraj Sokol, MD - 2012. (uniba.sk)
  • Genetic Heterogeneity of Platelet-Type Bleeding Disorders Inherited platelet disorders are a heterogeneous group of bleeding disorders affecting platelet number, function, or both. (nih.gov)
  • A genetic disorder characterized by platelet disorder (thrombocytopenia with giant platelets), nephritis and subsequently renal failure, and sensorineural deafness. (mhmedical.com)
  • The hemostatic system consists of platelets, coagulation factors, and the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. (medscape.com)
  • Severe liver disease resulting in synthetic liver failure can produce coagulation abnormalities from decreased production of coagulation factors. (eclinpath.com)
  • Problems can occur when platelets are low in number or do not work properly or when certain coagulation factors are low or missing. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Grant VEGA 1/0029/11 - "Platelet glycoprotein receptors polymorphisms in the sticky platelet syndrom", prof. Kubisz - 2011-2013. (uniba.sk)
  • Grant CU/285/2011 - "The study gene polymorphisms in relationship to the absence of response to the antiplatelet therapy in sticky platelet syndrom", Kotuličová MD. - 2011. (uniba.sk)
  • Grant VEGA 1/0067/08 - "Importance of Sticky platelet syndrome for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases", prof. Kubisz - 2008-2010. (uniba.sk)
  • The initial hemostatic plug, composed primarily of platelets, is stabilized further by a fibrin mesh generated in secondary hemostasis. (medscape.com)
  • The propagation phase feeds back to amplify the process and prospects to thrombin generation culminating in platelet and fibrin thrombi. (immune-source.com)
  • Platelet aggregometry is a standard clinical technique that measures the in vitro aggregability of platelets in response to agonists by using the amount of light transmitted through platelet-rich plasma (PRP) ( Holmsen, 1987 ). (nature.com)
  • Severe abnormalities in platelet function, such as Bernard-Soulier syndrome, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, or platelet storage-pool deficiency, are characterized by the inability of platelets to aggregate in response to certain agonists. (nature.com)
  • i mobilization and aggregation or release in various agonists is neccessary to be investigated. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Platelets often have functional abnormalities, shown by a defect in the aggregation response to agonists. (orpha.net)
  • Introduction.Variables.Drawing and Processing Blood for Platelet Aggregation.Platelet Aggregation and Secretion.Platelet Agonists.Clot Retraction. (elsevier.com)
  • Platelets play a primary role in this process, interacting with subendothelium-bound von Willebrand factor (vWf) via the membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib complex. (medscape.com)
  • Von Willebrand disease and hemorrhagic abnormalities of platelet and vascular function. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Studies on a new type of platelet release mechanism defect (irresponsibility to thromboxane A_2). (nii.ac.jp)
  • CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In horses, concurrent increases in venous blood ET-1 immunoreactivity, insulin and glucose concentrations, and platelet-neutrophil aggregates support a role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of CHO-induced laminitis. (tamu.edu)
  • Current pathophysiology studies are focused on the origin of the antibody response, the nature of the antigenic complex and pathologic epitopes, the mechanisms of interindividual differences in platelet activation, and the functions of monocytes and endothelial cells. (immune-source.com)
  • Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid which is formed by platelets, leukocytes, mast cells and vascular endothelial cells in response to several chemical and immune stimuli 7 . (org.pk)
  • Among them, mutations in G protein-coupled receptors have clearly demonstrated two types of abnormalities, namely loss of function and constitutive activation of the receptors. (jci.org)
  • Platelet 1987 -- Platelet and Lipids (Kagakuhyoronsya, Tokyo). (nii.ac.jp)
  • Leu) in the first cytoplasmic loop of the TXA2 receptor in a dominantly inherited bleeding disorder characterized by defective platelet response to TXA2. (jci.org)
  • Platelets were activated with ADP, thrombin, or the thrombin receptor agonist peptide SFLLRN (TRAP 1-6 ). (nature.com)
  • Some animals may also have concurrent DIC, which can be difficult to distinguish from synthetic liver failure (erythrocyte fragments, high thrombin-antithrombin [TAT] complexes and low or progressively decreasing platelet count would favor the concurrent presence of DIC in synthetic liver failure). (eclinpath.com)
  • Delaying surgery may be indicated if: Parturients with a history of extensive mucosal bleeding (due to platelet dysfunction) and prolonged bleeding (due to factor VIII deficiency) after surgery. (renalandurologynews.com)
  • They cause thyroid dysfunction, which leads to bleeding abnormalities. (essaypass.net)
  • Grant APVV-16-0020 - 'Specific laboratory monitoring of platelet reactivity in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with new P2Y12 receptor antagonists', prof. Jan Stasko, MD, PhD. (uniba.sk)
  • Another majorcontributing factor in this process is the hyper-reactivity of platelets which can lead to increased platelet adhesion and aggregation 6 . (org.pk)
  • Platelet cyclo-oxygenase deficiency. (nii.ac.jp)
  • [ 1 ] The basis for this classification was that these disorders occurred primarily in young adult women, affected the outer retina and choroid, and were associated with inflammation, visual field loss, and in some instances, electroretinogram abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • It is suspected that a MYH9 mutation contributes to the various inherited giant platelet disorders. (mhmedical.com)
  • Bleeding disorders can also result from a problem with the number or function of platelets. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Adults with bleeding disorders may present to their family physician with minor bleeding symptoms or hematologic laboratory abnormalities discovered during evaluation for surgery or another purpose. (medscape.com)
  • HIT pathophysiology has an initiation phase, immunization to produce pathologic antibodies, then platelet activation by IgGCPF4CHep immune complexes. (immune-source.com)
  • HIT therapy needs improvement that could come from better diagnostics in the form of practical platelet activation assays, and from combos of rational therapeutics targeting past due and early guidelines in pathophysiology. (immune-source.com)
  • platelet-neutrophil aggregation, and concentrations of nitric oxide, insulin, and glucose in blood obtained from horses following carbohydrate overload. (tamu.edu)
  • PROCEDURES: Digital and jugular venous blood samples were collected at 1-hour intervals (for assessment of endothelin-1 [ET-1] immunoreactivity and measurement of glucose, insulin, and nitric oxide [NO] concentrations) or 4-hour intervals (CBC and platelet-neutrophil aggregate assessment) for 8 hours or 16 hours after induction of CHO-associated laminitis in horses treated with an ET-1 antagonist. (tamu.edu)
  • Recent studies have shown that the blood level of platelet activating factor (PAF), a potent inducer of platelet aggregation, is elevated in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and remains unchanged in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. (org.pk)
  • Abnormalities of glucose, insulin, and lipoprotein metabolism are common in primary hypertension. (surenapps.com)
  • this method is widely used to assess the functional status of platelets. (nature.com)
  • Additional tests include the VWF protein (VWF:Ag) assay, functional assay (VWF:RCo), the factor VIII assay and the platelet function assay. (renalandurologynews.com)
  • The body's reaction to vessel wall injury is rapid adhesion of platelets to the subendothelium. (medscape.com)
  • The renal abnormality mainly manifests as proteinuria, which remains stable with normal renal function, although deterioration as a result of episodes of acute glomerulonephritis has been described. (mhmedical.com)
  • Given its ability to transport important intra- and intercellular mediators such as cyclic nucleotides and eicosanoids, the physiological repertoire of MRP4 is thought to cover platelet aggregation, cell migration and proliferation, angiogenesis, and cardiomyocyte contraction. (solvobiotech.com)
  • While references to platelet function have been included in some large texts, there has not been a basic reference manual that researchers and clinicians can use in their daily work until now.Platelet Protocols fills the need for a straightforward and comprehensive laboratory manual on current procedures for evaluating and analyzing platelet function and abnormalities. (elsevier.com)
  • GPIIb-IIIa Antagonists.Other Anti-Platelet Therapies.Drugs That May Affect Platelet Function.Appendix:Recipes for Citrate Based Anticoagulants.Inhibitors Used in Platelet Techniques.Cytoskeletal Preparation and Recipes.Gel-Filtered Platelets.Washed Platelets.Western Blots of Acrylamide Gels Gell and Blot Recipes.Staining of Platelets for Flow Cytometric Analysis.Subject Index. (elsevier.com)
  • Diabetes mellitus is associated with several abnormalities of platelet function. (org.pk)
  • In addition, when platelets are activated, negatively charged phospholipids move from the inner to the outer leaflet of the membrane bilayer. (medscape.com)
  • This classification was abandoned because of the observation that surface proteins were missing not only in the RBC membrane but also in all blood cells, including the platelet and white cells. (medscape.com)
  • The platelets arise from the fragmentation of the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and circulate in blood as disc-shaped anucleate particles for 7-10 days. (medscape.com)
  • Bone marrow biopsy can reveal dyserythropoiesis, dysmorphic erythroblasts, and dysplastic platelets and megakaryocytes. (orpha.net)
  • Tocotrienols, given intravenously, could potentially prevent pathological platelet thrombus formation and thus provide a therapeutic benefit in conditions such as stroke and myocardial infarction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients with poorly controlled diabetes usually have several abnormalities of lipid and lipoprotein metabo-lism 3,4 . (org.pk)
  • It is an easy-to-read, understandable resource which can be kept at the bench and referred to frequently by scientists, clinicians, and laboratory staff involved in platelet related areas. (elsevier.com)
  • In these situations, there will be other clinical and laboratory evidence of severe liver failure, e.g. hypoalbuminemia, hypocholesterolemia, low urea nitrogen (note that not all of these abnormalities may be present in individual patients), in conjunction with a long PT, APTT, and ACT due to hypofibrinogenemia (that is often very severe). (eclinpath.com)
  • In cases of asymptomatic hematologic laboratory abnormalities, the particular abnormality should narrow down the potentially affected hemostatic component(s), ideally streamlining subsequent investigation. (medscape.com)
  • PAF has a wide spectrum of biological actions which include enhanced platelet aggregation, activation o(mononu-clear cells, increased vascular permeability, hypotension, contraction of smooth muscles and alterations in the interme-diary metabolism 7 . (org.pk)
  • Platelets are fragments of blood cells that occur in the blood of vertebrates and are associated with blood clotting. (elsevier.com)
  • Normal blood clotting involves blood particles, called platelets, and as many as 20 different plasma proteins that layer over the platelets. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These results also indicate that intravenously administered tocotrienols were significantly better than tocopherols in inhibiting cyclic flow reductions (CFRs), a measure of the acute platelet-mediated thrombus formation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results indicate that platelet shape change is not a prerequisite for aggregation and that the signal widely believed to represent shape change reflects platelet microaggregation instead. (nature.com)
  • Once activated, platelets have two major mechanisms to recruit additional platelets to the growing hemostatic plug. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, the release reaction and prostaglandin synthesis act to consolidate the initial hemostatic plug by promoting the participation of other platelets in the growing hemostatic plug. (medscape.com)
  • Although there is no doubt that coagulation abnormalities (mostly prolonged PT and APTT) are seen in liver disease, the clinical relevance of these defects is far from certain. (eclinpath.com)
  • We conclude that platelet aggregation occurs independently of shape change and that shape change is not necessarily followed by aggregation. (nature.com)
  • Thrombocytopenia related manifestations can be treated with platelet transfusions. (orpha.net)
  • Furthermore, several haemostatic abnormalities have been shown in this group of patients, including increased platelet turnover and aggregation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Platelet activation allows binding of these proteins, which bridges adjacent platelets. (medscape.com)
  • Aggregation leads to a substantial increase in light transmission because of the formation of large particles and the concomitant clearing of the sample. (nature.com)
  • Stehbens and Biscoe, 1967 ), platelet shape change was, and still is, generally regarded to be the initial stage of platelet activation. (nature.com)
  • Platelet Tideglusib activation via FcRIIa, the sine qua non of HIT, has become much better appreciated. (immune-source.com)
  • Prevention of platelet activation by the HIT IC is usually another promising approach. (immune-source.com)
  • Subsequent studies recognized the Rigel compound R406 to block platelet activation by the HIT IC via FcgRIIa [69]. (immune-source.com)
  • Progress in therapy is usually hampered by the difficulties of inadequate positive predictive value of antibody detection and clinical scores in suspected HIT, very limited availability of practical platelet activation assays, and the paucity of new agents in human clinical trials. (immune-source.com)
  • The bleeding tendency is a result of thrombocytopenia and the presence of a majority of giant spheroid platelets with a disorganized microtubular system and a lesser number of normal-size discoid platelets. (mhmedical.com)
  • Since then, the initial decrease in light transmission detected in aggregometry is used as a measure for the extent of platelet shape change. (nature.com)
  • Nitric oxide, an endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), helps maintain low arterial tone at rest, inhibits growth of the smooth muscle layer, and inhibits platelet aggregation. (surenapps.com)
  • Morphologically, the platelets change dramatically from discs to spiny spheres in a process called shape change. (medscape.com)
  • It was suggested that this optical effect was caused by the morphological change of platelets from discs to spherical cells with pseudopodia ( Latimer et al, 1977 ). (nature.com)
  • Next, pharmacokinetic studies were carried out and tocol levels in canine plasma and platelets were measured. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As expected, α-Tocopherol treatment increased levels of total tocopherols in post- vs pre-treatment specimens (57 vs 18 μg/mL in plasma, and 42 vs 10 μg/mL in platelets). (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, treatment with α-tocopherol resulted in slightly decreased levels of tocotrienols in post- vs pre-treatment samples (1.4 vs 2.9 μg/mL in plasma and 2.3 vs 2.8 μg/mL in platelets). (biomedcentral.com)
  • tocotrienols, 2.8 vs 0.9 μg/mL in plasma and 1.28 vs 1.02 μg/mL in platelets). (biomedcentral.com)
  • tocotrienols, 8.6 vs 1.7 μg/mL in plasma and 3.8 vs 3.9 μg/mL in platelets). (biomedcentral.com)
  • α-Tocotrienols treatment induced increases in α-tocopherol levels of 4-fold and 6-fold in plasma and platelets, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, tocotrienols (TRF) treatment induced a less pronounced increase in the levels of tocotrienols in plasma and platelets, suggesting that intravenously administered tocotrienols may be converted to tocopherols. (biomedcentral.com)